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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of 125 children with hypertension and no apparent primary CNS disease were analyzed for neurological symptoms or complications. Eleven children had neurological symptoms of high blood pressure. In only one of these patients was the diagnosis of arterial hypertension made before the observation of the neurological findings. The symptoms were severe headache in eight children, convulsions and coma in four, hemiplegia in two, and impaired vision and apraxia in one child. Symptomatology was rapidly reversed by antihypertensive treatment in four children, while six had long-term stigmata and one child died in hypertensive crisis. Because elevated arterial pressure can cause severe neurological disease, routine blood pressure measurement in children--especially those with neurological symptomatology--is stressed.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in severe arterial hypertension of childhood. 51 Mar 17

Over a period of 18 months, six patients with sickle cell anaemia and neurological complications were seen. Four had acute hemiplegia, one had epilepsy and mental changes and the sixth had cerebral haemorrhage and died in the acute phase. Two patients with hemiplegia had recurrences and three were associated with convulsions and/or aphasia. Three of the patients had fever at presentation while the other three were well at the time of the neurological complication. Two patients had not been diagnosed as sicklers previously. A brief review of the literature on neurological disease in sickle cell anaemia is included.
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PMID:Neurological complications associated with sickle cell anaemia: an experience at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi. 261 7

The reduction of working ability, because of disease, was considered in 1,053 subjects. 21 groups of maladies were found; the neurological disease and mental retardation (MR) caused various degrees of working inability in 416 subjects, i.e. in the 39.51% of the examined population; orthopaedic changes affected the 15.57% of the patients; psychic disorders determined some inability in 8.93% of the persons. The subjects unable to work receive, by Law, an economic help. This study was limited to neurological patients and to subjects mentally retarded. The working ability was reduced by 5 types of disturbances: neuromotor pathology, mental retardation, mental deterioration and dementia, epilepsy, other neurological diseases. The neuromotor pathology affected 163 subjects; the types of symptomatology: hemiplegia; it was found in 71 patients; 62 times it was the result of cerebrovascular disease; in 4 patients it was caused by a hypoxic-ischaemic pre-perinatal encephalopathy. 43 patients affected by cerebrovascular disease lost their personal autonomy, i.e. they could no longer do the activities of daily living (ADL); 7 patients lost their working ability; 12 subjects kept some ability to work. The hemiplegias which struck after 50 years of age were caused by cerebrovascular disease; paraplegia: 28 paraplegic patients have been seen; the aetiology was: poliomyelitis in 8 subjects; MS in 5 patients; ALS in 2 patients; in 13 patients the aetiology was unknown. 6 patients resulted unable to work; 8 persons kept some working ability; 14 patients lost the ability to do the ADL; tetraplegia, or double/bilateral hemiplegia, was found in 20 patients; the aetiology: poliomyelitis in 4 patients; pre-perinatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in 4 patients; 3 patients of MS; lesion of the cervical spinal cord because of breech delivery in 2 patients; the aetiology was not known in 7 persons. The ability to do the ADL was lost in 17 patients; 3 subjects kept some working ability. Double or bilateral hemiplegia (Little disease) was the model of neuromotor deficit subsequent natal encephalopathy (Infantile Cerebral Palsy, PCI); brachial plexus paralysis was only found from obstetrical (i.e. natal) origin; poliomyelitis and PKU resulted prevented as of 10 years. Mental Retardation (MR) was considered a borderline pathology between neurology and psychiatry; it included 162 subjects: in patients with severe MR a pre-perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy was found in 40.4% of the cases; in patients affected by moderate or light MR the same encephalopathy was found in the 11.3% of the subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neurologic diseases, mental retardation and reduction in work capacity]. 293 89

Hemiplegia is associated with excessive bone loss in the paralyzed arm. The forearm bone mineral content was measured at a proximal cortical site and a distal trabecular site of both the normal and hemiplegic arms in 74 patients with hemiplegia. By comparing the ratios of bone mineral content in the two arms, the effect of immobilization could be quantitated independently of the large population variance in bone mineral content. Bone loss, estimated from this single comparison of bone mineral content in the normal and hemiplegic arms, at the trabecular and cortical sites was positively correlated with the duration of stroke and negatively correlated with reduction in forearm function. At the trabecular site females had a proportionately greater bone loss than males, indicating an interaction between gender and immobilization associated bone loss at this site. The regression line of excess bone loss in the hemiplegic limb against time had a negative slope of 1.3% and 1.5% a year of the starting value for the trabecular and cortical sites, respectively, over the 15 years studied. This study indicates that a reduction in function is associated with significant bone loss occurring over prolonged periods that may account, at least in part, for the significant osteoporosis seen in elderly people and in subjects with conditions resulting in reduced mobility such as arthritis, obstructive airways disease, and neurological disease.
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PMID:Forearm bone loss in hemiplegia: a model for the study of immobilization osteoporosis. 321 23

Case records of 450 horses with signs of neurological disease are reviewed. One hundred and nineteen horses with neurological disease due to trauma were examined, of which 60 were due to spinal cord trauma, 47 to brain or cranial nerve trauma and 12 to peripheral nerve trauma. Cervical vertebral fractures/trauma were the most common injury. Basisphenoid/basioccipital bone fractures were the most common form of cranial trauma and facial nerve paralysis the most common cranial nerve injury. Eighty-nine horses with neurological disease due to malformation were examined. Cervical vertebral malformation occurred in 83 horses and congenital defects in 6 foals. Neurological disease due to inflammation or infection occurred in 30 horses. The most common disease of this type was meningitis, which occurred in 11 horses and foals. Neoplasms in the CNS caused neurological disease in 8 horses. The final category was miscellaneous neurological disease, which was diagnosed in 204 horses. Diseases in this category included neonatal (28 cases), toxic/metabolic (27 cases), idiopathic (133 cases), degenerative (3 cases) and other neurological diseases (13 cases). The most common condition was idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (116 cases). Where possible, diagnosis relied on a thorough neurological examination with use of ancillary tests in selected cases including rhinolaryngoscopy, radiography, myelography, ophthalmoscopy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis when indicated. In many cases necropsy and histopathological confirmation or diagnosis was necessary.
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PMID:A survey of neurological diseases in horses. 811 10

Neurologic manifestations are usual and variable during post-traumatic fat embolism. The pathogenesis of these lesions continues to be a source of considerable controversy. Thirteen cases of post-traumatic fat embolism with neurologic signs were treated in a surgical intensive care unit. All patients had impaired consciousness. Focal neurologic disorders were reported in 5 cases [hemiplegia (2), tetraplegia (2), aphasia (1)]. The aspects on brain CT scan seemed to be related to ischemic lesions (1 case), appeared normal in ten cases, or revealed post-traumatic hemorrhagic lesions (2 cases). The outcome at 2-4 weeks was spontaneously good, with complete resolution, without neurologic sequellae, in 11/13 patients. Two deaths were related to brain trauma severity (one case) and nosocomial pneumonia (one case).
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PMID:[Neurologic manifestations of fat embolism]. 856 67

This paper discusses the complications associated with herpes zoster, with emphasis on its neurological manifestations. These complications, which are particularly prevalent in elderly and immunodeficient patients, include focal muscle paralysis, contralateral hemiplegia, myelitis, cranial nerve palsies and meningoencephalitis. A causative relationship with herpes zoster in many of these syndromes is probably more common than previously suspected due to difficulties in diagnosis and lack of awareness among clinicians. Zoster sine herpete-- reactivation of varicella zoster virus without rash--is associated with a spectrum of neurological disease and, for obvious reasons, is particularly difficult to diagnose. The polymerase chain reaction could be a valuable tool in overcoming these diagnostic problems, especially in patients without characteristic eruptions, allowing the early initiation of effective antiviral therapy.
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PMID:Neurological complications in herpes zoster. 916 23

It is recognized that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive method of detecting cerebral lesions in various neurologic disorders. This report presents two patients with acute encephalitis or encephalopathy who manifested similar serial changes on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Clinically, Patient 1, a 2-year-old male, was diagnosed as having hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome and Patient 2, a 9-month-old male, acute encephalitis associated with exanthema subitum. Despite the different etiology and the distribution of lesions, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of these two patients revealed high-intensity lesions in the subcortical white matter in the acute phase, and then in the cortex, or basal ganglia, or both. In the convalescent phase, high-intensity lesions disappeared and brain atrophy developed. These serial changes were not recognized using other conventional methods. Although the exact mechanism for these serial changes remains unknown, these changes might reflect some pathogenic mechanism in acute encephalopathy or encephalitis.
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PMID:Serial changes on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in encephalitis or encephalopathy. 1663 8

The objective of this study was to review available data on negligence claims for neurological disease treated by National Health Service (NHS) clinicians in England and Wales. The study design was a retrospective review of the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) database, which holds data on negligence claims against NHS clinicians from 1995 to 2005. This database was searched to retrieve abstracts of claims concerning neurological disease treated by clinicians of all specialties. Abstracts were systematically reviewed to extract the following information: specialty of clinician, pathology involved, misadventure, patient injury and value of claim. A complete data set was available for 559 cases. The chi-squared test was used to investigate differences in negligence claims between neurologists/neurosurgeons and non-specialists. The specialty most frequently cited was neurosurgery (241) followed by neurology (172). Non-neurologists and non-neurosurgeons were the defendant in 146 cases, predominantly general physicians (42), orthopaedic surgeons (39) and emergency physicians (33). The most common pathologies were intervertebral disc disease (27%), CNS tumours (21%), CNS infection (11%) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (9%). The most frequent misadventure was diagnostic error (44%). In 47% of cases major permanent injury (e.g. blindness, hemiplegia) resulted from the misadventure. The patient died in 17% of cases. The total cost for all closed claims was 37 million pounds (2% of expenditure on claims for medical and surgical specialites over 1995 to 2005). This is the first systematic study of negligence claims for the treatment of neurological disorders in the UK. The prominence of diagnostic error highlights the need for early assessment by neurologists and prompt use of neuroimaging during the acute phase.
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PMID:Neurological negligence claims in the NHS from 1995 to 2005. 1738 87

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal neurological disease affecting the central nervous system. JC polyomavirus is the agent related to this disease. PML usually occurs in patients with HIV infection or other immunodeficiencies. We report a case of PML in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ cells deficit. The symptoms began with right arm hyposthenia followed by right hemiplegia. Blood analyses were normal, the only abnormal value was a marked decrease in CD4+ cells count with normal CD8+ cells. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, showed multiple non-homogeneous lesions without enhancement in the left callous circumvolution and in the sub-cortical left frontal white matter. In the following two weeks, the patient had relevant progression in neurological deficits and a subsequent MRI demonstrated significant worsening. Because of the rapid clinical progression, we decided to start therapy with Cidofovir. The patient, after one month of admission, was slowly worsening in neurological functions.
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PMID:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ cells deficit. 1899 35


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