Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is an uncommon but severe disease with high mortality and morbidity. The major clinical manifestations are deteriorating consciousness with confusion, drowsiness or coma, altered behaviour, convulsions and a variety of neurological signs (hemiplegia, aphasia, ataxia, etc.). An uncommon complication of HSE is Kluver Bucy syndrome (KBS), characterized by hyperorality, bulimia and changes in emotional behaviour. Neuroimaging studies frequently show an involvement of the temporal lobes and limbic areas. Another uncommon complication of HSE is central diabetes insipidus as a result of herpes simplex infection of the hypothalamus. We report two pediatric cases of HSE complicated with Kluver Bucy syndrome and central diabetes insipidus.
 ...
PMID:[Kluver Bucy syndrome and central diabetes insipidus: two uncommon complications of herpes simplex encephalitis]. 1527 70

Ancient and medieval literature contain few case reports of specific syndromes. But there is no lack of such accounts in theological literature, with its long tradition of gathering and documenting individual case studies involving miracle cures--a practice which stretches from the ancient sanctuaries of Asclepius to today's places of pilgrimage. Among the many miracles attributed to St. Francis, complied around 1260 by his biographer, St. Bonaventura, is the case of a young monk afflicted by a sudden hemiplegia accompanied by aphasia and mental confusion. According to legend, he was miraculously and completely healed by the appearance of St. Francis. The report can be interpreted from a number of different approaches: medical, theological, literary or even autobiographical. Neurologists may treat this "case history" as an early description of a "prolonged ischaemic neurological deficit" (PRIND).
 ...
PMID:[A report of St. Bonaventura in the mirror of the history of neurology]. 1563 Aug 6

The psychopathology of stroke encompasses several psychiatric and behavioral disorders that have high prevalence in the geriatric population, reduce the patient autonomy and increase the caregiver's burden. These disorders are usually associated with other cognitive and neurological deficits, and are labelled as neuropsychiatric when the whole clinical picture is consistent with the specific dysfunction of a neural system or brain region. Thus the neuropsychiatry of stroke comprises disorders of the perception/identification of the self and the environment (anosognosia of hemiplegia, misidentification syndromes, confabulations, visual hallucinations, delirium and acute confusional state), amotivational syndromes (apathy and athymhormia), disorders of emotional reactivity (blunted affect, emotional incontinence, irritability, catastrophic reactions), poor impulse or ideation control (mania) and personality changes. The clinical profile of the subcortical vascular dementia also points to specific brain dysfunction (frontal-subcortical pathways) that manifests with behavioral (depression, emotionalism, irritability) and cognitive symptoms (psychomotor retardation, attention, executive and memory deficits). However, post-stroke depression and anxiety, which have a more variable clinical presentation and might be assimilated, for several aspects, to post-traumatic or adaptive disorders, are disorders less characterized in their neural correlates.
 ...
PMID:[Psychopathology of stroke]. 1631 15

Prolonged hemiparetic migraine aura can cause diagnostic confusion and be mistaken for ischaemic stroke occurring during the course of a migraine--'migrainous infarction'. We report a case of prolonged hemiparesis occurring during the course of a migraine attack. Though initially confused with migrainous infarction, we suggest with sequential magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, diffusion, perfusion images and magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the hemiplegia was not of vascular origin and that the patient had sporadic hemiplegic migraine. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of sporadic hemiplegic migraine probably lie at a cellular level, similiar to familial hemiplegic migraine.
 ...
PMID:Imaging abnormalities in sporadic hemiplegic migraine on conventional MRI, diffusion and perfusion MRI and MRS. 1688 37

The cases of a child and an adolescent in whom internal-carotid-artery thrombosis followed non-penetrating trauma to the paratonsillar area from objects held in the mouth are reported, and are discussed together with 10 similar cases collected from the literature. Although the incidence of this complication of an accident almost unique to childhood is unknown, 2 out of 15 children in a consecutive series with acute hemiplegia had a history of such trauma. This suggests that specific inquiry concerning such injuries should be made in any child with an acute, focal neurologic lesion. Physicians seeing patients with paratonsillar injuries should be aware that neurologic complications may ensue. As a rule, there is a period of up to twenty-four hours from the time of injury to the onset of neurologic symptoms; this may cause confusion with an intracranial hematoma in patients with a history of prior or associated head injuries. The diagnosis of internal-carotid-artery occlusion can be proved clinically only by angiography, which should be performed before therapy is undertaken. One third of the children with internal-carotid-artery occlusion after intraoral trauma died; the constant pathological finding was extension of the thrombus distally into the major intracranial arteries, with massive infarction of the hemisphere. A theory of the pathogenesis of occlusion of the internal carotid artery after nonpenetrating trauma is presented. A plan of therapy based on this hypothesis is considered.
 ...
PMID:Carotid thrombosis due to intraoral trauma. An unusual complication of a common childhood accident. 1792 91

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare variety of migraine with aura characterized by the presence of a motor weakness during the aura. Hemiplegic migraine has two main forms according to the familial history: patients with at least one first- or second-degree relative who has aura including motor weakness have familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM); patients without such familial history have sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM). The prevalence of HM is one in 10,000 with FHM and SHM being equally frequent. Typical HM attacks include a motor weakness that is always associated with other aura symptoms, the most frequent being sensory, visual and speech disorders. In addition, basilar-type symptoms occur in up to 70% of the patients. Severe attacks may occur in FHM as well as in SHM with prolonged hemiplegia, confusion, coma, fever and seizures. The clinical spectrum also includes permanent cerebellar signs (nystagmus, ataxia, dysarthria) and less frequently various types of seizures and intellectual deficiency. FHM is the only variety of the autosomal dominant migraine and all three know genes encode ion-transporters. A genetic diagnosis is now possible by screening the three known genes involved in FHM (CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCNA1). Prognosis is usually good. Treatment is similar to approaches used in other varieties of migraine with aura, excepted for triptans that are contraindicated in MHF/MHS. Based on new pathophysiological insight, preventive treatments by various antiepileptic agents seem promising.
 ...
PMID:[Familial and sporadic hemiplegic migraine]. 1840 71

An association between hemiplegic migraine (HM) and episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) has been described; both disorders are linked to mutations in the CACNA1A gene. Although confusion occurs in 21% of patients with HM, we found only one case in the literature of confusional episodes associated with ataxia without hemiplegia. These findings raise the possibility of confusional episodes being part of both the HM and EA2 phenotype. However, a patient with episodic ataxia, confusional spells and CACNA1A gene mutations has not been identified. We describe four individuals, spanning three generations of a family, with episodic ataxia without hemiplegia and confusion, in association with a CACNA1A mutation. We follow with a description of the relationship between the CACNA1A mutations and the three syndromes, suggesting a potential need for a new classification in which the conditions can be subsumed.
 ...
PMID:Link between confusional migraine, hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type 2: hypothesis, family genealogy, gene typing and classification. 1962 85

Moyamoya disease is the angiographic diagnosis of a clinical syndrome showing bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries and their major branches with extensive parenchymal, leptomeningeal, or transdural anastomoses. The clinical features normally present as reversible ischemic neurologic deficits, sensory-motor attacks with acute hemiplegia, and motor convulsion. An acute confusional state (ACS) among hospitalized patients is a frequent and serious problem. It is characterized by an acute neurologic deficit with a fluctuating course of impaired attention span, unorganized thinking, and altered levels of consciousness. We report a case of 66-year-old woman who presented with an ACS in the emergency department. The subsequent workups including a neuroradiological examination revealed a rare case of moyamoya disease with bifrontal ischemic infarction. The recognition of an ACS as a manifestation of moyamoya disease should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients who present with an acutely altered neuropsychiatric state. A prompt diagnosis may help to select the most appropriate therapy for this rare disorder especially in elderly patients.
 ...
PMID:Moyamoya disease presenting with an acute confusional state in an elderly patient. 2043 55

Buchwald (1878 ) used the term 'mirror writing' to indicate writing in the reverse direction to what is normal in a particular language and in which the individual letters are also reversed. Cases of healthy individuals (i.e., Leonardo da Vinci and Lewis Carroll) as well as brain-damaged patients have been described in the literature. Here, we report the case of PM, a 70-year-old right-handed woman who showed right hemiplegia and mirror writing following a stroke in the left lenticular nucleus and internal capsulae. PM underwent a complete neuropsychological evaluation, which included copying, dictation and spontaneous writing in both hemispaces with both hands. She was also tested for topographical disorientation, visuo-spatial disorders and body schema deficits. We observed isolated mirror writing only when PM wrote with the left hand, without differences between hemispaces. She also showed a left-right disorientation, a body topological map disorder and an egocentric misrepresentation. The presence of mirror writing not confined to one hemispace and the co-presence of executive function disorders, as well as anosognosia, suggests damage to our patient's sub-cortical frontal network. As no previous interpretation fits with PM's symptoms, we hypothesize that mirror writing resulted from damage to her egocentric frame of reference. This hypothesis allows us to interpret the patient's array of disorders, including mirror writing, body topological map disorder, left-right confusion and egocentric representation.
 ...
PMID:Mirror writing resulting from an egocentric representation disorder: a case report. 2183 Aug 64

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an endemic disease in Taiwan. After the program to vaccinate children against JE was implemented in 1968, the incidence of JE gradually started to decrease, but it is still an important infectious disease here. Neurological manifestations in JE vary highly during the initial stage of the disease. Focal neurological symptoms, such as hemiplegia, are rarely reported. A 46-year-old male with the initial presentation of abrupt hemiplegia and fever developed mental confusion after 1 day. No bacterial pathogen was isolated from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A diagnosis of JE was confirmed based on the presence of JE virus-specific immunoglobulin M in the CSF and serum samples. It is necessary to consider JE when a patient presents with abrupt hemiplegia with fever followed with mental confusion and seizure, especially if the patient comes from a JE-endemic area.
 ...
PMID:Japanese viral encephalitis mimicking stroke with an initial manifestation of hemiplegia. 2215 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>