Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe Broca aphasia and left hemiplegia without right limb apraxia occurred suddenly in a right-handed man with no personal or family history of left-handedness. Postmortem examination showed infarction of the right hemisphere, limited almost entirely to the precentral gyrus. In this patient, cerebral dominance for speech lay in the right hemisphere, but dominance for limb praxis lay in the left. This case provides evidence that cerebral dominance for speech and handedness in dextrals may be dissociated. It also suggests that lesions of the precentral gyrus are of major importance in producing Broca aphasia.
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PMID:Crossed aphasia in a dextral: a clinicopathological study. 719 Feb 38

A case of moyamoya disease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was reported. A 26-year-old male patient was admitted on April 11, 1992, with sudden onset of right cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed moyamoya disease and bilateral encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) was performed. In March, 1993, however, he suffered from left cerebral hemorrhage. Neurological examination on the second admission showed disturbance of consciousness, motor aphasia and right hemiplegia. Emergency operation for the hematoma removal was performed and neurological functions rapidly improved. However, on the day following the operation, he was in stupor and restlessness. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia were identified and he gradually sank into a comatose state. Systemic purpura, fever, renal dysfunction also appeared. CT scan 22 days after the onset demonstrated diffuse cerebral infarction in the region of the bilateral anterior and middle cerebral arteries, and cerebral angiography on the next day demonstrated the development of bilateral internal carotid stenosis. Though laboratory findings indicate gradual improvement, he has remained in very weak state. This is the first case of moyamoya disease associated with TTP. The etiology of both diseases was discussed.
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PMID:[Moyamoya disease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)]. 801 79

A 16-year-old boy developed motor aphasia and right hemiplegia after head trauma caused during Rugby football club activity. About 2 hours after trauma, these neurological deficits improved dramatically. CT scan on admission revealed no abnormal finding. But, on the next day, CT scan revealed an irregular low density area at the left basal ganglia. Cerebral angiography showed a slight narrowing at the left carotid siphon, severe stenosis at M1 portion of the left middle cerebral artery with vasospasm of its distal branches and occlusion of the left anterior temporal artery. The extracranial portion of the left internal carotid artery was intact. Clinically, the patient recovered from the right hemiparesis almost fully and was discharged after 1 month with mild dyscalculia. Three months later, follow-up angiography disclosed stenosis of the left M1 portion but the narrowing of the carotid siphon and vasospasm of the peripheral branches of the middle cerebral artery had been normalized, and the anterior temporal artery was recanalized. The pathogenesis of the occlusion is classified into 4 causes, 1) embolism from internal carotid artery, 2) vasospasm, 3) thrombus formation, 4) dissection. However, the demonstration of this by angiography is difficult. In our case, the injury of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery, which caused the intimal injury, spasm or thrombus formation, might have happened and resulted in embolisation and recanalization of the middle cerebral artery.
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PMID:[Traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion]. 813 67

A 49-year-old male patient with an intracranial tuberculoma who presented with motor aphasia and right sided hemiplegia is discussed. Although tuberculosis is common in the country, to date antemortem histologically confirmed case has not been reported in Ethiopia. It is recommended that intracranial tuberculoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system mass lesions.
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PMID:Intracranial tuberculosis mimicking brain tumour: case report. 818 51

We report a 37-year-old man with cerebral infarction due to meningovascular neurosyphilis. He developed right hemiplegia and motor aphasia preceded by left retroorbital pain lasting a month. Bilateral tonic pupils were also observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed cerebral infarction in the distribution of perforating branches of the left middle cerebral artery. Abnormal enhancement was absent in the meninges on T1-weighted MRI examination. SPECT study with I-123 iodoamphetamine showed decreased perfusion in the area of the left middle cerebral artery on early phase. A delayed SPECT 4 hour later demonstrated redistribution of the cerebral blood flow in the area of its cortical branches. On cerebral angiograms, marked stenoses were disclosed at the supraclinoid segments of the bilateral internal carotid arteries as well as the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery. These stenoses were associated with increased collateral circulations on the left side. Atherosclerosis was not apparent, on angiography. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed pleocytosis and positive TPHA. The CSF/serum ratio of TPHA was 1/16. Oligoclonal IgG band was present in the CSF. CSF IgG index was elevated. These findings were consistent with meningovascular neurosyphilis. Causes of angiitis other than syphilis were excluded. A test for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus was negative. The clinical course of his recovery was similar to that in patients with atherosclerotic thrombosis. The stenosis of the right internal carotid artery demonstrated by angiography could not be expected from the clinical manifestations and SPECT study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bilateral internal carotid artery stenoses in a patient with meningovascular neurosyphilis]. 826

We report a case of a postoperative brain infarction, in which an asymptomatic preoperative brain infarction was also revealed postoperatively. A 63-year-old man with bladder carcinoma was scheduled for the cystoplasty. The patient had no prominent preoperative abnormality. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in N2O/oxygen combined with a spinal block and a continuous epidural block. Anesthesia lasted uneventfully for 16.5 hours. However, emergence from anesthesia was delayed. On the first postoperative day, motor aphasia and right hemiparalysis was confirmed. The computed tomography (CT) of the brain demonstrated a low density area in the frontoparietal region. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated the corresponding lesion as the CT had demonstrated, and an old brain infarction in the parietal region. This meant that the patient had a history of asymptomatic brain infarction (ABI). Patients with ABI are considered to be a high-risk group for a brain infarction. It is important to evaluate the risk factors of brain infarction preoperatively and to minimize those risks during the operation. Maintenance of the cerebral perfusion pressure is imperative.
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PMID:[Postoperative brain infarction in a patient with the previous asymptomatic brain infarction]. 925 9

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [123I]iomazenil (radioligand of central-type benzodiazepine receptors) was employed to examine two patients with striatocapsular infarction. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old female with motor aphasia and hemiplegia on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion in the anterior limb of internal capsule and putamen on the left side. SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO revealed a reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontoparietal region on the left side, but the delayed images in SPECT using [123I]iomazenil showed only a mild decrease of accumulation in the frontal lobe. Patient 2 was a 55-year-old male with hemiplegia on the left side. MRI showed a lesion localized in the basal ganglia and posterior limb of the internal capsule on the right side. SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO revealed a reduction of CBF in the frontoparietal region on the right side and in the cerebellar hemisphere on the left side, but the delayed images in SPECT using [123I]iomazenil showed little decrease of accumulation in parietal lobe. The discrepancy between CBF and receptor images suggested that cortical hypoperfusion on striatocapsular infarction might reflect hypometabolism due to disconnection of the neuronal network between subcortical structure and cortex.
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PMID:Mechanism of reduction of cortical blood flow in striatocapsular infarction: studies using [123I]iomazenil SPECT. 929 81

A case of ruptured callosomarginal artery aneurysm was reported. A 47-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with disturbance of consciousness. CT scan revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage. No aneurysm was detected by initial angiography. His consciousness level deteriorated so we stopped the examination. CT scan after initial angiography showed intracerebral hematoma in the left frontal lobe. On day 15 severe vasospasm occurred and he presented with total aphasia and right hemiplegia. The third angiography disclosed a callosomarginal artery aneurysm. Neck clipping of the aneurysm was successfully performed via unilateral interhemispheric approach. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient recovered well with mild right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. He was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation. The incidence of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm has been reported as being about 5%. The location of aneurysm in this case is very rare. In the present study we review the literature on aneurysms at the distal anterior cerebral artery and discuss the clinical and radiological features.
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PMID:[An unbranched-site ruptured aneurysm of callosomarginal artery]. 933 Mar 97

The anatomical and functional correlates of the hand sensorimotor areas was investigated in a stroke patient with a malacic lesion in the left fronto-parieto-temporal cortex. The patient presented hemiplegia and motor aphasia 12 months earlier, followed by an excellent motor recovery. Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping, functional magnetic resonance and magnetoencephalography were used as methods of functional imaging and all yielded consistent results. In particular, an asymmetrical enlargement and posterior shift of the sensorimotor areas localized in the affected hemisphere were found with all three techniques. Aspects related to brain 'plasticity' for functional recovery are discussed.
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PMID:Hand motor cortical area reorganization in stroke: a study with fMRI, MEG and TCS maps. 967 9

Neurological deficits can occur following viper bite. It is usually due to intracerebral or subarachnoid bleed as a result of depletion of clotting factors. A healthy 21-year old male developed motor aphasia and right hemiplegia within two hours of being bit by a viper. Brain CT scan revealed a left frontal lobe infarction. The possible mechanisms for cerebral infarction in this patient are hypotension, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability and vascular.
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PMID:Cerebral infarction in a young male following viper envenomation. 1127 16


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