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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complete hemispherectomies were performed throughout the 1950's and early 1960's for the treatment of medically refractory seizures associated with hemiplegia. In 1964 a study published by Laine, Pruvet and Ossen reported a late post operative complication; superficial cerebral hemosiderosis. This, with its associated neurological deterioration, hydrocephalus, and at times death, led to disfavor with the procedure. It was replaced by the subtotal hemispherectomy which effectively eliminated the late complication of superficial cerebral hemosiderosis but was less successful in controlling seizures. Results decreased from 85% showing improved seizure tendency to 68%. Dissatisfied with these results, a hybrid operation was designed by Dr. Rasmussen and Dr. Villemure known as functional hemispherectomy. Removing less cortical tissue but disconnecting the remaining tissue provided a functionally complete but anatomically incomplete removal. Patients, having undergone this surgery, have obtained the same degree of seizure reduction without any of the late complications of the complete hemispherectomy. Our presentation will discuss the preoperative, operative and post-operative course of these patients. Criteria for surgery will be reviewed. A description of the surgical procedure will be included so that one can understand why the complications of aseptic meningitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral hemosiderosis and altered motor function will or will not occur postoperatively. Concerns of family and patient will be addressed throughout the presentation.
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PMID:Functional hemispherectomy. 147 51

During the period April 1985 to November 1986 (18 months), 196 children (of age greater than 1 month) admitted to the Children's Emergency Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, with clinical suspicion of meningitis/meningoencephalitis were followed up prospectively. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed by culture, direct microscopy and/or antigen-detecting assays (co-agglutination and enzyme immunoassay) in 44 infants (25 Haemophilus influenzae type b, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 enterobacteria and one mixed infection), aseptic meningitis in 52, cerebral malaria in 4 and febrile convulsions in 96. The majority of cases of bacterial meningitis were boys and 57% of those in whom H. influenzae was the commonest isolate were less than 1 year old. The presenting signs and symptoms are described as well as the transient and permanent short-term sequelae. The total mortality from bacterial meningitis was 19%, permanent neurological sequelae were seen in 26% of survivors. Prospective follow-up, including audiometry, of 35 children 1-2 months after discharge showed that 11% had hemiplegia and 20% had hearing impairment. The potential impact of vaccination against invasive H. influenzae infections is discussed.
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PMID:Endemic bacterial meningitis in Sudanese children: aetiology, clinical findings, treatment and short-term outcome. 169 86

Although aseptic meningitis, lethargy and irritability occur frequently in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa, other neurological manifestations are rare. The authors report one case of Kawasaki disease and one of infantile polyarteritis nodosa, both associated with acute hemiplegia. Both patients had received courses of oral corticosteroids for their underlying disease prior to the onset of the hemiplegia. Pathological studies, as well as the four previously reported cases, are reviewed.
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PMID:Acute hemiplegia in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa. 615 31

Neurological involvement of mumps is commonly restricted to aseptic meningitis. However, rarely mumps is associated with more severe encephalitic illness; other known associations described with mumps are cases of transverse myelitis and Gullain Barre like illness. We report a case of hemiplegia due to mumps parotitis probably caused by involvement of carotid artery.
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PMID:Mumps hemiplegia. 1077 25

A 65-year-old man developed right facial palsy and six months later experienced sudden unconsciousness and right hemiplegia. On admission he had severe nuchal rigidity, decreased visual acuity, and a hearing disturbance. A CT scan and angiography failed to reveal any lesions in the brain, but CSF cytology showed undifferentiated malignant cells with a high level of neuron-specific enolase. A postcontrast CT scan and MRI demonstrated diffuse meningeal enhancement and a faintly rim-enhanced cystic lesion at the cerebellopontine angle. The patient died four months after admission, and postmortem examination revealed meningeal dissemination of squamous cell carcinoma, probably arising from an epidermoid cyst at the cerebellopontine angle. Microscopic examination revealed squamous epithelial debris and a foreign body reaction in portions of the cyst wall and in the surrounding subarachnoid space near the base of the cyst. Rim enhancement of the cyst on MRI and the microscopic findings indicated that the recurrent headaches may have been the result of chemical aseptic meningitis caused by spontaneous leakage of the cyst's contents.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of primary cerebellar-pontine angle epidermoid carcinoma]. 1088 35

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology. Neurosarcoidosis is registered in 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis are numerous and diverse. Manifestation of Neurosarcoidosis includes partial- and grand-mal seizures, low-grade fever, headache, increased intracranial pressure, visual disturbances, diabetes insipidus, amenorrhea- galacterorrhea syndrome and pituitary failure, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, unilateral and bilateral facial palsy, infiltration of meninges (aseptic meningitis) and nerve roots, leptominingitis, pachymeningitis with cranial neuropathies, pseudotumor, mild cognitive disorder, psychosis, delirium, dementia, disorientation, amnesia, progressive visual deterioration and proptosis, axonal polyneuropathies, mononeuropathies, chronic polyradiculoneuritis, peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve abnormalities, radiculopathies, peripheral neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, progressive numbness and deep sensation disturbance in bilateral lower extremities, hemiplegia, hyperreflexia with pathological reflexes and hypesthesia, upward gaze palsy, spinal cord compression, dysarthria, dysphagia, weakness, episodes of blurred vision, diplopia, intracerebral hemorrhage, neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia, dysorientation, vasculitis presenting with strokes, intracranial hypothalamic lesion, paresthesis, hemiparesis, myelopathy in the cervico-thoracic region, lumbar pain, sensory level and inability of lateral gaze (Tab. 2, Ref. 60).
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of neurosarcoidosis. 1982 43

Kawasaki syndrome is an acute systemic vasculitis in children. The pathophysiology of Kawasaki syndrome presumably involves vascular inflammation, causing plasma leakage from systemic microvessels. From 1-30% of patients with Kawasaki syndrome exhibit central nervous system involvement, e.g., aseptic meningitis, epileptic seizures, transient hemiplegia, facial palsy, ataxia, chorea, ischemia, hearing loss, abnormal vision, disturbed consciousness, and behavioral changes. Neuroradiologically, Kawasaki syndrome demonstrates subdural effusion, infarction, atrophy, and reversible splenial lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. A 25-month-old boy developed transient hypertension with generalized seizure in the subacute phase of Kawasaki syndrome. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, performed 5 hours and 2 days postseizure, indicated subtle, subcortical, high-signal-intensity lesions. Acute transient hypertension in this patient may have triggered the onset of lesions because of the increased permeability of brain microvessels, attributable to systemic vasculitis in Kawasaki syndrome. To our knowledge, subcortical lesions in Kawasaki syndrome were not previously reported.
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PMID:Transient subcortical high-signal lesions in Kawasaki syndrome. 2296 45