Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A register of infants with cerebral palsy born to mothers resident in the Mersey region from 1967-84 has been maintained using various sources of information. A total of 1056 patients are registered of whom 331 (31%) have hemiplegia or mixed hemiplegia, 236 (22%) have diplegias or mixed diplegia, and 369 (35%) have quadriplegia or mixed quadriplegia. The remainder have dyskinetic or dystonic forms except for seven, who are unclassified. There has been no significant change in the prevalence of cerebral palsy among infants of normal birth weight (greater than 2500 g). Among low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 2500 g) there has been a significant increase in prevalence of all the main clinical types. This increase started later among the very low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) than among those weighing 1501-2500 g. These changes in prevalence could be the result of either improved survival of prenatally impaired infants because of improvements in medical care, or a reflection of failure to maintain optimal conditions at or around the time of birth.
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PMID:Birthweight specific trends in cerebral palsy. 237 16

Forty-five of 47 low birthweight infants (less than 2.5 kg b.w.) from a 2 1/2-year period surviving after ventilator treatment in the neonatal period were studied. The children were assessed at the age of 6-7 years by neurological examination and Griffith's test. There were 2 children with diplegia, and one with a descrete hemiplegia. Eleven other children had minor motor disturbances. Fifteen children had short attention span. In the Griffith's test 8 had a general quotient below 3; most often because of low scores in the Locomotor scale and the Performance scales. Eight children had minor motor difficulties and short attention span in combination. These eight children together with the three patients with cerebral palsy, another four patients with low Griffith test and one girl with severe retrolental fibroplasia, and one girl with neurogenic hearing reduction could be at risk for later school difficulties (38%). Finally, one boy was successfully shunted for hydrocephalus. The abnormalities found did not correlate with birthweight or duration of ventilator treatment.
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PMID:Longterm follow-up of ventilator treated low birthweight infants. II. Neurological and psychological outcome at 6-7 years. 243 36

This article presents a 4-year-old boy who suffered from weakness of the right extremities since birth. Physical examination revealed mild mental retardation and right spastic hemiplegia. No seizures were noted. A brain CT scan showed bilateral clefts along Sylvian fissures, more marked on the left side, which communicated with the lateral ventricle. The septum pellucidum was absent. There was an evident squaring of the frontal horns. The CT findings were consistent with the diagnosis of schizencephaly. When a patient with mental retardation and spastic hemiplegia or diplegia fails to show a history of perinatal cerebral insult, the possibility of schizencephaly should be considered. In that case, a brain CT scan is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool.
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PMID:[Schizencephaly: report of one case]. 263

From the changing incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the Tottori joint study, the absolute number of saved non-CP babies in the period 1955-1984 in the whole of Japan was calculated as about 33,000. The significant decrease of the incidence in the period 1955-1980 was mainly related to the advances made in perinatal medicine. In contrast, the recent reincrease is attributable to low-birth-weight CP. As for the risk factors for quadriplegia or double hemiplegia of CP, maternal toxemia, low Apgar scores and neonatal abnormal signs were important. Diplegia and paraplegia were significantly correlated with low birth weight. Among the babies weighing below 2,000 g, there was a more than 40-fold increased risk of CP compared with that in the general population. As for the risk for low-birth-weight diplegic CP, the number of abnormal signs in the neonatal period is correlated with the brain damage. The next step in preventing perinatal brain damage might be to give more attention to fetal deprivation and to well-balanced and sensible neonatal care of risk babies.
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PMID:Cerebral palsy in Tottori, Japan. Benefits and risks of progress in perinatal medicine. 275 49

A retrospective study examined early neurodevelopmental behaviors of children with spastic diplegia, spastic hemiplegia, and quadriplegia (spastic, athetoid, or mixed) who had been followed up longitudinally in a high-risk infant follow-up clinic. Compared with peers with normal outcomes, children with all three types of cerebral palsy had significantly lower scores on the Bayley Mental Scale at 4 months of age; children with hemiplegia and quadriplegia also scored significantly lower on the Bayley Motor Scale. On the Movement Assessment of Infants at 4 months of age, the children with hemiplegia and quadriplegia showed significantly higher risk scores than the nonhandicapped group. The Movement Assessment of Infants was more than three times as sensitive as the Bayley Motor Scale in detecting motor abnormalities in 4-month-old infants with diplegia and more than twice as sensitive in detecting early abnormalities of hemiplegia. At 1 year of age, however, the Bayley Motor Scale was extremely sensitive in picking up motor deficits in children with all three types of cerebral palsy.
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PMID:Early diagnosis of spastic diplegia, spastic hemiplegia, and quadriplegia. 169 34

Twenty children with spastic diplegia were identified by clinical assessment among a representative cohort of 1048 survivors with a birthweight of 2000g or less. Data from hospital case-records were used to investigate which perinatal conditions might differentiate infants with diplegia from other low-birthweight survivors. Even allowing for a strong association with lower gestational age, diplegic children were more likely to have suffered respiratory disease, necrotising enterocolitis and fits in the neonatal period, than children without cerebral palsy. Among preterm infants, diplegia differed from hemiplegia mainly in a lack of significant association with recorded maternal characteristics and markers of intrapartum stress. Important determinants of diplegia were not identified, but the results suggest that infants born both immature and relatively immature for their gestational age have the highest risk of diplegia. Factors that influence the rate of fetal development may be implicated in the aetiology of diplegia in both preterm and fullterm infants.
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PMID:Cerebral palsy in low-birthweight infants. II. Spastic diplegia: associations with fetal immaturity. 337 67

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze changes in ambulation between two groups of children with cerebral palsy, with and without short leg casting. Sixteen children with spastic cerebral palsy, aged 10 to 108 months, were assigned randomly to either a short leg casted group or an uncasted group. All children were tested by me, before and after 10 weeks of neurodevelopmental treatment, by recording an ink print ambulation pattern on a length of paper fastened to the floor. Measurements of stride length, stride width, foot angle, and footprint clarity were taken to quantify the ambulation patterns. The percentage of improvement in stride length, stride width, and foot angle was analyzed using a t test, and the percentage of improvement in footprint clarity was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. An alpha level of .05 was assumed to determine whether the differences between groups were large enough to be statistically significant. A significant difference was found in the percentages of improvement in stride length between the two groups, although the other results were nonsignificant. Short leg casting appears to be valuable in the management of spastic hemiplegia, diplegia, and quadriplegia. Clinical observations included improvement in muscle tone, trunk control, and symmetry. These results constitute the first objective measure, using a control group, supporting the therapeutic value of short leg casting for children with cerebral palsy.
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PMID:Effect of short leg casting on ambulation in children with cerebral palsy. 353 41

A register of children with cerebral palsy born to mothers resident in the Mersey region from 1966 to 1977 was compiled from health service records. Frequency distributions and prevalences of birth weight and gestational age differed for those with hemiplegia, diplegia, and quadriplegia. In particular, the children with diplegia showed a bimodal frequency distribution. Children of normal birth weight with diplegia had a higher prevalence of severe mental retardation than those of low birth weight. These differences may be due to survival bias and may not be of aetiological importance. Furthermore, the mothers of diplegic infants had a significantly higher proportion of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and low birthweight infants in their obstetric history. This suggests that prenatal factors predominate in the aetiology of diplegia.
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PMID:Effects of birth weight, gestational age, and maternal obstetric history on birth prevalence of cerebral palsy. 367 22

Among 2100 children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) twenty carried the diagnosis: Previous CP, now normalized. Seventeen patients could be traced and were reevaluated. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in these seventeen children (ten boys, seven girls) between the ages of three months and three years (average eleven months). They were found to be normal when reexamined between the ages of one year and five years (average two years two months). Two patients had tetraplegia, three diplegia, nine paraplegia ("paraplegia" were cases of diplegia with minimal affection of the upper limbs - now called "diplegia type I"), and one hemiplegia. One patient had atactic diplegia, and one was athetotic. The records of these seventeen patients were evaluated with respect to aetiology and symptomatology. Upon reexamination seven patients were found to be completely normal. Five patients had no motor symptoms but showed signs of specific neuropsychological difficulties. Two patients were intellectually retarded without motor symptoms. One showed signs of neuropathy, and one had fetal alcohol syndrome. Signs consistent with CP could be demonstrated in one patient only. This study shows that signs of CP may in rare cases disappear altogether.
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PMID:Spontaneous remission of cerebral palsy. 396 Feb 79

We have studied the natural history of spontaneous dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy, with particular reference to the pattern of neurological involvement. In patients with bilateral hemiplegia and severe involvement of the upper limbs the incidence of dislocation was very high (59%), while in those with diplegia and little involvement of the upper limbs, only 6.5% were affected. There was no evidence of dysplasia or instability of the hip in any of the patients with unilateral hemiplegia. A strong correlation was found between the stability of the hip and the patients' ability to walk. These findings have a bearing on clinical surveillance and also on the indications for prophylactic surgery.
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PMID:Factors affecting the incidence of hip dislocation in cerebral palsy. 403 Aug 44


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