Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An acute variant of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was described in a 5-year-old boy who showed rapid progression of coma within 14 days of right hemiplegia. He had measles at 3 years of age. The diagnosis of SSPE was based on the following findings: high anti-measles antibody titer in the serum and in the spinal fluid, periodic complex of EEG, and typical pathological changes of the brain. Treatment with transfer factor failed to improve the worsening clinical course. It is suggested that SSPE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute fulminating encephalitides or intracranial vascular lesions.
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PMID:An acute variant of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an autopsy case report. 626 71

An autopsy case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a 5-year-old boy, with rapid progression to a comatose state in 2 weeks after the onset of right hemiplegia, is described. The levels of antibody to measles virus in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid were increased, and high levels of IgG in the latter were found. A characteristic pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) showing periodic suppression of high voltage complexes was also found during the course of the disease. Microscopical examination revealed perivascular cuffing, numerous hypertrophied astrocytes with a diffuse gliosis and sporadic intranuclear inclusions in the brain. In addition to these typical findings of SSPE, impaired cellular immunity was recognized by delayed skin test in vivo, and pathologically severe atrophy of thymus, and follicular atrophy of spleen with amyloid deposition in the wall of the sheathed arteries were found.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. An autopsy case with impaired cellular immunity. 715 43

We report a 15 year old girl with a childhood hemiplegia, who developed a recent progressive intellectual decline associated with elevated globulins and measles antibody titres in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating a diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The magnetic resonance imaging revealed left hemispheric atrophy concordant with a long-standing right hemiplegia, and electroencephalography exhibited lateralized periodic complexes (PCs) over the right hemisphere concordant with left-sided myoclonic jerks. The modification of PCs in our patient due to preexisting damaged cerebral hemisphere illustrate that a fairly functional cortex and subcortical white matter are needed for the expression of the PCs of SSPE.
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PMID:Periodic electroencephalographic pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis modified by preexisting damaged cerebral hemisphere. 902 Aug 3

We describe a 3-year-old boy with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) who died 4 months after its onset. His initial symptoms were drowsiness and left hemiplegia. He became comatose in 10 days, and developed a decortical posture after 45 days. He suffered from multiple cerebral hemorrhage and infarction 3 months later. Oligodendrocytes were positively stained by immunocytochemical stain with a complement-fixing measles antibody. Light microscopy revealed glial nodules, perivascular cuffing and reactive gliosis. Small arteries showed intimal thickening with resultant occlusion and occasional recanalization. These findings suggested vascular involvement in SSPE. This case illustrates the difference between the fulminant and chronic forms of SSPE.
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PMID:[Fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical and neuropathological observations]. 939 6

Functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation were used to examine a 34 year-old right-handed patient, who, at the age of 6 years, had experienced sudden right hemiplegia, seizures, and stupor during a bout of measles encephalitis, followed by incomplete distal right motor recovery. Morphological MRI showed massive unilateral enlargement of the left ventricle, associated with extreme thinning of the white and gray matter,with partial preservation of the pyramidal tract. Functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation revealed reorganization of the motor cortices, and integrity of the corticospinal pathway, respectively. Our findings indicate that complete hand motor recovery may require functional connections between the motor cortical areas and cortical-subcortical structures, in addition to the retained integrity of the primary sensorimotor area and pyramidal tract.
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PMID:Functional anatomy of motor recovery after early brain damage. 1578 63

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by persistent measles infection. Here, we report two neurologically handicapped cases presenting with atypical features of SSPE. Patient 1 who had mild mental retardation manifested acute encephalopathy with partial seizures and hemiplegia, mimicking encephalitis. He showed a fulminant course without myoclonia or a periodic electroencephalogram complex. Although SSPE is usually associated with an increased diffusion pattern, diffusion-weighted imaging of our patient showed decreased diffusion in the right hippocampus. Patient 2 with infantile hemiparesis presented with secondary generalized seizures, followed by asymettrical myoclonias involving the side contralateral to the hemiparesis. A periodic electroencephalogram complex was absent on the previously damaged brain regions. Our findings show that preexisting neurological disorders may modify the clinical or electrophysiological findings of SSPE, leading to atypical presentations. SSPE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute encephalopathy with lateralizing signs or unidentified seizures. Decreased diffusion resolution in diffusion-weighted-imaging may correlate with rapid clinical progression in SSPE.
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PMID:Atypical presentations of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in two neurologically handicapped cases. 2013 78

This paper deals with cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral hemispherectomy conducted as a treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis by Bo Sung Sim in Korea in 1950s-1960s. He demonstrated that cerebral hemispherectomy could be used for unilateral diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis. Sim learned cerebral hemispherectomy from Dr. L. A. French. at the University of Minnesota from 1955 to 1957 in America. The authors argues that Bo Sung Sim's introduction of cerebral hemispherectomy to Korea was not a simple application of an advanced medical technology, but a complicated and active process in that Sim used the technique to intervene intractable complications from cerebral paragonimiasis such as generalized convulsions, spastic hemiplegia and mental deterioration. Bo Sung Sim, one of the neurosurgeons of the first generation in Korea, was trained in neurology, neuropathology, neuroradiology and animal experiments as well as in neurosurgery at the University of Minnesota. After returning to Korea, Sim faced parasitic diseases, one of the most serious public health problems at that time, which were far different from what he learned in America. As a neurosurgeon, Sim tackled with parasitic diseases of the central nervous system with various diagnostics and therapeutics. In 1950s, more than one million populations suffered from pulmonary paragonimiasis acquired by eating raw crabs or by feeding juice of crushed crayfish for the treatment of measles in Korea. About 26.6 percent of people with paragonimiasis had cerebral paragonimiasis. Before bithionol therapy was introduced in 1962, neurosurgery was the only available treatment to control increased intracranial pressures, intractable epilepsy, paralysis and mental deterioration. Between 1958 to 1962, Bo Sung Sim operated on 24 patients of cerebral paragonimiasis. In two of them, he performed cerebral hemispherectomy to control intractable convulsions when he found diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral atrophy at the operating table. The two patients were recovered dramatically after the operation. The first patient became a part of medical campus for 20 years after hemispherectomy, doing chores at the hospital and helping Bo Sung Sim for his teaching neuroanatomy. The presence of the hemispherectomized patient in the classroom impressed the students deeply. Furthermore, the hemispherectomized patient stimulated Sim and his school to perform research upon the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain with hemispherectomized animals.
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PMID:[Cerebral paragonimiasis and Bo Sung Sim's hemispherectomy in Korea in 1950s-1960s]. 2189 72