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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty infants with cerebral palsy including monoplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, choreoathetosis, hypotonia with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia, underwent Computed Cranial Tomography (CCT). Specific morphological anomalies such as ventricular dilatation with or without diverticulum, cortical atrophy, low density areas and calcifications, occur with varying frequency in each clinical groups. There exists a good correlation between the pathogenesis of the lesions, clinical data and CCT pictures.
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PMID:Cranial computerized tomography in cerebral palsy. An attempt at anatomo-clinical and radiological correlations. 720 4

Locomotion patterns were studied in 160 children with cerebral palsy. Ten patterns were distinguished, which were typical of the type of impairment: (1) crawling--mildly impaired children who will achieve independent walking; (2) creeping and crawling--diplegic children with moderate motor impairment; (3) creeping, never leading to independent walking--children with severe diplegia or tetraplegia; (4) bottom shuffling--children with hemiplegia and ataxia and minimal or mild motor impairment; (5) bunny-hopping--dyskinetic children with marked motor impairment but generally not mentally retarded; (6) rolling--severely diplegic and dyskinetic children; (7) other forms of locomotion, such as bridging or grub-type creeping, rare and typical of children with ataxic elements; (8) just walk--children with hemiplegia, diplegia, ataxic diplegia or ataxia, generally in cases of mild motor impairment but mental retardation; (9) just walk with aids--children with severe diplegia; and (10) no mobility. The locomotion pattern, age at onset and even manner of execution all influenced prognosis for walking. Severe deformity affected the choice of locomotion pattern. Though physiotherapy probably would not greatly influence the adoption of a particular locomotion pattern, early intervention might help prevent deformities.
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PMID:Locomotion patterns in cerebral palsy syndromes. 749 22

A 13 year old boy with mental retardation, hemiatrophy and left hemiplegia, right hemifacial microsomia and transverse digital amputations is reported. He is moderately mentally retarded, experiences grand mal seizures and has evidence of a porencephalic cyst in the right frontotemporal region on CT scan. At 52 days post conception his mother was involved in a road traffic accident and suffered extensive bruising of the abdomen and concussion. It is suggested that the patient's congenital anomalies are a consequence of hypoxia and thrombo-embolic events sustained during early pregnancy.
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PMID:Porencephaly and transverse limb defects following severe maternal trauma in early pregnancy. 773 9

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare disorder manifest by early epilepsy, mental retardation and hemiplegia. The neuropathology has been described in only 15 cases to date. The present case provides a further description of the pathology in a hemispherectomy specimen and shows unusual features, including cystic breakdown of the white matter possibly related to the long duration of the features, including cystic breakdown of the white matter possibly related to the long duration of the disease; the subject was 13 years older than previously documented cases. MRI findings were also unusual in showing mass effect and ventricular compression in the affected hemisphere, features not previously described in hemimegalencephaly.
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PMID:Unusual magnetic resonance and neuropathological findings in hemimegalencephaly: report of a case following hemispherectomy. 815 58

From 1982 to 1991, there were 57 patients diagnosed with various intracranial disorders manifested initially with acute hemiplegia at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital. There were 33 boys and 24 girls, aged 12 days to 18 years old. In etiological consideration, cerebrovascular disease (66.7%), intracranial tumors (12.3%) and head trauma (10.5%) accounted for most of the cases. Besides acute hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsy (47.4%), disturbed consciousness (42.1%), headache (42.1%), vomiting (31.6%), focal seizure (21.1%) and fever (21.1%) were also common manifestations. Neuroimage studies of CT/MRI scan and angiography were the most useful diagnostic tools. Treatment modalities included medical treatment in 25 patients and surgical intervention in 16 patients and supportive treatment in the others. There were 12 fatal cases, half of whom died directly of intracranial pathology. The survivors exhibited various neurological deficits, in which motor deficits, mental retardation, and subsequent seizures were the three most common sequelae.
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PMID:Acute hemiplegia in infancy and childhood. 817 42

The short term neonatal morbidity and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome were evaluated in 40 low birthweight (< 2500 g) liveborn infants delivered after abruptio placentae and in 80 control infants of similar gestational age. Apgar scores at 1' and 5' were lower in infants born to mothers with severe abruption. The prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage (Grades I-IV) was 17.5% (7/40) in the cases and 5% (4/80) in the controls (P = 0.035). Cystic periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed in two cases (5%) and in none of the controls (P = 0.1). At 2-year follow-up, among surviving infants, cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia, hemiplegia or tetraplegia with or without mental retardation) was diagnosed in 11.1% (4/36) of the cases and in none of the 76 controls (P = 0.011). After adjustment by logistic regression analysis for the effect of confounders (gestational age, birthweight, social class and duration of mother's education) the odds ratio of a poor outcome defined as neonatal death or cerebral palsy was 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-17.0) in index cases as a whole and 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 43.0) in the subgroup of infants born after severe abruption. Mild abruption did not affect the 2-year infant outcome in both univariate and multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Severity of abruptio placentae and neurodevelopmental outcome in low birth weight infants. 829 17

Sixty-eight children with malignant brain tumors were treated with the "8 in 1" chemotherapy protocol from 1986 to 1993 in Finland. The overall 5-year survival rate was 43%. Thirty-one children are still alive and tumor-free, and have been evaluated in the present study. Of these 31 children, 26% had hemi- or tetraplegia, 13% intractable seizures, and 30% attend special schools. The mean full scale (FS) IQ was 85 (range 45-138), 24% had an FSIQ value less than 70, and 36% more than 90. One-half of the survivors were placed in Bloom's group I or II, are able to lead an active life, and have only mild neurologic disabilities. In the other, neurologic late complications accumulated and these children were relegated to Bloom's group III or IV, with major disabilities such as hemiplegia, intractable epilepsy, or mental retardation. The most important prognostic factors were severe perioperative complications, young age at diagnosis, and cranial irradiation.
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PMID:Neuropsychologic late effects in children with malignant brain tumors treated with surgery, radiotherapy and "8 in 1" chemotherapy. 883 71

Sixty-four children with malignant brain tumours diagnosed at less than 3 years of age were reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1975 to 1993. The survival rate has improved significantly: the 5-year survival rate was 26% for all children, 13% for children diagnosed during 1975-85 (n = 30) and 40% for those diagnosed during 1986-93 (n = 34). Of the surviving children in 1986-93, 43% were categorized in Bloom's group I or II and could lead active lives without major disabilities. The remaining children had severe neurologic late complications, such as hemiplegia, intractable seizures, and mental retardation.
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PMID:Improving outcome of malignant brain tumours in very young children: a population-based study in Finland during 1975-93. 924 Aug 80

Among the variable manifesting conditions of neuronal migration disorders, mental retardation, motor disturbance and epilepsy are the main features of developmental disabilities. We analyzed the relationship between clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance (MR) images, including surface anatomy scan (SAS). Thirty nine patients (23 males, 16 females; mean age 6.1 years) with neuronal migration disorders were studied. The diagnoses were cerebral palsy in 23 cases, mental retardation in 4. West syndrome in 4, Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) in 6. Walker-Warburg syndrome in 1 and Dubowitz syndrome in 1. Cortical dysplasias were classified into the following 7 groups, mainly based on the SAS findings: complete agyria (AG 1), mixture of agyria and pachygyria (AG 2), bilateral complete pachygyria (BP 1), diffuse pachygyria with marked widening of the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (BP 2), unilateral pachygyria with hemispheric atrophy or hemimegalencephaly UP), focal cortical dysplasia (FP) and other findings such as solitary schizencephaly (Others). Most cases of AG 1 and AG 2 showed spastic quadriplegia (6/7) and symptomatic generalized epilepsy (5/7), whereas cases of BP1 showed spasticity only in 1/8 and epilepsy in 7/8. Hemiplegia was observed in 6/7 of UP, 2/8 of FP and 2/4 of Others. Partial epilepsy was observed in 2/7 of UP and 1/8 of FP. Intellectual level was variable in BP 1, UP, FP and Others, but all cases showed severe mental retardation in AG 1, AG 2 and BP 2. BP 2 was observed in all cases of typical FCMD (5/5). The birth weight was less than 2,500 g in 6/7 of UP. The structural findings well correlated with clinical symptoms and epileptic seizure types. The surface anatomy scan was a very useful technique for detecting cortical dysplasias.
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PMID:[The relationship between MR images and clinical findings in neuronal migration disorders]. 924 87

To define the patterns of pathologic changes in cerebral palsy (CP) and to assess the etiology and time of brain damage, we reviewed the magnetic resonance images and clinical records of 86 pediatric CP patients seen over 8 years. Patients were divided into two groups, based on the gestational age at birth. The majority of CP patients (69) had spasticity. In the premature group (< 37 wk gestational age) n = 27), spastic diplegia (12 patients) and quadriplegia (8) were the major subtypes. In the term group (> or = 37 wk gestational age) ( n = 59), spastic hemiplegia (23) and quadriplegia (12) were most common. The other main clinical manifestations in the two groups were seizures (36) and mental retardation (15). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provided significant findings in 82 patients (95%). In the 27 patients born prematurely, MR imaging revealed periventricular leukomalacia (17), multicystic encephalomalacia (3), cortical and subcortical atrophy (4), migration disorders (2), and basal ganglia injury (1). Among the patients born at term, the MR imaging findings were more heterogeneous; they included cortical and subcortical atrophy (17), brain malformations (17), periventricular leukomalacia (6), multicystic encephalomalacia (5), porencephaly (4), hemiatrophy (3), delayed myelination (3), and none (4). MR imaging alone could define the time of brain insults in 73 of our 86 CP patients. Combined with clinical histories, MR imaging could help assess the time of insult in 93% of patients. The brain insults occurred prenatally in 34 of our patients, perinatally in 37, and postnatally in eight. The time of insult could not be determined in six patients. In the premature patients, the insult occurred most frequently perinatally (74%), whereas in the term group it occurred most frequently prenatally (54%). MR imaging was found to be very helpful in the evaluation of the various neuropathologic changes in CP, in the depiction of the etiology, and in the determination of the time of brain injury.
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PMID:Etiology, timing of insult, and neuropathology of cerebral palsy evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. 958 74


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