Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report acute encephalopathy in two cases with severe congenital hydrocephalus. Case 1 was a 23-month-old girl, born at of 36weeks gestation and delivered by cesarean section due to congenital hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent ventricular dilation associated with hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker variant and cortical malformation. The blood test for toxoplasmosis, syphilis, varicella-zoster, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) complex and various metabolic tests of blood and urine specimens yielded unremarkable results. She was admitted to our hospital for respiratory failure with fever and her clinical course deteriorated, progressing to hemiconvulsion hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome. Case 2 was a 17-month-old boy, born by spontaneous vertex delivery at 39weeks. Severe, asymmetrical ventricular dilation associated with hydrocephalus, cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia, and punctuate calcifications of the thalamus, third and fourth ventricles, around the aqueduct, were observed on computed tomography (CT). The blood test for TORCH complex and various metabolic tests of blood and urine specimens yielded unremarkable results. He was admitted to our hospital for status epilepticus with fever and his clinical course progressed to hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome. In patients with brain disorders, diagnosis and treatment are likely to be delayed and prognosis may thereby be worsened. When status epileptics or prolonged coma manifests even in patients with severe brain disorders, we must consider encephalopathy in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute encephalopathy in two cases with severe congenital hydrocephalus. 2109 88

Rubella is a mild viral illness in children. Rubella encephalitis is an extremely uncommon complication of rubella affecting unvaccinated children, aged between 5 and 14 years. From May to June 2011, we observed 9 cases of rubella encephalitis diagnosed during an epidemic of rubella. All were previously healthy (8 boys and 1 girl). None of them had received rubella vaccine. The mean age was 11.6 years. The onset of neurological symptoms occurred within 1-5 days after the typical rush and was associated with seizures and altered consciousness in all cases. The presence of serum immunoglobulin M antibody against rubella virus was demonstrated in all patients. EEGs showed slow wave activity in all patients and brain MRI was normal in the 9 cases. Full recovery was obtained in all patients. However, 4 of them required intensive care unit referral. Acute encephalitis is an extremely rare complication of rubella. The main neurological findings are headache, ataxia, and hemiplegia. Epileptic seizure and altered consciousness are rarely observed. Rubella encephalitis is generally self-limiting with about 80% recovery rate with no sequelae. However, severe courses have been reported. These cases illustrated the potential severity of rubella and they should be prevented by encouraging widespread early childhood vaccination. In Tunisia, rubella encephalitis has been reported once previously and vaccination against rubella virus has only recently been included in the national vaccination program, prescribed only for adolescent females. Following this rubella epidemic, vaccination strategies in Tunisia have been revised.
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PMID:[Epidemic of rubella encephalitis]. 2383 99