Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied the intracranial cerebral circulation in 6 patients with bilateral ischaemic lesions of the internal carotid artery in the extracranial segment (2 significant bilateral stenosis cases; 1 case with bilateral thrombosis and 3 cases of unilateral thrombosis and significant contralateral stenosis). All the patients were males, their age being between the 5th and 8th decade. In a single case the neurological examination showed secondary left hemiplegia and recent right paresis of remittent type, while the other 5 patients had only transitory ischaemic attacks with hemiparesis or transitory aphasia. The lesions were revealed by means of duplex system echotomography (Aloka-Hellige Model SSD 630) and spectral analysis of Doppler signal (Vasoscan-Sonicaid) and they were confirmed later by bilateral carotid arteriography in all patients. The intracranial circulation was also followed up by non-invasive methods, making use of spectral-analysis of the Doppler signal with pulsed wave on TC-2 64-B apparatus. The cases studied by us, which present pathogenic situations more rarely encountered, have shown that none of them observed a 'mathematical model' of compensation of blood flow (BF). More exactly, 2 patients with the same type of lesions and topography did not have a unique model of compensation of BF. It seems that both the possibilities of individual self-regulation of cerebral BF and the extracerebral factors, especially those belonging to cardiac activity, are decisive in the compensatory activity of cerebral circulation, while the modalities in which this is accomplished depend chiefly upon the functional condition of the collateral arteries as a whole.
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PMID:Modalities of compensation of cerebral circulation through the circle of Willis in stenoses and occlusions of extracranial arteries. 135 74

This paper presented a case of a right-handed male who showed a right hemiplegia without aphasia and apraxia. He lost the ability to write with the left hand. A 56-year-old right-handed man, who had a daughter of left-handedness, was sent to our hospital with a homonymous hemianopsia, facial weakness, spastic hemiparesis and sensory disturbance in the right side. CT scan revealed an infarction in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery. On a month after the onset, he was alert and oriented. His speech was normal and verbal comprehension was intact. Although he neglected the right side of the page, he could read and comprehend it correctly. In contrast with his normal abilities to speak, comprehend, and read, difficulties in writing were prominent. Spontaneous writing with the left hand was extremely poor, and he even had difficulty writing his own name. His dictation was also poor, but his writing improved with copying letters. Agraphia had seen even after USN was recovered. Analysis of this case suggested the presence of the dominance for speech, comprehension, and praxis in the intact right hemisphere, and writing center in the damaged left hemisphere.
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PMID:["Left unilateral agraphia with right hemiparesis" after occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery]. 141 44

The intracranial cerebral circulation was studied in 6 patients with bilateral ischemic lesions due to lesions of the internal carotid artery in the extracranial segment (2 significant bilateral stenosis cases; 1 case with bilateral thrombosis and 3 cases of unilateral thrombosis and significant controlateral stenosis). All the patients were males their age ranging between the 5th and 8th decades of life. In a single case, the neurological examination showed secondary left hemiplegia and recent right paresis of remittent type whereas the other 5 patients had only transient ischemic attacks with hemiparesis or transient aphasia. The lesions were revealed by duplex system echotomography (Aloka-Hellige Model SSD-630) and spectral analysis of Doppler signal (Vasoscan-Sonicaid) and were later confirmed by bilateral carotid arteriography in all patients. The intracranial circulation was also watched by noninvasive methods using the spectral analysis of the Doppler signal with pulsed wave on TC-2 64-B apparatus. As for the modalities of blood flow compensatory mechanisms by the circle of Willis, it may be noted that in none of the patients investigated did the collateral supply observe a "mathematical model".
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PMID:Modalities of collateral supply of cerebral circulation through the circle of Willis in stenoses and occlusions of extracranial carotid arteries. 163 3

A four-year-old child was admitted to hospital with an infarct of the right middle cerebral artery involving the frontoparietal area. His symptoms included left hemiplegia and aphasia. After two weeks, he had hemiparesis, word-finding and naming problems and enuresis. A year later he demonstrated elective mutism at school, had attention and short-term memory impairments, occasional enuresis and an average IQ. He was shy and withdrawn; this is interesting, since depression is usually associated with left-hemispheric lesions. It is suggested that an early period of mutism should be included among the criteria for the study of crossed aphasia in children, as this is a common occurrence in such cases. Even after recovery of speech, impairments in attention and academic skills may persist.
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PMID:Crossed aphasia in early childhood. 169 99

Thirty eight cases of moyamoa disease, 21 children, 17 adults were encountered during a 16-year period at Yonsei University Medical Center. Clinical manifestations, together with computed tomography (CT) and angiographic findings were analyzed with a review of the literature. The mean age was 6.3 +/- 3.5 years in children and 36.8 +/- 9.9 years in adults. The majority of attacks occurred in spring in both adults and children. The most common chief complaint on admission was hemiparesis followed by convulsion in children, while in adults, loss of consciousness was most common followed by headache. Of transient neurologic deficits, hemiplegia was most common in children, while cranial nerve involvement was common in adults. Hemiplegia, also was the most common permanent neurologic manifestation in children, while hemiparesis and intellectual deterioration were the most common in adults. Of the children, 90.6% showed infarction on CT, while 88.2% of adults had hemorrhage. Bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries was the most common site of lesions in both adults and children on cerebral angiogaphy.
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PMID:Moyamoya disease in Korea. 178 Nov 86

Paraparesis (paraplegia) refers to partial (-paresis) or complete (-plegia) loss of voluntary motor function in the pelvic limbs. Similar involvement of all four limbs is termed tetraparesis (tetraplegia). Paraparesis generally results from spinal cord lesions caudad to the second thoracic spinal cord segment, whereas tetraparesis occurs because of lesions craniad to this segment (see discussion of spinal cord lesion localization in The Neurologic Examination and Lesion Localization, on page 328). The limbs may be affected equally; however, asymmetric lesions cause greater clinical involvement on the ipsilateral side. Strictly unilateral lesions at C1-T2 result in clinical involvement on only the affected side of the body (hemiparesis, hemiplegia). Monoparesis (monoplegia) occurs subsequent to unilateral T2-S1 lesions. Trauma and neoplasia are the most common spinal cord diseases affecting cats. Urinary and fecal incontinence often occur concomitant with paresis. General concepts relating to disorders of micturition are discussed at the conclusion of this chapter.
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PMID:Paraparesis (paraplegia), tetraparesis (tetraplegia), urinary/fecal incontinence. Spinal cord diseases. 180 59

Three cases of anterior choroidal artery territorial infarction, diagnosed by computerized tomography, with the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia, pure motor stroke and ataxic hemiparesis are described. Major and minor (lacular) infarctions in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery involve almost exclusively the basal segment of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and manifest themselves by symptoms of long pathway lesion. Based on the published case reports and the authors' own observations, the complete capsular syndrome characterized by the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia was differentiated from partial capsular syndromes including the following forms: pure motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, sensorimotor stroke, sensory stroke with hemiataxia, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria and/or clumsy hand, and homonymous hemianopia (quadrantanopia or sectoranopia). The characteristic features of the above types of capsular syndromes were analyzed. Distant symptoms of territorial infarctions involving the anterior choroidal artery are transcortical sensory or motor aphasias and construction apraxia in the dominant hemisphere, left side perception failure and visual-construction apraxia in the non-dominant hemisphere, and cerebellar hemiataxia. These distant symptoms are a manifestation of distant cortical or cerebellar metabolic depression due to the mechanism of diaschisis.
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PMID:[Anterior choroidal artery syndromes]. 180 18

A rare case of ischemic stroke related to Herpes zoster infection of the eye and documented arteritis in an HIV-positive patient is analyzed. The woman, aged 32, who was born in Angola and lived in Zaire, was diagnoses at the Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria, Lisbon. She presented with a 5-month history of sudden hemiplegia, 4 months after onset of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Among extensive diagnosis tests, she was positive for HIV by ELISA and Western blot, hepatomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. She has left Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with ptosis bulbi and mottled discoloration of the skin over the distribution of the 1st division of the left trigeminal nerve, and right spastic hemiparesis. Her helper T-cell count was 952/cubic mm, and her T-cell ratio was 0.9. She had anemia, hypoalbuminemia, positive serology for cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, Epstein Barr virus, and hepatitis B. She had no bacterial infections, but her stool contained Trichuris trichiura eggs and giardia lamblia cysts. Her cardiovascular system and cerebrovascular fluid were negative. Computed tomography of the head showed an old left capsular infarct. Cerebral angiography showed arteritis of the left choroidal artery with occlusion. She was treated with metronidazole and mebendazole, and had surgery for removal of the left eye with a prosthetic replacement. Strokes are common in AIDS patients, resulting from fungal infections, endocarditis, infectious or non-infectious emboli, or arteritis from herpes zoster infections. This is the 1st published case of hemiplegia and Herpes zoster in a European or African patient with HIV-1.
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PMID:Herpes zoster and controlateral hemiplegia in an African patient infected with HIV-1. 186 23

Sensorimotor functions were examined in a patient with left-sided infantile hemiparesis who underwent hemispherectomy (HS) on the right side at age 18 for intractable epilepsy. Pathological examination of the removed hemisphere showed a porencephalic cyst of the temporal lobe and of the frontoparietal operculum. On examination, the patient had hemianopia to the left and sensorimotor deficits only of the distal limbs contralateral to the HS. She walked with a barely perceptible limp. Axial and proximal movements were quasi normal, so that the patient could fully elevate both arms, flex and extend the forearm with nearly normal power and execute small, isolated precision movements of the arm around the shoulder joint. This astonishing proximal motor repertoire was mimicked on the somatosensory side where cutaneous sensation and kinesthesia were normal above the elbow and knee and contrasted the pronounced distal sensorimotor dysfunctions. Movement analysis by means of an optoelectronic two-camera position analysis system (Selspot II) showed normal flexion-extension synergies during gait, but abnormal synergic coupling between the shoulder and elbow joint during reaching and prehension. Distal movements were still possible but could only be performed as rigidly coupled movement synergies, such as closing and opening of the fist along with arm adduction/flexion or abduction/extension. She could engage these synergies for grasping and holding large objects. The performance of individual, fractionated finger movements was impossible. Involuntary mirror movements were elicited in both the affected and the normal arm, but with distinctly different phase relationships, indicating that different circuitries contribute to their generation. The case study reveals the existence of a bilaterally organized sensorimotor system that has the potential to provide quasi normal performance of the axial-proximal body parts on both sides. This raises the question why this potential cannot be better used in cases with only partial unilateral brain damage and persistent hemiplegia.
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PMID:Residual sensorimotor functions in a patient after right-sided hemispherectomy. 190 15

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is an unusual disorder characterized by early onset (occurring before 18 months of age); repeated attacks of hemiplegia involving both sides of the body; other paroxysmal phenomena, such as tonic stiffening, dystonic posturing, choreoathetoid movements, ocular motor abnormalities, and autonomic disturbances, in association with bouts of hemiplegia or occurring independently; and evidence of mental or neurologic deficits. A girl was examined because of left hemiplegia at the age of 16 months. The patient had begun exhibiting episodes of alternating hemiplegia at approximately 4 months of age. They consisted of tonic stiffening and dystonia of the right or left extremities, lasting from 30 min to several hours and followed by residual hemiparesis. They were invariably accompanied by ocular motor abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and angiography all were normal. Single proton emission computed tomography brain images during an acute episode of right hemiplegia demonstrated hypoperfusion of the left cerebral hemisphere. Following improvement of the hemiplegia, the patient was re-evaluated. The uptake of the radiotracer in the left hemisphere was increased. The scan did not demonstrate significant asymmetry in cerebral perfusion.
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PMID:123I-iodoamphetamine SPECT brain imaging in alternating hemiplegia. 190 36


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