Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The activities of some membrane-bound enzymes such as adenylate cyclase, Na+ + K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ + K+-ATPase), Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and Mg2+-stimulated ATPase were examined in heart sarcolemmal fractions from control and cardiomyopathic hamsters at different stages of heart failure. 2. The basal adenylate cyclase activity in sarcolemma from cardiomyopathic animals with early, moderate and late stages of heart failure was not different from the control values whereas the sodium fluoride- and catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were depressed in cardiomyopathic sarcolemma at moderate and late stages. 3. The sarcolemmal Na+ + K+-ATPase activity was decreased and the non-specific phosphatase activity was increased at early, moderate and late stages of heart failure. 4. The sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity was decreased at moderate and late stages whereas the Mg2+-ATPase activity was decreased at the late stages of heart failure only. 5. A marked decrease was found in calcium binding by heart sarcolemma from cardiomyopathic hamsters at late stages of failure. 6. These results suggest that dramatic sarcolemmal changes are associated with heart failure, and support the view that membrane abnormalities play a crucial role in the development of myocardial dysfunction, cyclase, calcium binding, heart failure, heart membranes, sarcolemmal enzymes.
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PMID:Comparison of heart sarcolemmal enzyme activities in normal and cardiomyopathic (UM-X7.1) hamsters. 13 61

A salt-free diet is usually useless or dangerous in the elderly subject. It has at present only rare indications, such as after acute pulmonary oedema or congestive heart failure during initial treatment. In all other cases, it may be replaced by a reasonable diet; sodium intake remains permitted, but naturally one should not fall in the opposite extreme. As in younger subjects, and provided one takes into consideration the subjacent renal condition, properly prescribed diuretics have transformed the situation in the treatment of heart failure as in essential hypertension. Naturally the patient still requires regular clinical supervision and laboratory tests which may in practice be limited to periodical estimation of blood urea and serum potassium, less regularly, blood sugar and uric acid.
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PMID:[Salt-free diet and diuretics in the elderly (author's transl)]. 21 98

In the course of coronary heart disease an aneurysmal dilatation of the left ventricle may occur. This may be an additional risk for the patient by changed haemodynamics. Depending on the extent of the aneurysm and the contractile potency of the remaining myocard the cardiac compensation may be sufficient. A reduction of the pump efficiency is not necessarily the consequence. In case there is an increasing cardiac insufficiency by means of a pathologic ventricular filling pressure pulse, the best therapy is digitalis in combination with a reduction of volume by sodium-selective diuretics. Under same haemodynamic conditions the treatment of angina pectoris consists of long acting nitrites in combination with a betablocking agent having some intrinsic activity. Special care for the choic of medicaments has to be taken in relation to the sufficiency of the remaining myocard, if an antiarrhythmic therapy is necessary. If there is no stabilisation of the haemodynamic parameters by conservative therapy, the left ventricular function is meliorated by surgical aneurysmectomy. The data demonstrate, that under resting condition a normalisation and under exercise condition at least a melioration of pulse pressure and circulation is achieved after resection of the aneurysma. A small but measurable decrease in cardiac output under exercise condition is the consequence of a persisting cardiodepressive effect due to the operation.
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PMID:[Ventricular aneurysm and coronary heart disease. Pathophysiology, differential therapy, and postoperative haemodynamics (author's transl)]. 24 99

1 This study has compared the diuresis produced by a single oral administration of 6 mg piretanide, 9 mg piretanide and 1 mg bumetanide in a group of nine patients with cardiac failure using a balanced randomized design. 2 The natriuresis and kaliuresis produced in the first 6 h after administration of piretanide 9 mg and bumetanide 1 mg were similar. Piretanide 6 mg produced a lesser response. 3 There was evidence of sodium and water conservation following the diuresis for up to 48 h with all three treatments. 4 The patterns of urate and calcium excretion were similar for the two diuretics.
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PMID:A single dose comparison of piretanide and bumetanide in congestive cardiac failure. 38 25

Ventricular function has been studied in 43 patients with the peripartum cardiac failure (PPCF) syndrome which occurs around Zaria. All patients had an echocardiogram on admission and 10 patients had right heart catheterization. Despite the gross edema, left ventricular function assessed by echocardiography and systolic time intervals was relatively good and the estimated cardiac output were high. At catheterization, although the pressures were high, the cardiac outputs were greater than normal in four out of six patients. No patient had a low cardiac output. These findings are not compatible with a severe heart muscle disorder, or cardiomyopathy. We suggest that the primary event in PPCF of Zaria is fluid retention which leads to a form of high output cardiac failure. The postpartum practices in this area (taking high sodium diets and lying on heated beds) almost certainly cause the fluid to accumulate initially, but the heart may be unable to meet the demands either because of preexisting heart muscle disease or, more likely, because of a rise of the peripheral resistance due to the volume expansion, overburdens such dilated hearts and leads to myocardial damage. Since there are similarities between this condition and PPCF in temperate climates, it is possible that there is a common mechanism which the traditional practices of this area have unveiled.
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PMID:Postpartum cardiac failure--heart failure due to volume overload? 43 37

We studied 11 patients with congestive heart failure and 10 normal volunteers for in vivo platelet aggregate formation activity. The patients with heart failure had significantly (p less than 0.01) more circulating platelet aggregates than the normal volunteers. During sodium nitroprusside infusion, the number of circulating platelet aggregates declined to normal levels and in vitro platelet aggregation responses to epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate were also suppressed significantly (p less than 0.01). This was associated with a 30% decline in systemic vascular resistance and a 28% increase in cardiac output. In other in vitro experiments, sodium nitroprusside was found to have direct, dose-related platelet aggregation inhibitory actions. This study suggests that an increase in vascular resistance in certain heart failure patients may in part be related to an increase in circulating platelet aggregates. Direct inhibition of platelet aggregation by sodium nitroprusside may be a mechanism of its beneficial effects in heart failure.
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PMID:Platelet function studies in heart disease. VI. Enhanced platelet aggregate formation activity in congestive heart failure: inhibition by sodium nitroprusside. 45 12

1 Measurements of the binding of 12-alpha-[3H]-digoxin to the membranes of intact erythrocytes, erythrocytic 86rubidium uptake and intraerythrocytic sodium concentrations have been made in the red cells of patients receiving digoxin in the short-term for atrial fibrillation or cardiac failure in regular rhythm. 2 During the first few days of treatment [3H]-digoxin binding and 86rubidium uptake fall and intraerythrocytic sodium concentrations rise. 3 Subsequently parallel fluctuations occur in [3H]-digoxin binding and 86rubidium uptake but not in intraerythrocytic sodium concentrations and the significance of the fluctuations is discussed. 4 The values of all three measurements correlate significantly with the response of the heart in sinus rhythm as measured by QS2I. 5 Plasma digoxin concentrations do not correlate with QS2I.
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PMID:Changes in cardiac glycoside receptor sites, 86rubidium uptake and intracellular sodium concentrations in the erythrocytes of patients receiving digoxin during the early phases of treatment of cardiac failure in regular rhythm and of atrial fibrillation. 48 89

High potassium together with low sodium in diet and intravenous fluids has been observed clinically by Sodi-Pallares to have a beneficial effect on chronic heart failure and on acute myocardial infarction. Recent studies from the laboratory of Ling indicate that high potassium, low sodium environments can partially restore damaged cell proteins to their normal undamaged configuration. It follows that by this mechanism cell proteins damaged by the chronic or acute hypoxia of heart disease are probably partly repaired when high potassium, low sodium therapy is used.
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PMID:Successful therapy of heart disease by high potassium together with low sodium in accord with predictions from the associated cation, structured water concept of the cell. 50 67

In 70 patients with thyrotoxicosis and in 24--with ischemic heart disease with energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency a study was made of electrolyte metabolism in the blood plasma, erythrocytes and 24-hour urine. The sodium and potassium content in erythrocytes rose, and sodium gradient diminished in the patients examined, this being related to the development of energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency.
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PMID:[Electrolyte metabolism in thyrotoxicosis with energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency]. 52 44

The use of vasodilators represents a new approach to the treatment of cardiac insufficiency, either chronic or acute. Their field of action is venous, arterial or mixed. Decreasing the pre-load, the "venous" vasodilators lighten the congestive symptoms of cardiac insufficiency. By decreasing the post-load, the "arterial" vasodilation increases the cardiac output. Some vasodilators, venously administered, imply a continuous hemodynamic checking (Sodium Nitroprussiate, Phentolamine, injectable Trinitrine). Others are active orally (Trinitrine, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine, etc.). Vasodilating treatment is recommended for acute cardiac insufficiency, particularly during myocardium infarct and some acute valvular insufficiencies. It is also successfully used in acute lung edema. Finally it takes an increasing importance in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency.
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PMID:[Vasodilators in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency (author's transl)]. 53 77


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