Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have recently shown that long-term, but not acute, treatment with lithium robustly protects cultured CNS neurons against excitotoxicity mediated by NMDA receptors. Since NMDA receptor over-excitation has been strongly implicated in the ischemic brain injury, we examined the effects of chronic lithium treatment on neurological deficit and brain infarct induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery in rats. Subcutaneous injection of LiCl for 16 days significantly improved neurological deficits, including abnormal posture and hemiplegia, measured 24 h after artery occlusion. Importantly, the size of ischemic infarct was reduced by 56% after lithium pretreatment. These results raise the possibility that lithium may be useful for reducing focal ischemia-induced brain damage and neurological abnormalities.
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PMID:Neuroprotective effects of chronic lithium on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. 967 97

The authors provide an extensive review of new data related to the role of glutamate in CNS disorders, describing new aspects in glutamate and glutamatergic receptors-NMDA receptors, NR2B-selective antagonists, non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, and glutamate and glycine transporters. New findings in animal models and in human diseases-stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, tardive dyskinesia, ALS, olivopontcerebellar degeneration, AIDS, allergic encephalomyelitis, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, liver disease, aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced hearing loss, hemiplegia, chronic pain and drug tolerance and abuse-are presented. Finally, the authors cite the progress achieved in the development of agents that interact with the glutamatergic system: NMDA channel blockers, competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, NR2B-selective antagonists, glutamate release inhibitors, glycineB antagonists, AMPA and kainate receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor-positive modulators and agents that act by modifying endogenous kynurenic acid metabolism.
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PMID:Glutamate in CNS disorders as a target for drug development: an update. 1561 69