Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical pattern and etiology of 544 cases of cerebral palsy were studied retrospectively. Of these cases, 354 (65.1%) were males. Four hundred and ninety seven (91.4%) cases were of spastic type. Hypotonic, ataxic and athetoid cerebral palsy were observed in 5.5, 1.5 and 1.3% cases, respectively. There was one case each of tremor and mixed type. In the spastic group, quadriplegia comprised the maximum number of cases (34.9%). Hemiplegia (28.7%) and diplegia (21.9) were also common. Mental retardation was found in 47.2%, while speech impairment was observed in 37% cases. Other handicaps included visual (9%), seizures (8.8%), and auditory handicap (2.9%). The etiological factors were prenatal in 7.7% cases, natal in 43.8% cases and postnatal in 26.1% cases. More than one etiological factor was observed in 14.5% cases, while in 7.9% cases, no apparent cause could be found.
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PMID:Cerebral palsy. 807 18

The effect of four to six months use of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) and balance training was determined for six children with cerebral palsy. The six consecutively referred patients had spastic diplegia or hemiplegia, with hyperextension of the knee, and had accurate voluntary control of the trunk and hips. Fixed AFOs were adjusted to control the position of the ground reaction force in relation to the knees. Balance training was targeted to the knees. All children showed a decrease in the magnitude of the knee-extending moment arm toward normal when barefoot. Improvement was noted in foot-ground contact for three children and of stance-phase posture for three. These improvements were not related to range of motion or speed, and a motor learning effect is proposed. The value of monitoring the moment arm is emphasised.
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PMID:Improvement in walking performance of children with cerebral palsy: preliminary results. 151 92

Three children with clinical evidence of cerebral palsy (CP) and normal cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify CT-undetectable white matter lesions in the watershed zones of arterial territories. The two patients with spastic diplegia showed bilateral lesions either in the subcortical regions or in the occipital periventricular regions. The patient with congenital hemiplegia exhibited unilateral lesions in the periventricular region. We conclude that MRI is more informative than CT for the evaluation of patients with CP.
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PMID:MRI of patients with cerebral palsy and normal CT scan. 155 38

We re-examined 371 infants with birth weights less than 1501 g at a corrected age of 18-20 months. This sample amounted to 91% of such infants admitted to one of the six neonatal intensive care units in Hamburg between July 1983 and 1986. The neurological examination and a developmental evaluation using the Griffith Developmental Scale revealed higher rates of abnormalities than in most other studies. Fifty-five children (14.8%) suffered from cerebral palsy, classified in 45 as spastic diplegia, in 5 as spastic tetraplegia, in 1 as spastic hemiplegia and in 4 as dystonia. Of the children, 41 (11%) showed minor neurological deviations (hyperactivity, clumsiness, intention tremor). The development of 30 children (8%) without neurological abnormalities was moderately retarded (DQ 80-89, corrected for gestational age [GA]). Nineteen children (5%) were severely retarded (DQ less than 80, corrected for GA) and four children (1.5%) were blind due to retrolental fibroplasia. An isolated delay of speech development was found in 5 children. Seventy children (18.9%) had a major and 87 children (23.5%) a minor handicap.
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PMID:Development of very low birth weight infants: a regional study of 371 survivors. 172 Mar 87

Twenty-three children with 4 clinical subtypes of cerebral palsy were studied using 2-deoxy-2(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). Subtypes included spastic quadriparesis (N = 6), spastic diplegia (N = 4), infantile hemiplegia (N = 8), and choreoathetosis (N = 5). FDG-PET images were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Although the location of glucose metabolic abnormalities corresponded, in general, to abnormalities of brain structure demonstrated by structural imaging studies, the distribution of metabolic impairment almost invariably extended beyond the region of anatomic involvement. The following observations in specific subtypes of cerebral palsy were determined with FDG-PET: (1) In spastic diplegic patients, PET revealed focal areas of cortical hypometabolism in the absence of apparent structural abnormality; (2) A relatively normal pattern of cortical metabolism was observed in most patients with choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, despite marked hypometabolism in the thalamus and lenticular nuclei; and (3) In patients with infantile hemiplegia, FDG-PET disclosed symmetric cerebellar glucose metabolism with absence of crossed cerebellar hypometabolism (diaschisis). This finding is contrary to the typical persistence of crossed cerebellar diaschisis in adult patients with acquired cerebral lesions and suggests metabolic recovery due to developmental plasticity. The possibility that FDG-PET may be clinically useful in identifying the cerebral palsy patient with potential learning handicap and in the study of functional recovery or sparing following brain injury should be explored further.
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PMID:Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in clinical subtypes of cerebral palsy. 179 7

The sport of snow skiing by the physically disabled, which originated in Europe in 1935 and first received attention in the United States in the 1940s, is reviewed in terms of opportunities available, instructions, adaptive equipment necessary, and benefits provided. Persons with a wide variety of disabilities (such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, hemiplegia, amputation, blindness, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy) can participate. Accordingly, a wide range of adaptive equipment is available--including outrigger skis, flip-skis, canting wedges, ski bras, "toe spreaders," sit-skis, and mono-skis--to allow safe enjoyment of the sport. Programs for instruction of the disabled skier are increasing in number and popularity, and numerous opportunities are available to enter competitive events sponsored by National Handicapped Sports. Both the participants and the instructors relate the numerous physical and psychologic benefits that can be derived from skiing; the sport provides an almost universal enjoyment of the sense of freedom and independence. Snow skiing is an enjoyable, beneficial, outdoor cold-weather activity that the disabled population can safely learn with proper instruction.
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PMID:Snow skiing for the physically disabled. 182 30

Morphological findings on CT were compared with clinical features of 111 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Periventricular atrophy, interpreted as periventricular leukomalacia, was the most prevalent CT finding, although this type of lesion did not indicate severity of neurological impairment. Maldevelopments were associated with arm-dominated hemiplegia and with a wider range of clinical impairments than previously described. Cortical/subcortical atrophy, less common than presumed, indicated arm-dominated hemiplegia and was associated with more severe impairment than were other CT findings. A normal CT scan indicated leg-dominated hemiplegia and mild impairment. The morphological information obtained by CT was found to be useful for predicting clinical outcome, and was considered an important adjunct to clinical history and findings in these children.
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PMID:Hemiplegic cerebral palsy: correlation between CT morphology and clinical findings. 186 77

Transcranial Doppler recordings of flow velocities in 5 cerebral arteries were performed in children with cerebral palsy or with focal epileptic discharges. In 22 children with severe bilateral cerebral palsy as an average the flow velocities were 55% of the norm. In 8 of 10 children with spastic hemiplegia, the velocities were reduced at least in one artery of the affected side. 7 of 11 children with a mixed focus and 4 of 18 children with a pure epileptic focus in the EEG presented reduced velocities within the artery belonging to the focus. The results and other studies indicate a reduced cerebral blood flow in severe cerebral palsy with may be caused by vascular, metabolic, bioelectric or pharmacologic factors.
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PMID:[Brain circulation in residual cerebral damage. A Doppler ultrasound study]. 190 86

CT brain scans were used to evaluate the most likely etiology of hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a group of children born at term. The population based study group comprised 83 children. The CT findings were classified to reflect the phase of brain maturation during which the injury causing hemiplegia most likely had occurred. The most common finding (37%) was periventricular atrophy considered to represent periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). PVL is a form of hypoxic-ischemic damage typical of the immature brain and most commonly seen as a complication of preterm birth. As this lesion was found in children born at term it was considered to reflect a cerebral injury that had occurred in utero. Cerebral maldevelopment, due to a very early intrauterine lesion, was detected in 17%, while cortical-/subcortical lesions, previously considered to be of major importance in hemiplegia, were seen in just 16% of the children. Altogether the CT findings indicated a prenatal origin of hemiplegia in 57%. Assessing the time of injury based on clinical records concurred with prenatal origin in 32% of the children thought to have prenatal origin of hemiplegia by CT. The objective information available from careful review of imaging information such as CT brain scans, is an important adjunct to clinical data. We propose that assessment of brain morphology, by means of imaging, should be integrated with clinical assessment when evaluating the etiology of brain lesions in children with congenital motor impairment.
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PMID:Computed tomography as an adjunct in etiological analysis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy; II: Children born at term. 194 18

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in twenty five children with hemiplegia were studied using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p-I-123-iodoamphetamine. Seven of twenty-five patients had cerebral palsy, and the others were impaired by acquired brain injury between ten months and fourteen years of age. CCD was demonstrated in five patients (20%), who were impaired by acquired brain injury after seven years of age. CCD could never be detected in patients with cerebral palsy. Ipsilateral cerebellar diaschisis was also demonstrated in two patients with cerebral palsy and three with early acquired brain injury before three years of age. It is suggested that diaschisis presents itself as a different form in a contralateral and ipsilateral cerebellum before three years of age from a form which presents after seven years of age.
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PMID:[Crossed cerebellar diaschisis demonstrated by SPECT in hemiplegic children]. 199 95


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