Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Apoptosis, the well-characterized form of active programmed cell death, is a physiologic phenomenon in embryonal and fetal life in developing organs. Severe hypoxia, which occurs in most preterm infants, also leads to cell death, which may be necrotic or apoptotic. The aim of our study was to examine the incidence of apoptosis in various organs (such as lung, kidney, and brain) of preterm infants who suffered from clinically proven respiratory distress causing infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), cardiac failure, and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Twenty-four autopsy cases were studied histologically to detect the apoptotic ratio, which was performed on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin staining and validated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) reaction. Elevated apoptotic ratio was found in stages II, III, and IV of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among alveolar and bronchiolar cells. The apoptotic activity was very low in stage I of BPD. High apoptotic ratio was detected in hypoxic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) of preterm infants. Features of apoptosis were present in proximal and excreting tubules of the kidney. Significant elevation of apoptotic activity may play a role in the development of BPD, ischemic brain lesions, and renal failure.
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PMID:Apoptosis in various organs of preterm infants: histopathologic study of lung, kidney, liver, and brain of ventilated infants. 1142 Apr 27

Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorder in Caucasian. It is caused by mutations of CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator); at present over 500 mutations are known. Cystic fibrosis as a cause of respiratory distress in the neonate is quite rare. In neonatal period the most important clinical manifestations are meconium ileum and much rarely cholestatic jaundice. We present two cases of cystic fibrosis in newborns. In the first one, we point out the strict association between meconium ileum and cystic fibrosis. The patient underwent a surgical treatment for meconium ileum and the diagnosis was rapidly confirmed by genetic analysis and sweat test. The second one had intestinal obstruction from birth caused by meconium ileum associated with ileal atresia; besides, he developed cholestatic jaundice, severe and rapidly progressive respiratory disease. He died at 102 degrees day of age for cardiac failure. The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, supported by typical clinical features and high level of serum trypsin, unfortunately wasn't confirmed by genetic analysis (lambda F508/neg), in addition, the sweat test wasn't reliable because an inadequate quantity of sweat was collected.
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PMID:[Neonatal cystic fibrosis: report of 2 cases]. 1142 48

N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide [proANP(1-98)] has been extensively investigated in patients with chronic heart failure and ishemic heart disease. It is found to be a better marker of cardiac dysfunction than atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The possible involvement of proANP(1-98) in cardiac depression caused by sepsis has not been studied yet. Therefore, we analyzed atrial plasma concentration of proANP(1-98) in 17 septic patients with hemodynamic variables measured or calculated using pulmonary artery catheter. The results of altogether 96 measurements show a significant negative correlation of proANP(1-98) and cardiac index (p<0.024), oxygen delivery (p<0.03) and oxygen consumption (p<0.03). There is also a positive correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance (p<0.03). ProANP(1-98) is significantly higher in patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (p<0.001). This study implies that proANP(1-98) is a possible novel hormone marker of cardiac depression caused by sepsis that could be used for prediction of ARDS.
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PMID:Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide hormone from right atria is correlated with cardiac depression in septic patients. 1150 93

A full-term baby girl who was sent home day of life 2 was admitted to the hospital on day of life 7 for respiratory distress and poor feeding. The child was found to be hypertensive and in heart failure. Further workup led to the diagnosis of a suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, but the infant had deteriorated clinically with heart failure, modest renal failure, renovascular hypertension, and no operative cure. The child died on day of life 20. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical resection are essential to managing this rare and lethal condition.
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PMID:Congenital abdominal aortic aneurysm causing renovascular hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and death in a 19-day-old neonate. 1152 24

This article focuses on factors related to decreased food intake of infants and children, but does not address anorexia or bulimia nervosa. The nature of feeding problems may be behavioral, organic, or a mixture of both. Behavioral problems that affect intake have their roots in 1) parental or cultural expectations for food intake and body habit, 2) parental anxiety about weight gain in a vulnerable child or insecurity about parental skills, 3) power struggles between parent and child that manifest in eating habits, 4) conditions that may have enhanced the gag reflex, such as prolonged orotracheal intubation or a nasogastric tube, 5) failure to establish links between hunger, food intake, and satiety in infants who had not been fed orally for a relatively prolonged period of time at a critical age, and 6) anxiety or depression. Organic causes that lead to decreased food intake include swallowing problems (neurologic or conditioned hypersensitive gag, structural anomalies of the oropharynx, dyscoordinated swallow, painful swallow, and obstructed swallow ), respiratory distress, excessive fatigability (heart failure, respiratory failure), and lack of appetite (many chronic systemic illnesses). At particular risk for feeding problems are infants of premature birth, children with craniofacial anomalies, those with certain genetic syndromes, and those with neurologic involvement. An evaluation by specialists is recommended for children with obvious behavioral problems but for whom the usual recommendations have failed and for those in whom symptoms cannot be explained solely by behavioral issues or in whom organic causes are suspected. The evaluation preferably should be performed by a team specialized in pediatric feeding disorders or otherwise by an occupational therapist or speech pathologist with expertise in the area of feeding.
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PMID:Feeding Problems in Infants and Children. 1156 Jul 92

The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary edema due to extravasation from capillary lesions in the endothelium. A clinical diagnosis is made when there is a predisposing cause (sepsis and pneumonia being the most common) that gives rise to acute respiratory insufficiency (PaO2/FiO2 ratio (3/4) 200 mmHg, bilateral infiltrates visible on a chest film and hemodynamic or other clinical signs of left cardiac insufficiency). Most patients require invasive support ventilation at a high FiO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The only therapeutic approach available at this time associated with a highly significant decrease in mortality in patients with ARDS is ventilation at low flow volumes (6 ml/kg) and moderate levels of PEEP (approximately 10 cmH2O).
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PMID:[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]. 1179 2

A case of fatal sodium azide poisoning induced by suicidal ingestion was reported. When the patient arrived, her vital signs such as consciousness and blood pressure, were normal. But 25 hours after ingestion, she died from metabolic acidosis, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) and acute cardiac failure. We detected the azide ion in patient's serum using GCMS method and measured the blood concentration of sodium azide using the GC/NPD method. The half-life period of sodium azide in blood was calculated as about 2.5 hours.
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PMID:[A case of fatal acute sodium azide poisoning]. 1180 1

Dental treatment is usually conducted in the oral cavity and in very close proximity to the upper respiratory airway. The possibility of unintentionally compromising this airway is high in the dental environment. The accumulation of fluid (water or blood) near to the upper respiratory airway or the loosening of teeth fragmentations and fallen dental instruments can occur. Also, some of the drugs prescribed in the dental practice are central nervous system depressants and some are direct respiratory drive depressors. For this reason, awareness of the respiratory status of the dental patient is of paramount importance. This article focuses on several of the more common causes of respiratory distress, including airway obstruction, hyperventilation, asthma, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism and cardiac insufficiency. The common denominator to all these conditions described here is that in most instances the patient is conscious. Therefore, on the one hand, valuable information can be retrieved from the patient making diagnosis easier than when the patient is unconscious. On the other hand, the conscious patient is under extreme apprehension and stress under such situations. Respiratory depression which occurs during conscious sedation or following narcotic analgesic medication will not be dealt with in this article. Advanced pain and anxiety control techniques such as conscious sedation and general anesthesia should be confined only to operators who undergo special extended training.
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PMID:[Respiratory distress]. 1185 48

Mechanically ventilating patients with heart failure who have respiratory distress can increase hospital costs, complications, and mortality. A few studies have evaluated the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) as an alternative treatment for these patients. This article describes NPPV and reviews its use in managing an acute exacerbation of heart failure.
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PMID:Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation: averting intubation of the heart failure patient. 1199 51

A 5-month-old male Thoroughbred foal with a history of chronic septic arthritis of the tibiotarsal joint and recent respiratory distress was euthanized and a postmortem examination performed. A giant diverticulum communicating with the lateral aspect of the right atrial cavity of the heart was observed. Histologically, the wall was comprised of myocardial tissue containing cavernous vascular spaces. There was gross and histologic evidence of right-sided heart failure. Congenital right atrial diverticula are rare anomalies in humans and have not previously been reported in foals.
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PMID:Giant right atrial diverticulum in a foal. 1215 16


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