Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mirror movements in individuals with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) may result from a reorganization of the central sensorimotor system. Motor performances of both hands were measured to characterize mirror activity (or mirroring) and hand functions in 22 participants (6 to 18 years) with hemiplegic CP and in 17 control participants. During a unimanual repetitive squeezing task, contractions of the active hand and fingertip forces of the opposite hand were recorded simultaneously. In the control group, slight mirror activity (or mirroring) was found that decreased with age. In participants with CP, mirror activity was 15 times stronger than in the control group, and was found at all age levels. Mirroring was more prominent in the unaffected hand of the CP group. The amount of mirror activity was not related to the degree of hemiplegia, which was assessed with measures of spasticity, strength, and dexterity. Mirror movements disturbed functional bimanual skills, although to some extent they could be suppressed by voluntary effort.
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PMID:Quantitative assessment of mirror movements in children and adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. 1110 43

Mirror movements may be congenital or acquired. There are few reports of acquired mirror movements in pediatric patients. Further, mirror movements in children with epilepsy have rarely been reported. A 9-year old male, with intractable partial epilepsy resulting from polymicrogyria of the right hemisphere, underwent cortical resection of the right frontotemporoparietal region for a malformation of cortical development. He developed left hemiplegia and mirror movements in the left hand in the postoperative period. Four months after surgery, he remained seizure-free with mild residual left-sided hemiplegia and persistent mirror movements. Mechanisms postulated for mirror movements include aberrant pyramidal tract development and transcallosal inhibitory pathways. The latter mechanism might have contributed to the mirror movements observed in this child. This study is the first report of mirror movements following focal cortical resection for intractable epilepsy due to polymicrogyria.
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PMID:Mirror movements following cortical resection of polymicrogyria in a child with intractable epilepsy. 1645 27

Mirror movements (MM) are involuntary movements of one side of the body that accompany and mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. Physiological MM can occur during normal childhood development, probably owing to corpus callosum immaturity. Pathological congenital MM may be clinically isolated or part of a complex congenital syndrome, including Kallmann syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and congenital hemiplegia. Congenital isolated MM are usually familial. Recently, heterozygous mutations of the DCC gene, with autosomal dominant inheritance, were shown to cause some cases of MM. The pathogenesis of congenital MM may involve (i) abnormal interhemispheric inhibition between the two motor cortices; (ii) functional alteration of motor planning and motor execution; and/or (iii) abnormal persistence of the ipsilateral corticospinal tract. Fundamental and clinical research is providing novel insights into the complex underlying molecular pathways, and recent experimental work has identified several mechanisms that may mediate the motor network dysfunction. In this review, we analyze clinical, genetic, neurophysiologic, and neuroimaging data on congenital MM, and discuss how this knowledge may improve our understanding of bimanual motor control.
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PMID:Congenital mirror movements: a clue to understanding bimanual motor control. 2163 4