Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to assess the results of percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in 50 patients (29 men and 21 women, mean age 74 years) at 6 months by Doppler echocardiography performed 24 hours before, 24 hours, 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The following parameters were compared: maximum instantaneous transaortic pressure gradient; mean gradient; aortic valve area and index of valve patency. The initial results of catheterisation and valvuloplasty were very satisfactory as the peak-to-peak and mean pressure gradients decreased by 50 per cent and the aortic valve area increased from 0.55 +/- 0.2 to 0.83 +/- 0.30 cm2 and the success rate defined as a final surface area greater than 0.75 cm2 was 84 per cent. Unfortunately, these favourable results were not sustained in most cases: restenosis, defined as a valve area of less than 0.7 cm2, was observed in 18 per cent of patients at Day 1 and 71 per cent of patients at the 6th month; the natural history of disease was little affected with a global mortality rate at 6 months of 18 per cent through cardiac failure and sudden death; only 18 per cent of patients maintained an aortic valve area of over 0.75 cm2 at 6 months. These results suggest that percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty should be reserved for patients in whom surgery is formally contra-indicated.
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PMID:[Mid-term results of 50 percutaneous aortic valvuloplasties. Follow-up studies using Doppler echocardiography]. 210 52

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are rare congenital tumours resulting from an early dysembryoplastic disorder of organogenesis. They are generally benign hamartomas which may be the first manifestation of a phakomatosis, tuberous sclerosis (TS) (Bourneville disease), present in over half of cases. The cases of 11 children with cardiac rhabdomyomas are reported. All of them also had extracardiac lesions of TS. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 6 years of age. In one case, the diagnosis was made antenatally by foetal echocardiography. The clinical expression may be very serious when there are hemodynamic disturbances resulting from an obstructive syndrome (N = 3) or arrhythmias (N = 2). Nevertheless, the cardiac evolution is usually favorable (N = 9) in contrast to the neuropsychiatric outcome which is generally catastrophic (N = 8). The diagnosis is made by two-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical resection of the tumours is reserved for forms complicated by cardiac failure due to intracardiac obstruction (N = 2) of life-threatening resistant arrhythmias. Genetic counseling should be directed towards prevention of TS because it is transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode. However, most of the cases are sporadic. Echocardiography should be systematic in all children with TS and is also recommended for members of their families, even those apparently unaffected, in order not to miss paucisymptomatic forms of TS.
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PMID:[Cardiac rhabdomyoma in children and Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis]. 211 82

Many practical difficulties are encountered by physicians in the medical treatment of chronic cardiac failure. They are related to the choice of drug guided by therapeutic objectives: vasodilators and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are no longer drugs of secondary intention reserved for chronic cardiac failure, but there is no information as to the place of these drugs in early stages of myocardial dysfunction before the appearance of the clinical signs of cardiac failure. Other difficulties are related to the use of many different drugs, to the many secondary effects, sometimes increased by drug interactions; these difficulties are accentuated by the multiplicity of the etiologies of cardiac failure, by the frequency of associated extracardiac disease and by the risks inherent to abnormal myocardial function. In addition, the prescriber must not forget that the drug is not everything in the treatment of cardiac failure and he must be able to recognise the pathology underlying the cardiac failure which may require specific therapy. Finally, the physician must decide the optimal timing for referring patients with very severe cardiac failure for transplantation.
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PMID:[Practical difficulties in drug prescription in chronic cardiac insufficiency]. 212 18

We reviewed the records of 26 infants with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) from seven institutions to examine the evolution in the management of this tachycardia that is difficult to treat. JET was defined electrocardiographically as an incessant tachycardia with normal QRS morphology and atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. The ventricular rate ranged from 140 to 370 beats/min (mean, 230 beats/min); 16 of 26 patients had cardiac failure. Treatment success was defined as a stable decrease in the rate of JET, below 150 beats/min; partial success was a significant decrease of JET rate with alleviation of symptoms. All patients received digoxin with no significant effect. Propranolol was given to 16 patients, with two successes and one partial success. Combinations of other conventional agents were used in 11 patients with two successes; 14 patients were treated with amiodarone, which resulted in eight successes and three partial successes; three patients died suddenly on medical treatment (amiodarone, one patient; propranolol, one patient; or amiodarone plus propranolol, one patient); sudden AV block was a possible cause and consequently, two later patients had pacemaker implantation as well as medical treatment. His catheter ablation was successfully performed twice but contributed to death in a newborn; three surgical His ablations were performed for intractable JET with two successes and one death. The overall mortality was 35%. Among survivors, treatment has been stopped without any complications in five patients ranging in age from 10 months to 8 years (mean, 3.5 years). It seems that amiodarone alone is the best drug for treatment of congenital JET; necessity for permanent pacing remains unsettled. His ablation should be reserved only for intractable JET.
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PMID:Evolving concepts in the management of congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. A multicenter study. 218 49

Cardiac transplantation has traditionally been reserved for individuals with end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) in whom there is no history of other life-threatening systemic disorders. In most transplant centers, patients with a history of malignancy and severe heart failure have not been considered acceptable candidates for cardiac transplantation. In the last 4 years at Stanford University Medical Center, 8 cardiac transplants have been performed in 7 patients with a history of neoplastic disease. Six of these patients had already received treatment for lymphoproliferative disorders and in 1 case, a patient underwent a transplant after treatment for adenocarcinoma of the colon. Six of the 7 patients were discharged from the hospital and in that group, the 1-year posttransplant survival rate was 71%. This was comparable to an overall 1-year survival rate of 80% for patients undergoing a cardiac transplant at our center during the same period of time. At follow-up averaging over 2 years, there has been 1 case of recurrent neoplasia. One patient with evidence of radiation-induced pulmonary damage died of respiratory failure 2 days after transplantation. One patient required retransplantation because of intractable rejection and subsequently died from infectious complications. Immunosuppressive therapy in these patients has not been associated with an increased risk for neoplastic recurrence or for the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. The current study demonstrates that in a carefully selected group, previously treated neoplastic disease should not represent a contraindication to cardiac transplantation.
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PMID:Cardiac transplantation in patients with preexisting neoplastic diseases. 199 Aug 9

Until now the pathomechanism of pulmonary heart disease is insufficiently elucidated. Therefore, at present, rational therapeutical concepts are possible only in chronic obstructive lung diseases. Without any modification, the principle of comprehensive treatment of the basic pulmonary disease remains valid. In the symptomatic therapy of the pulmonary heart disease, in first place the long-term oxygen therapy becomes mandatory. Treatment with vasodilatory drugs remains in the long-term activity disappointing. Reasonable expectations are directed to clinical trials of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors. Cardiac glycosides remain reserved for manifest cardiac failure. The stabilization of the acid-base-balance is of great importance for the efficacy of treatment. The decision on the use of additives depends upon a critical evaluation of the actual clinical state and upon the consideration of the risks from polymorbidity.
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PMID:[Therapeutic principles in pulmonary heart disease and right heart insufficiency]. 238 53

We evaluated survival and risk factors in 86 elderly patients (pts) who underwent dialysis at one center throughout the last 10 years. Thirty-five pts received hemodialysis (HD), 32 intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and 19 continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Risk factors included: treatment, age, sex, underlying disease, heart failure (HF), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and malignancy. Median age was 65 years for both HD and CAPD, and 69 for IPD (p less than 0.05). Survival evaluation demonstrated a longer life span for HD vs. IPD (p = 0.02) for CAPD vs. IPD (p = 0.03) and no difference between HD and CAPD pts. Cox analysis showed higher death odds ratio (OR = 2.4) for IPD vs. HD and lower ratio for CAPD vs. IPD (OR = 0.3). Other OR positive risk factors were: HF, PVD, DM and malignancy. The median value of risk factors for each group was higher for both IPD and CAPD vs. HD. Both life span and death OR for CAPD were equal to HD in spite of higher risk factors in CAPD group. The lower survival of the IPD group may be due to its older age. CAPD should represent the elective treatment for elderly uremics while HD or IPD should be reserved for selected patients.
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PMID:Dialysis for the elderly: survival and risk factors. 257 26

During the last years, medical interest has focused on sleep related diseases, especially the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and the nocturnal breathing abnormalities associated with broncho-pulmonary diseases. It now appears that SAS is far more prevalent than previously believed. In this review article we present the clinical features, the investigations and the current therapeutic methods. We also discuss the recent developments in our understanding of the SAS pathophysiology and their implications in the disease's management. Clinical importance of sleep related disorders of breathing is appreciated when one looks at some of the secondary effects including hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency and worsening of a broncho-pulmonary disease (hypoxemia, hypercapnia); these are associated with a high degree of morbidity. The recent advent of ambulatory screening systems allows an easier evaluation of patients at risk, such as obese or hypertensive snorers and patients with hypersomnolence; then the diagnostic polysomnographic studies can be reserved for subjects in whom home recording is abnormal. A precise and early diagnosis is important to allow the initiation of treatment such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or naso-pharyngeal surgery.
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PMID:[The sleep apnea syndrome. A general review]. 265 45

Salbutamol (albuterol) is a beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist which accounts for its pronounced bronchodilatory, cardiac, uterine and metabolic effects. During the intervening years since salbutamol was first reviewed in the Journal (1971), it has become extensively used in the treatment of reversible obstructive airways disease. Numerous studies in this disease (including severe acute, childhood and exercise-induced asthma) have confirmed the bronchodilatory efficacy of salbutamol, and it has been shown to be at least as effective as most of the currently available bronchodilators, if not more effective. The onset of maximum effect of salbutamol is dependent on the formulation used and the route by which it is administered. In most patients inhaled salbutamol is a first-line therapy, since it offers rapid bronchodilation, usually relieving bronchospasm within minutes. Although oral salbutamol has often proved to be less efficacious than the inhaled formulation, it still affords clinically significant bronchodilation, and it is particularly useful in those patients unable to coordinate the use of inhalers. Parenteral formulations of salbutamol are generally reserved for the treatment of severe attacks of bronchospasm and they are one of the treatments of choice in these life-threatening situations. Studies of the concomitant use of salbutamol and other agents such as anticholinergics, methylxanthines and beclomethasone dipropionate have usually shown a complementary response in the majority of patients, as might be expected from the different mechanisms of action of these groups of drugs. Salbutamol is generally well tolerated and any side effects observed are a predictable extension of its pharmacology. Since the frequency of side effects is dose related, and therefore dependent on the route of administration, it is not surprising that they are much more common following intravenous and oral rather than inhalation therapy. Tremor, tachycardia and hypokalaemia are the most frequently reported adverse effects. After nearly 20 years of use, salbutamol is well established as a 'first-choice' treatment in reversible obstructive airways disease. Indeed, throughout this time many new bronchodilatory agents have been studied but none have proved more effective. Clinical evaluation of salbutamol in the treatment of premature labour, hyperkalaemia and cardiac failure awaits further studies, although to date some encouraging results have been reported.
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PMID:Salbutamol in the 1980s. A reappraisal of its clinical efficacy. 267 May 12

Ultrafiltration, a method of extra renal filtering, which accomplishes an iso-osmotic removal of water an sodium from the plasma, was used in twelve patients. It is reserved for terminal persistent heart failures. In one case, it preceded a heart transplant. Simple to carry out, this technique is well tolerated when the pulmonary pressure is elevated, respecting an ultrafiltration output inferior or equal to 500 ml/h. Immediate improvement of the patients is spectacular. A new treatment failure may impose long-term ultrafiltration sessions. Failure of the medical treatment, impossibility of heart transplant, must be an indication for ultrafiltration which improves the comfort, and most likely the life expectancy of patients with persistent heart failure.
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PMID:[Treatment of persistent cardiac failure by ultrafiltration]. 273 36


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