Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemiplegic cerebral palsy is appearing as the commonest cerebral palsy syndrome found at the Yorkshire Regional Child Development Centre, Leeds, and in the majority of cases does not follow a definable perinatal injury. As a practical consequence of this changing pattern of cerebral palsy a large proportion of these children will now be detected at 'well baby' clinics rather than at hospital neonatal 'at risk' clinics. As lack of awareness of the signs of cerebral palsy in the young infant lead to delay in detection and management, the early signs of congenital hemiplegia are discussed.
 ...
PMID:A changing pattern of cerebral palsy and its implications for the early detection of motor disorders in children. 664 Aug 49

In twenty-three patients with cerebral palsy and functional spastic hemiplegia, the contracted thenar-adductor space of the involved hand was evaluated by electromyography. The needle electromyogram was used to determine if the patient had selective control of the adductor muscle. In eight patients only partial myotomy of the adductor muscle during z-plasty of the web was performed because selective control of that muscle was present during either grasp or release. In four patients a complete release was done, and in two of them the ability to pinch was impaired.
 ...
PMID:Adduction contracture of the thumb in cerebral palsy. A preoperative electromyographic study. 686 57

In collaboration with the College of Engineering the author has developed a laboratory, or clinic, based, battery operated "universal" control system, designed to improve disabled gait in upper motor neuron disabilities, especially stroke, hemiplegia, and cerebral palsy, by applying several channels of FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) to the lower limb muscles while the patient is walking. The timing of the FES pulses, which can be applied to as many as six of the patient's muscles, is determined by potentiometer controlled one-shot timers, which are triggered by any of three switches in the sole of either shoe. Combinations of inverters, flip flops, AND gates and OR gates in the externally connected logic circuits determine the sequence of delays and pulses applied to the patient's muscles. This paper describes and diagrams some of the logic circuits and as an example of the possible application of the concept of a "universal" control unit reports the modifications of gait induced in a hemiplegic, four year post-stroke, patient. The characteristics of this patient's gait with FES in comparison to its characteristics without FES are demonstrated with motion picture frames, EMG recordings and graphic tracings of her right knee and ankle joint positions. They include more symmetrical timing of her right and left stance and swing phases, increased dorsiflexion of her right ankle in the swing phase, followed by a more distinct heel strike, and improved flexion--extension sequences of the knee and ankle joints and an increased heel rise in the stance phase. The author concludes that the gait characteristics of some hemiplegic patients will improve as they become adapted over a period of weeks or months to a control logic, which lessens their functional limitations by the use of a properly timed and amplified sequence of FES pulses. He suggests that the FES control requirements for individual patients should be determined experimentally with a control system "universally" adaptable to a wide range of disabilities, and that these control parameters could then determine the design of portable units, which may be used on a long term basis. These units would include only the operational options needed to duplicate the gait corrections found to be practicable for each individual patient, by the testing procedure, through a universal logic unit as described in this paper.
 ...
PMID:Development of a universal control unit for functional electrical stimulation (FES). 698 99

Cerebral blood flow assessed noninvasively by Doppler ultrasound technique in 30 children with cerebral palsy. The average maximal blood velocity (A/L) and end-diastolic blood velocity (d) of internal carotid artery were measured before and during brief digital compression of contralateral common carotid artery. Both A/L and d values in children with cerebral palsy were significantly lower than those observed in normal healthy children. In 13 children with spastic hemiplegia, no significant difference in either A/L or d was seen between the non-affected side and affected side both before and during brief digital compression. This data suggests that mean cerebral blood flow decreases in our children with cerebral palsy, and that no lateralization of the decrease in hemispheric cerebral circulation in hemiplegic children may explain by supposing the existence of generalized bilateral brain damage in those subjects.
 ...
PMID:Internal carotid blood flow velocity in children with cerebral palsy by Doppler Ultrasound method. 706 74

Eighty-three children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) were examined with cranial CT. In 56 cases the CT findings were abnormal. The most frequent abnormality was atrophy, present in 44 patients. The frequency of pathologic CT increased with severity of the CP. Patients with CP of postnatal aetiology more often had abnormal CT than patients with other known causes. Pathologic CT findings were seen more often in patients with seizures than in patients without. Infarctions and hemiatrophy were much more frequent in patients with hemiplegia than in patients with other types of spastic CP. A special kind of central atrophy, called isolated atrophy around in the cella media, is described. This condition was seen in 20% of cases, most often in hemi- and paraplegic patients. Early infarctions in the border areas between the vascular territories of the internal carotid and the posterior cerebral artery may be the reason for this kind of atrophy.
 ...
PMID:Computed tomography in spastic cerebral palsy. 712 22

Anterior transfer of the long toe flexors was carried out for the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot deformity in both adults and children. Adults included those with hemiplegia subsequent to a stroke, spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy and spastic spinal paraplegia. Most of the children had cerebral palsy. The transfer was indicated for an equinovarus foot with persistent activity of the toe flexors, which produced curling of the toes in the swing phase of the gait or a fixed hammer toe deformity. Fifty six patients were followed up for more than four years. In all cases correction of the equinovarus deformity was achieved and maintained. With satisfactory correction stability of the ankle improved, postural abnormalities during gait decreased and bracing was not required. This study demonstrates the advantage of the long toe flexors for muscle transfer in these patients. The length of tendon available permitted easy transfer to the metatarsal. The defunctioning of the spastic muscles allowed gait improvement and function of the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior was preserved.
 ...
PMID:Anterior transfer of the toe flexors for equinovarus deformity of the foot. 720 38

The postural defects of cerebral palsy children arising at heel contact during ambulation result, in many cases, in considerable initial vertical loads. These, in turn, lead to unfavorable motor patterns, a high degree of joint load, and undesirable spinal movements. An acoustic feedback system aimed at improving the motor process was developed; this turns vertical loads arising during ambulation into sounds, enabling thus to control a motor learning process. A KISTLER measuring platform was used as measuring instrument; this instrument translates vertical forces into a sequence of tones via a tone generator. In a series of experiments, the children with motor disorders learned to perform consciously a heel contact and toe off pattern which is checked and controlled through the use of tones and acoustic feedback. The aim is to achieve a slow increase in power at heel contact, a graduated power peak, and a well defined floor contact phase. The computation of the test using a 2 x 3 x 3 factor variance analysis showed a highly significant reduction in load increase not only in children with hemiplegia but also in those with diplegia. The most important findings was the fact that all the children were capable of practising a complex motor process controlled by an external feedback system and to compensate accordingly. In addition, at the end of the test, the children were in a position to reproduce alternatively the various motor patterns, and were thus able to distinguish between joint-loading and joint-relieving heel contact and toe off pattern. Moreover, the children's considerable motivation to practise on the 'sound plate' represented a substantial therapeutic aid.
 ...
PMID:[Feedback therapy for improving heel contact and toe off motion during ambulation (author's transl)]. 720 49

Eighty infants with cerebral palsy including monoplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, choreoathetosis, hypotonia with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia, underwent Computed Cranial Tomography (CCT). Specific morphological anomalies such as ventricular dilatation with or without diverticulum, cortical atrophy, low density areas and calcifications, occur with varying frequency in each clinical groups. There exists a good correlation between the pathogenesis of the lesions, clinical data and CCT pictures.
 ...
PMID:Cranial computerized tomography in cerebral palsy. An attempt at anatomo-clinical and radiological correlations. 720 4

Electromyographic biofeedback training was used to facilitate finger and wrist extension movements in a mentally retarded individual with spastic hemiplegia. The client was a 29-year-old woman with profound mental retardation and cerebral palsy as a result of postnatal meningitis. During treatment, the client demonstrated a short attention span, lack of motivation, low frustration tolerance, and increased spasticity in her left hand. The client was able to hyperextend her fingers following finger extension training, although goniometric measurements showed a marked degree of wrist flexion and wrist ulnar deviation. Therefore, training was implemented to develop wrist extension movements. Biofeedback therapy resulted in a substantial increase in active wrist extension and a marked reduction in wrist ulnar deviation.
 ...
PMID:EMG biofeedback training for a mentally retarded individual with cerebral palsy. 728 26

During the last 15 years surgical interventions on the hands of 47 patients with cerebral palsy were performed. Most suffered from hemiplegia. Electromyographic analysis of arm- hand function showed 1. Decrease in maximal activity 2. Impulse irradiation preferably to flexor muscles 3. Associated activation of the affected contralateral limb 4. Identical patterns of activity in flexion or extension intentions 5. Occasionally reflex activity surmounts voluntary activity 6. Tendency towards tonic activation. By questionnaires the patients were asked to report their own impressions on the results of surgery as to function and appearance of the operated limb. In 30 replies 22 patients reported good results in appearance as well as in function and felt the procedure recommendable. Another 7 patients rated the result as fair, with partial improvement of appearance, without functional deterioration. The only patient who felt his condition worse suffered from epileptic disorder and related increase of spasticity with deterioration of gait to hand surgery, which, however, was without realistic grounds. It is concluded that corrective surgery in the hands of cerebral palsied patients may be fairly rewarding.
 ...
PMID:[Orthopedic surgery of the hand in patients with cerebral palsy (author's transl)]. 742 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>