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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although primary varicella-associated central nervous system complications and herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed hemiplegia are well known, and chickenpox is a common infection, cerebral vasculopathy associated with chickenpox has only been described recently. We report the case of an 18-month-old girl who developed a right hemiplegia 10 days after the onset of a primary varicella infection. She has the shortest latent interval in the literature. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggest an infarction involving the left putamen and internal capsule. Magnetic resonance angiography is normal. Possible causes of acute infantile hemiplegia are excluded. Neurologic signs gradually improve without any specific treatment. A review of the literature is also presented.
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PMID:Acute childhood hemiplegia associated with chickenpox. 956 25

We report a 4-year-old child who developed hemiplegia 6 months after varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Cerebral angiography showed complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery with basal moyamoya vessels. Elevation of anti-VZV antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid indicated central nervous system involvement. The association between VZV cerebral angitis and unilateral occlusion of right middle cerebral artery is discussed.
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PMID:Unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery after varicella-zoster virus infection. 1189 Nov 3

We report a previously well 14-year-old male who developed left-sided hemiconvulsion, urinary retention and hemiplegia 1 months after varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Brain T2-weighted MRI showed hyperintensity in medial fronto-parietal area including cyngulate gyrus, foot division of the motor cortex, para-central lobule and corpus callosum with right predominance, which corresponded to hyperperfusion area in SPECT study. MR angiography revealed no occlusion or narrowing of vessels. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed mononuclear pleocytosis. After methylprednisolone pulse tharapy under diagnosis of regional encephalitis, the patient recovered completely. Although polymerase chain reaction(PCR) could not detect VZV-DNA in CSF, antecedent VZV infection might be closely related to pathomechanism of the regional encephalitis. Dramatic response to steroid, rapid recovery on MRI and good prognosis supported that the underlying pathology was mainly vasogenic edema rather than cytotoxic edema.
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PMID:[Dramatic improvement of urinary retention and the left lower limb paresis with methylprednisolone in a case of regional encephalitis following varicella zoster infection]. 1523 26

A 2(8/12)-year old boy suffered from hemiplegia secondary to a post-varicella arteriopathy. His clinical status improved and after 4 years of follow-up he had no recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack. Regular improvement of arterial lesions, demonstated by serial transcranial Doppler investigations, excluded a progressive arteriopathy. Aspirin therapy was initiated and continued during 2,5 years. Transcranial Doppler is a portable, non-invasive tool that can be easily used on a regular basis to follow-up children with post-varicella arteriopathy.
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PMID:Post-varicella arteriopathy: benefits of using serial transcranial Doppler examinations. 1676 21

Chickenpox is a common infection of childhood. Central nervous system complications, such as cerebellar ataxia and meningoencephalitis, are estimated to occur in less than 1% of cases of chickenpox. Although transverse myelitis and hemiplegia have also, although rarely, been reported, hemiplegia associated with chickenpox and elevated anticardiolipin antibody has not been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 2.5-year-old boy who developed a right hemiplegia 3 weeks after the onset of a primary varicella infection. The serum level of anticardiolipin antibody IgG was markedly elevated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an infarction involving the left globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and posterior leg of the internal capsule. Laboratory studies ruled out all known causes of stroke. Neurologic signs and symptoms slowly improved with supportive treatment. Varicella infection should be considered one of the possible causes of acute ischemic strokes in children. Usually, two or more risk factors are detected in children with ischemic strokes, and we suggest that all possible causes of strokes be investigated in children with ischemic strokes.
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PMID:Acute childhood hemiplegia associated with chickenpox and elevated anticardiolipin antibody. 1700 7

Varicella is largely a childhood disease, with more than 90% of cases occurring in children younger than 10 years. The primary infection is characterized by generalized vesicular dermal exanthemas, which are extremely contagious. Secondary bacterial infection and varicella pneumonia, usually seen in the immunocompromised or adult populations, may have high morbidity and mortality. Varicella in childhood is a generally benign and self-limited disorder; however, severe, life-threatening neurological complications may occur. We report a previously healthy eight-year-old boy who presented with acute hemiplegia and obsessive-compulsive disorder secondary to a lesion in lentiform nuclei associated with a history of recent varicella infection. The child was treated with sertraline for obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and made a full recovery.
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PMID:Cerebral vasculitis and obsessive-compulsive disorder following varicella infection in childhood. 1937 96

We report acute encephalopathy in two cases with severe congenital hydrocephalus. Case 1 was a 23-month-old girl, born at of 36weeks gestation and delivered by cesarean section due to congenital hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent ventricular dilation associated with hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker variant and cortical malformation. The blood test for toxoplasmosis, syphilis, varicella-zoster, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) complex and various metabolic tests of blood and urine specimens yielded unremarkable results. She was admitted to our hospital for respiratory failure with fever and her clinical course deteriorated, progressing to hemiconvulsion hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome. Case 2 was a 17-month-old boy, born by spontaneous vertex delivery at 39weeks. Severe, asymmetrical ventricular dilation associated with hydrocephalus, cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia, and punctuate calcifications of the thalamus, third and fourth ventricles, around the aqueduct, were observed on computed tomography (CT). The blood test for TORCH complex and various metabolic tests of blood and urine specimens yielded unremarkable results. He was admitted to our hospital for status epilepticus with fever and his clinical course progressed to hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome. In patients with brain disorders, diagnosis and treatment are likely to be delayed and prognosis may thereby be worsened. When status epileptics or prolonged coma manifests even in patients with severe brain disorders, we must consider encephalopathy in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute encephalopathy in two cases with severe congenital hydrocephalus. 2109 88

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-induced vasculopathy is an uncommon cause of stroke in a young immunocompetent host. Owing to scarcity of data of VZV-induced vasculopathy and lack of awareness about this condition and its diagnostic test, these cases may be easily missed. In this case, we report an immunocompetent host presenting right-side hemiplegia with motor aphasia and complete loss of vision in the left eye due to complete occlusion of the left common carotid artery without any history of skin rash preceding stroke. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for varicella antibody revealed very high titres and CT aortogram demonstrated aortoarteritis with occlusion of left common carotid artery. To our knowledge, varicella zoster vasculopathy-associated aortoarteritis has not been described in the literature.
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PMID:Extensive extracranial and intracranial Varicella zoster vasculopathy. 2301 Apr 63

A HIV-positive child presented with acute onset of right hemiplegia, facial palsy and dysphasia 4 weeks after commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a left-sided cerebral infarct. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for varicella zoster virus. This is the first reported pediatric case of varicella zoster virus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the central nervous system.
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PMID:Varicella zoster virus central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome presenting in a child. 2414 1

Cerebral vasculopathy is a serious but uncommon complication of varicella-zoster-virus (VZV) infection. Diagnosis is based on a recent history of VZV infection, signs and symptoms of transient ischemic attack or stroke, and vascular anomalies on neuroimaging. We report a case of postvaricella cerebral angiopathy in a 5-year-old child, who was admitted after three episodes of transient right hemiplegia, each one lasting a few minutes. He had contracted chicken pox, the month prior to admission. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense signals in the left lenticular and caudate nuclei, which can be considered to be a result of vasculopathy.
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PMID:A case of postvaricella cerebral angiopathy with a good outcome in a child. 2616 23


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