Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxic metals encountered industrially or environmentally may produce the following syndromes: 1) Peripheral neuropathy: which is mainly sensory in arsenic and entirely motor with inorganic lead, organophosphorus compounds and tallium produce a mixed form of peripheral neuropathy. 2) Encephalopathy: usually with lead poisoning where ataxia and hemiplegia or optic atrophy may occur. 3) Optic neuritis: transient or permanent impairment of vision in arsenic poisoning and blurring of vision followed by field fedects with thallium poisoning. 4) Cerebellar disturbances: in the form of ataxia in organic mercury. 5) Parkinsonism: extrapyramidal signs occurs in manganese poisoning shown as mask face and rigidity of muscles. 6) Mental changes: as acute psychosis in organic lead and erethism in organic mercury.
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PMID:Neurological syndromes produced by some toxic metals encountered industrially or environmentally. 35 38

Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy (PML) is a very rare complication of immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment of rheumatic diseases. We describe a patient with a mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) existing for more than 15 years, who had polyarthritis, myositis, scleroderma-like symptoms, pulmonary involvement, and psychosis of undetermined origin. After a 12-year low-dose corticosteroid therapy and a 4-year azathioprin therapy a quickly progressive PML developed; symptoms included: difficulty in urinating, bladder, articulation, spastic hemiplegia, eye movement malfunction. The patient died after after a few months. PML is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis when a patient with MCTD develops neurologic symptoms.
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PMID:[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a cause of neurologic symptoms in Sharp syndrome]. 174 73

Diagnosis of brucella meningitis was made in 10 patients by serological tests on blood and cerebrospinal fluid using Rose Bengal, standard agglutination, indirect immunofluorescent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and by blood and CSF culture. All patients had significantly elevated antibody titres. In three Br. melitensis was isolated both from blood and CSF and in a further three from blood only. Eight patients were 30 years old or less and seven were female. Seven patients had a history of contact with livestock and had consumed raw milk. Meningitis occurred in five, meningoencephalitis with hemiplegia in one, paraplegia and cranial nerve palsies in one and psychosis and/or nightmares in three. Transient Parkinsonism was seen in one patient and generalized rigidity and non-Parkinsonian tremors in another. Computerized tomography revealed ventricular dilation in one patient and punctate hyperdense, non-enhancing shadows in the lentiform nuclei in two others. Treatment with a combination of tetracycline, rifampicin and streptomycin was successful.
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PMID:Brucella meningitis: presentation, diagnosis and treatment--a prospective study of ten cases. 362 3

A clinicopathologic study was made of 45 elderly persons whose autopsied brains showed the pathologic changes of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type). Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (PSVE) was observed in 3.8 per cent of all autopsied brains of elderly persons and in 6.7 per cent of the brains of those with cerebrovascular diseases. White matter lesions were graded from I to III (slight to severe). Small infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons were common, but the cerebral cortex was usually preserved. Neuropsychiatric symptoms included dementia, urinary incontinence, hemiplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, psychosis, parkinsonism, and mutism. In thge Grade III group there was a high incidence of pseudobulbar palsy, parkinsonism, and mutism. Pathologic study showed marked cerebral arteriosclerosis in almost all cases. Angionecrosis was observed in 60 to 80 per cent. Fibrotic and stenotic changes of the blood vessels in the deep white matter were also noted, particularly in 90 per cent of the Grade III cases. A suggested explanation for the pathogenesis of PSVE is based on the effects of various complications such as hypertension, cardiac disease and malnutrition which may play an important role in PSVE when they occur in elderly persons with a history of long-standing hypertension, marked cerebral arteriosclerosis, and arteriolar changes in the cerebral white matter.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type) in the elderly. 709 54

This hospital based study was carried out on 185 adult patients of cerebral malaria. Out of 185 patients, 62 (33.5%) died and 123 (66.5%) survived. Neurological sequelae were present in 13 (10.5%) of 123 survivors at the time of discharge (i.e. 10-15 days after recovery from coma) from the hospital. These were in form of psychosis in 5 patients (4%), cerebellar ataxia in 4 patients (3.2%), extrapyramidal rigidity in 2 patients (1.62%) and hemiplegia in 2 patients (1.62%).
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PMID:Incidence and outcome of neurological sequelae in survivors of cerebral malaria. 925 38

A 75-year-old woman with sarcoidosis developed sudden weakness of the left upper and lower limbs. Neurological examination revealed left-sided hemiplegia, hyperreflexia with pathological reflexes and hypesthesia. She was disoriented and euphoric. Diffusion-weighted brain MRI showed high intensity lesions in the right parietooccipital lobes. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing of the background activity. Serum lysozyme increased to 18.4 mg/ml, CSF protein to 51 mg/dl. After admission, she presented psychotic manifestation followed by a progressive disturbance of consciousness. Epithelioid granulomas without caseous necrosis were present in the biopsied lymph node and specimens from the occipital cortex, indicating neurosarcoidosis. Necrosis was also present in the sampled brain tissue. The psychotic symptoms and consciousness disturbance rapidly ameliorated after the treatment with oral prednisolone, 40 mg/day. Neurosarcoidosis should be considered even in an elder case of sarcoidosis complicated with a stroke.
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PMID:[An elder case of neurosarcoidosis associated with brain infarction]. 1519 54

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, or cerebral hemiatrophy, is a pre- or perinatally acquired entity characterized by predominantly neurologic symptoms, such as seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia, and mental retardation. Psychiatric symptoms are rarely reported. We report the first case of left cerebral hemiatrophy and a late onset of treatment-resistant schizoaffective disorder after a stressful life event. The patient finally responded well to clozapine. The clinical history and results from structural neuroimaging are highlighted to discuss the possible developmental bias for psychotic disorders.
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PMID:Treatment-refractory schizoaffective disorder in a patient with dyke-davidoff-masson syndrome. 1916 86

In 1965, Feng of the Peking Union Hospital published an article entitled "Innovation in electroencephalography: the use of acupuncture needles as sphenoidal electrodes". It was a preliminary report, but surprisingly EEG records in the figures did not show definite spikes or sharp waves in the sphenoidal leads. In 1983, Feng and his colleagues reported a summary of 2,000 cases studied with acupuncture needle sphenoidal electrodes. This time, spikes or sharp waves were shown in EEG recordings. However, cases studied were several "paroxysmal disorders", including psychomotor seizure (155 cases), generalized seizure (765 cases), epileptic cephalgia (101 cases), syncope (104 cases), abdominal epilepsy (24 cases), encephalopathy (135 cases), brain tumor (32 cases), hemiplegia of unknown cause (43 cases), psychosis (34 cases), and others (607 cases). Therefore, there were many unknown cases and many cases that were not related to temporal lobe epilepsy. Surprisingly, the increase in detection by acupuncture needle electrode was higher for hemiplegia of unknown cause, brain tumors, and encephalopathies than for the temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, the issue of no insulation of the acupuncture needle was not addressed. Therefore, we began in 1988 to reinvestigate the usefulness of uninsulated acupuncture needles as sphenoidal electrodes. We also compared the efficacy of anterior temporal electrodes (T1, T2) with those of acupuncture needle and EMG needle. Our results showed that when compared to the routine EEG recordings, acupuncture needle sphenoidal electrodes increased the yield of detecting anterior temporal spikes from 41% to 70%. Our data further showed that when compared to the EMG needle recordings, acupuncture needle recordings had the same detection rate, but the spike amplitude was slightly smaller (129 microv vs. 135 microv). Interestingly, we also found that anterior temporal surface electrode recordings were nearly as good as those of acupuncture needle and traditional insulated needle electrodes in the detection of anterior temporal spikes. Our data indicate that acupuncture needle sphenoidal electrode is as effective as the traditional insulated needle sphenoidal electrode in the detection of anterior temporal spikes. We agree with Feng that the use of acupuncture needle is easy, safe, and has minimal discomfort and complications. However, when the use of the acupuncture needle is not acceptable to patients or as in the pediatric group, anterior temporal electrode is an ideal alternative to acupuncture needle sphenoidal electrode.
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PMID:[Re-evaluation of using acupuncture needle as sphenoidal electrode in temporal lobe epilepsy]. 1967 69

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology. Neurosarcoidosis is registered in 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis are numerous and diverse. Manifestation of Neurosarcoidosis includes partial- and grand-mal seizures, low-grade fever, headache, increased intracranial pressure, visual disturbances, diabetes insipidus, amenorrhea- galacterorrhea syndrome and pituitary failure, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, unilateral and bilateral facial palsy, infiltration of meninges (aseptic meningitis) and nerve roots, leptominingitis, pachymeningitis with cranial neuropathies, pseudotumor, mild cognitive disorder, psychosis, delirium, dementia, disorientation, amnesia, progressive visual deterioration and proptosis, axonal polyneuropathies, mononeuropathies, chronic polyradiculoneuritis, peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve abnormalities, radiculopathies, peripheral neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, progressive numbness and deep sensation disturbance in bilateral lower extremities, hemiplegia, hyperreflexia with pathological reflexes and hypesthesia, upward gaze palsy, spinal cord compression, dysarthria, dysphagia, weakness, episodes of blurred vision, diplopia, intracerebral hemorrhage, neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia, dysorientation, vasculitis presenting with strokes, intracranial hypothalamic lesion, paresthesis, hemiparesis, myelopathy in the cervico-thoracic region, lumbar pain, sensory level and inability of lateral gaze (Tab. 2, Ref. 60).
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of neurosarcoidosis. 1982 43

A 42-year-old patient with cognitive deficits due to childhood meningitis suffered from recurrent episodes of familial hemiplegic migraine. Additionally, he developed concomitant psychotic episodes requiring subsequent in-patient psychiatric treatment. Following combined neurological and psychiatric treatment he always recovered from the episodes within a few weeks time. Prophylactic treatment of migraine using topiramate and acetazolamide (off-label) prevented attacks for several months. When off-label compensation was refused and, as a consequence, the drug discontinued, hemiplegia relapsed within a few days. Hence, acetazolamide was prescribed again and the family paid for the medication. Since that time, the patient did not show severe attacks for at least 8 months apart from a transient attack induced by acute flu-like illness.
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PMID:[Off-label use of acetazolamide in a patient with familial hemiplegic migraine and concomitant psychotic episodes]. 2014 82


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