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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 57 years-old woman developed a right hemiparesis with dysphasia four weeks after left Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. The CSF was normal while cerebral angiography showed segmental narrowing of the left carotid syphon and terminal branches. The patient's condition improved during the next few days with almost full recovery. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus followed by a controlateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia is a relatively infrequent clinical syndrome. After a review of the relevant literature and discussion of the various theories of causation, the authors suggest a chance relation between the two pathological conditions.
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PMID:[Ophthalmic herpes zoster and delayed contralateral hemiparesis: a chance occurrence (author's transl)]. 31 26

A case of intracranial saccular aneurysm occurring in early childhood and presenting with sudden dysphasia and hemiplegia is reported. A review of the literature emphasizes the rarity of this lesion. Despite a significant preoperative neurological deficit, the patient tolerated aneurysm clipping and recovered well. The majority of reported cases involve males under 2 years old. Aneurysms in infants have a distribution different from that seen in adults. Microscopic examination of these lesions fails to show any evidence of inflammation or atherosclerosis. The data suggest that the pathogenesis of these rare childhool lesions differs from that of adult saccular aneurysms.
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PMID:Saccular aneurysm of infancy and early childhood. 68 77

Developmental language and learning disabilities in children can take many different forms and can result from a variety of causes. Research to date has focused primarily on specific disabilities in learning, which are characterized by a significant delay or disorder in one aspect of learning against a background of otherwise normal development. Learning disabilities affecting language and/or reading acquisition (developmental dysphasia and dyslexia) have been studied most thoroughly. Verbal learning disabilities occur more frequently in boys than in girls, and there is a higher than expected incidence of left-handedness among affected children. Although there are many reasons why a child may have delayed or disordered language development, differential diagnosis of specific developmental language or reading disorders calls for ruling out mental retardation, peripheral auditory or visual dysfunction, autism, frank neurological impairments such as hemiplegia or seizure disorder, and severe social deprivation or lack of educational opportunity. The typical profile of a developmentally dysphasic or dyslexic child is one who shows a marked discrepancy between nonverbal (performance) IQ and verbal IQ, with a history of delayed or disordered speech, language and/or reading development. Such a child usually performs quite normally on visual spatial tasks, while demonstrating severe deficits in tasks of auditory temporal processing, motor sequencing, phonological processing and memory, language, reading and spelling. This characteristic neuropsychological profile may suggest left hemisphere dysfunction or a failure to develop normal cerebral lateralization. The etiology of these developmental learning disorders is unknown, but there is evidence of familial aggregation, indicating a potential genetic basis. Although these children respond to remediation, longitudinal studies have shown that the symptoms often persist into adulthood (see Tallal, 1988, for a more detailed discussion).
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PMID:Hormonal influences in developmental learning disabilities. 196 40

A retrospective study of 100 elderly stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation centre in Singapore was done to study the characteristics of the patients and the factors associated with the outcome. The mean age of the patients was 72.7 +/- 5.4 years with an equal sex ratio. There was a predominance of Chinese. Two or more concomitant diseases were present in 43% of the patients with a markedly high prevalence of hypertension. Majority had unilateral motor deficit, and cerebral infarcts were seen in 66% of the scans done. Altogether 79% of the patients improved on their level of self-care in activities of daily living (ADL) while 60% showed improvement in their level of mobility. Patients with good prognosis were those who were assessed to be at least partially independent in ADL prior to rehabilitation and those who showed improvement in the motor power of their affected limbs during rehabilitation. Those with dense hemiplegia at the outset were likely to remain dependent. Age, sex, delay in rehabilitation, duration of rehabilitation, presence of dysphasia and sides of deficit had no bearing on the outcome.
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PMID:Stroke rehabilitation of elderly patients in Singapore. 201 8

We report uncommon neurologic complications of moderate to severe burns in two infants aged 13 and 19 months, respectively. The first patient suffered a 25% total body surface area burn to her lower limbs; 3 days later she became mute and irritable, with increasing rigidity of limbs and trunk. Her face was expressionless and she also had mild dysphagea. Muscle-stretch reflexes were brisk and accompanied by episodes of coarse jitteriness. A diagnosis of an extrapyramidal parkinsonian disorder was made. The infant was treated with amantadine hydrochloride, and she recovered completely over a period of 2 months. The second infant was admitted with an extensive burn to his trunk and limbs; 3 days later he became comatose and had intractable seizures, which were more prominent over his right side. Dysphasia and right-sided hemiplegia became apparent; these conditions were and remained permanent, accompanied by focal seizures and a marked cognitive delay. Although relatively uncommon, central nervous system involvement may be a hazardous complication of burns in infants, who thus represent a high-risk group.
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PMID:Uncommon neurologic complications of burns in infants: a parkinsonian extrapyramidal disorder and massive cerebral infarction. 202 83

Thirty-seven consecutive adults and 2 children with tuberculosis of the nervous system were studied. Twenty-eight patients (72%) had intracranial or intraspinal tuberculomas and only 11 patients (28%) had tuberculous meningitis. Of the 14 patients (36%) with intracranial tuberculomas 6 presented with epilepsy of late onset including convulsive status epilepticus(2). The 6 patients with multiple tuberculomas some of which were situated in the infratentorial compartment were surprisingly free of major neurological disability of systemic disturbance. Thirteen patients (33%) presented with spinal cord compression due to tuberculoma. Eight of these had associated bony abnormalities such as collapsed vertebrae and loss of pedicles usually regarded as characteristic of malignant disease and 2 presented with clinical features of acute transverse myelitis. Eleven patients (28%) had tuberculous meningitis. One of these died, 1 had a protracted illness with gait ataxia and hydrocephalus and 1 other patient was disabled by hemiplegia, dysphasia and epilepsy but the remaining 8 recovered fully. Tuberculosis outside the nervous system was found in 13 patients (33%) in 12 (31%) of whom it was pulmonary. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated by Ziehl-Neelsen stain in 16 patients (52%) out of 31 from whom specimens were available. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was eventually cultured from only 6 specimens. These data suggest that the clinical and radiological features of tuberculosis of the nervous system in Saudi Arabia may differ substantially from those reported from other countries. In our study there was low morbidity and low fatality rate. Two patients had infratentorial tuberculomas, and 8 patients had bony abnormalities in the vertebral column, typical of malignant disease.
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PMID:Tuberculosis of the nervous system. A clinical, radiological and pathological study of 39 consecutive cases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 272 75

A case of recurrent internal carotid stenosis, one year after carotid endarterectomy, due to strangulation by scarring composed of digastric muscle, hypoglossal nerve and a branch of external carotid artery (ECA) is reported in this paper. A 34-year-old male suddenly became nauseated and developed right hemiplegia and dysphasia. He was admitted to a hospital, and the symptoms and signs improved gradually during a period of several weeks. A left carotid angiography, performed in another hospital, revealed a stenosis and wall irregularity around the highly-situated carotid bifurcation. He was transferred to our clinic with a view to being operated on. On admission, neurological examination disclosed a mild right motor weakness and motor dysphasia. A right carotid angiography revealed good cross circulation to the opposite. An EEG monitoring under the Matas test showed no outbreaks. With diagnosis of an embolism arising from carotid atheromatous plaque, a carotid endarterectomy was performed successfully. A postoperative angiography revealed good patency without stenosis nor wall irregularity around the carotid bifurcation. The postoperative and out-clinic condition was uneventful. However, one year after the operation, a left carotid angiography revealed recurrent internal carotid stenosis in a high degree. A second operation was performed and the operative findings showed an internal carotid stenosis due to strangulation by scarring composed of digastric muscle, hypoglossal nerve, a branch of ECA and connective tissue. The scarring was decompressed and a postoperative angiography revealed an improvement of the stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of recurrent internal carotid stenosis, after carotid endarterectomy, due to strangulation by scarring]. 277 Sep 64

A 10-year-old child presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and dysphasia. A thorough evaluation, including CT scan of the brain and cerebral angiography, resulted in a diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia. The diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia depends on characteristic cerebral angiographic findings. The treatment of this particular entity is supportive, often with incomplete recovery.
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PMID:Acute childhood hemiplegia. 396 6

Periventricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have often been deemed inoperable because of their location in critical structures. Furthermore, the excision of large lesions may be complicated by the potential for serious brain swelling and hemorrhage due to "autoregulation breakthrough." Nonetheless, the unfavorable natural history of the untreated disease in a symptomatic young patient has induced us to approach these lesions using staged microsurgical excision combined with elective barbiturate coma for maximal cerebral protection. Between 1979 and 1983, six patients (four female, aged 12 to 60 years, and 2 male, aged 14 and 29) who harbored large AVMs in the basal ganglia, thalamic, and hypothalamic areas presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (2 cases), progressive neural deficits (3 cases), and intractable headache (1 case). Nineteen staged operations were performed for the complete excision of these lesions. Among the first three patients, there was one death due to "autoregulation breakthrough" hemorrhage into the lateral ventricle during the excision of a lesion approached through the sylvian fissure using standard anesthesia techniques. This led to the adoption of the transventricular surgical approach and elective barbiturate coma to facilitate exposure of the lesion and to protect the adjacent vital structures from potential ischemia. Three patients were treated in this fashion uneventfully. Of the five successfully treated patients, two have returned to their preoperative status and one has completely recovered from global hemispheric ischemia and hemiplegia. The hemiparesis in one patient worsened as a result of postoperative hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage, and one patient developed mild dysphasia and hemiparesis. This experience suggests that this approach offers a valid therapeutic regimen for the treatment of this disease. During the same period, three patients--one man (age 23) and two women (aged 29 and 22)--harboring four intraventricular AVMs presented with intraventricular hemorrhage. After the acute effects of chemical ventriculitis and hydrocephalus were overcome with cerebrospinal fluid diversion, all four lesions were excised microsurgically using the transtemporal approach. One patient demonstrated significant and progressive improvement of her preoperative memory deficit. The remaining two patients have both returned to their preoperative employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Microsurgical excision of paraventricular arteriovenous malformations. 398 6

An 11-year-old girl had sudden onset of right hemiplegia and dysphasia with fever. Blood cultures grew Kingella kingae. Echocardiography showed a prolapsed mitral valve vegetation, which became larger during a prolonged course of antibiotics. After seven weeks of therapy, when surgery was being planned, the child deteriorated abruptly. A repeat echocardiogram showed that the vegetation had disappeared. Conservative medical management is usually inadequate in treating vegetations associated with bacterial endocarditis; surgery is advised.
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PMID:Acute Kingella kingae endocarditis with recurrent cerebral emboli in a child with mitral prolapse. 646 65


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