Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increases with age. ED has organic aetiologies and is associated with other clinical comorbidities. Men with ED are more likely to have: cardiac disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, angina, hypertension, prostate disease and depression. Similarly, men with these conditions are more likely to have ED. It is believed that vasculogenic ED shares a common aetiology with coronary artery disease, including hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. Taking a careful history of onset, duration and associated symptoms may reveal possible causes of ED. Past medical history, disease control, trauma and medication use can provide vital information. ED patients with a sedentary lifestyle should be encouraged to exercise. In obese men, weight loss of 10% or more can improve IIEF score. Regular exercise, healthy diet, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol intake and avoiding recreational drugs can reduce the risk of, or improve, ED. It is important to differentiate between patients suffering from nocturnal frequency, enuresis or nocturnal polyuria as the causes and treatments for each of these conditions are different. Reducing fluid intake after 6 pm and avoiding alcohol and/or caffeine at night may reduce nocturnal voiding. Anticholinergics can decrease bladder overactivity. An improvement in nocturia and nocturia bother score have been shown after administration of oral melatonin. Nocturnal enuresis can often be the only symptom of high-pressure chronic retention which is prevalent in older men. It is important to recognise this condition as treatment can prevent further renal impairment. In nocturnal polyuria the urine output at night is more than a third of the total daily urine output. If conservative measures are not successful, in the absence of heart failure, a low-dose diuretic in the afternoon can help the kidneys get rid of the fluid before bedtime.
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PMID:Diagnosing urological disorders in ageing men. 2030 27

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone, is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus. It is primarily responsible for osmoregulation and thus maintains body fluid homeostasis. It is also a potent vasoconstrictor, may have a role in higher cognitive functions and affects metabolism. All the biological and cellular effects of vasopressin are mediated by the interaction of this hormone with three G-protein-coupled receptors - V(1a), V(1b) and V(2).Urological applications are based on the rationale that V(2) receptors mediate water conservation and increase urine osmolality. Due to their anti-diuretic properties mediated by the V(2) receptors, synthetic vasopressin agonists, such as desmopressin, are now commonly used for the treatment of nocturnal polyuria, central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis and potentially in urinary incontinence. Desmopressin has been licenced worldwide for haematological indications of haemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Vasopressin receptor antagonists correct hyponatremia by blocking the activation of the V(2) receptor and induce a free water diuresis without an accompanying natriuresis or kaliuresis; an effect termed 'aquaresis'. Interfering with vasopressin signalling by administering vasopressin antagonists may have clinical benefits in acute and chronic heart failure.
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PMID:Vasopressin receptors in voiding dysfunction. 2129 Feb 39