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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five French Alpine goats received 2 mg kg-1 of dichlorvos (DDVP) by intravenous injection and 0.15 mg kg-1 of atropine sulphate 5-10 min later. Ventilatory mechanics, gas exchanges, pulmonary haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured before treatment, 5 min after DDVP injection and 5 min after atropine injection. Within 2 min of DDVP administration, all the goats showed acute respiratory distress, excitation and slight muscle fasciculations. A post-inspiratory pause was recorded in 3 goats. Hypersecretion of saliva or nasal discharge was not observed. Dynamic compliance and heart rate decreased significantly and total pulmonary resistance, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures increased significantly. On the other hand, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were not significantly altered by DDVP. Atropine treatment reversed all the clinical and functional parameters, with the exception of the central nervous and muscular signs, which disappeared within 12 h. It was concluded that experimental DDVP toxicosis induced changes in the mechanics of breathing and pulmonary haemodynamics associated with diffuse bronchoconstriction and cardiac insufficiency respectively.
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PMID:Respiratory and pulmonary haemodynamic changes during experimental organophosphate poisoning in goats. 250 41

We evaluated the results of hemodialysis performed with 106 double lumen catheters in 87 patients (mean age 52, range 10-82). 46 patients had chronic and 38 acute renal failure; 2 had respiratory distress syndrome and one refractory heart failure. Catheter flow ranged from 100 to 250 ml/min (mean 207) and effective clearance from 64 to 171 ml/min (mean 125). Only one catheter was used in 75 patients (86%), 2 in 7 and more than 2 in 5. Causes of failure included inadequate flow (9), coagulation (6) and displacement (4). In nine instances, severe complications developed: sepsis (3), local infection (4), hematoma (1) and vagal reaction (1). Three patient with catheters located in the subclavian vein developed vein stenosis, requiring angioplasty in 2 and graft in 1. Thus, double lumen catheter is easy to place and helps preserve future vascular sites in chronic hemodialysis.
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PMID:[Hemodialysis: vascular access with double lumen catheter]. 251 82

Cor pulmonale was diagnosed in a 4-year-old beef cow at pasture. Clinical and pathological evidence for the diagnosis included ventral oedema, respiratory distress, chronic interstitial pneumonia and cardiac failure. The cause of the pneumonia was not identified.
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PMID:Cor pulmonale in an Angus cow. 259 Jan 40

Surfactant substitution is an incompletely studied, promising approach to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In this report we describe a spectrum of clinical responses following administration of human surfactant from amniotic fluid to 64 newborn infants. There was apparently no harm when surfactant was given to three infants with "mature" surfactant profile. Altogether 40% of the 42 "immature" small preterm infants (gestational age 26-29 weeks) required only a single dose, and 50% of them required two or three doses for successful treatment. In infants with persistent foetal circulation (6 cases) or hydrops (2 cases), there was only a transient or a small improvement of respiratory function. Most notably, the very small preterm infants (24-26 weeks, 15 cases) may require substantial increase in blood volume to prevent cardiac failure during the first neonatal day. We propose that the clinical response to exogenous surfactant can be improved by modifying the current management of very small preterm infants.
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PMID:Human surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. A spectrum of clinical responses. 266

The authors report 9 cases of prenatal diagnosis of lung malformations. The diagnoses was performed between 17 to 33 weeks amenorrhea (mean = 25.5 weeks). The clinical findings were: 7 cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung, 1 intralobar sequestration and 1 bronchogenic cyst associated with extralobar sequestration and esophageal duplication. In two cases of cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung with polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops death occurred at 27 and 32 weeks amenorrhea. In the seven other cases surgery was performed shortly after birth, before any serious complications occurred. No problems were encountered following the surgical intervention and the remaining lung inflated after a few days. All these children are currently alive and well, without pulmonary or thoracic disorder. The authors first explain the echographic findings in each malformation and later discuss the sonographic criteria of the diagnoses. The antenatal diagnosis permits early recognition and thus adequate management using a team of neonatologists, radiologists and pediatric surgeons. This type management involves: --normal vaginal delivery if there are no obstetrical problems; --if it is possible, artificial ventilation should be avoided as it may increase respiratory distress. If however, it is necessary, the healthy lung should be intubated; --the surgical procedure should be performed as soon as possible, before complications as respiratory distress or recurring pulmonary infections occur; --the major risk of this surgery is respiratory and heart failure when the child is placed in the operating position. A rapid thoracotomy permits the extraction of the compressed lung and the resuscitation of the patient.
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PMID:[Antenatal diagnosis of lung malformations. Apropos of 9 case reports]. 269 65

Some of the most common complications seen in newborn infants of diabetic mothers are reported in this paper. These include hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, polycythaemia, respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac failure. Recent pathogenetic views and therapeutic schedules are discussed.
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PMID:Treatment of emergency cases in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. 294 50

Over a 20 years period 50 patients with giant emphysematous bullae (bilateral in 20 cases) were operated upon. Fifteen had been exposed to an occupational risk (coal mining, steel milling, chemicals); all were, or had been, tobacco smokers; 11 were in acute respiratory distress at the time of surgery. Respiratory function tests showed mixed restrictive and obstructive impairment. Ten patients had chronic cor pulmonale. There were 8 post-operative deaths, 4 of them with right-sided heart failure. Mortality was highest in patients with bilateral lesions and in emergency situations. Late complications involved the lungs in 10 cases and the heart in 2 cases. The results of pre- and post-operative lung function tests could be compared in 13 patients.
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PMID:[Surgery of giant bullae of emphysema in adults]. 296 83

Immunofluorescent and electron-microscopic studies were performed to determine the distribution of viral antigens and particles and to clarify the relationship to myocardial lesions in two autopsy cases with generalized infection of Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) or cytomegalovirus (CMV). Case 1 was a full-term newborn female infant, without any congenital anomalies, who died of cardiac failure 10 days after birth. CVB3 was isolated from the blood before death. Necrosis of the muscle fibers was observed, frequently accompanying calcification. Numerous histiocytes and a few lymphocytes and neutrophils had infiltrated in and around the necrotic areas. Immunofluorescent study (IF) revealed CVB3 antigen in the muscle fibers and vascular endothelial cells. Case 2 was a female infant, born at 28 weeks of gestation, who died of fatal arrhythmia 50 days after birth. The infant had hemocephalus and a history of idiopathic respiratory distress and underwent an operation for patent ductus arteriosus. Cytomegalic cells were frequently found in the vascular endothelial cells in the myocardium and occasionally in muscle fibers. IF showed the presence of CMV antigen in both endothelial cells and muscle fibers. CVB3 and CMV antigens were detected predominantly in vascular endothelial cells rather than in the muscle fibers. Blood flow disturbance due to endothelial damage is a cause of the myocardial lesion in addition to the direct invasion of the muscle fibers by the virus.
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PMID:Myocardial lesions by Coxsackie virus B3 and cytomegalovirus infection in infants. 303 31

Bilateral cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CAML), solid type (Stocker III), is a rare malformation that we observed sonographically in two fetuses at 23 weeks. The ultrasonic image showed an echogenic mass compressing the heart and occupying the whole thoracic cavity. Massive ascites, probably as a result of heart failure, was apparent. The prognosis is fatal. Prenatal diagnosis enables termination of pregnancy and saves the mother from invasive procedures in case of fetal distress. In unilateral, more favorable lesions, the managing physician is prepared for respiratory distress of the newborn and an emergency operation.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. 310 20

Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is seen in infants and young children usually resulting from operative trauma or birth injury. Spontaneous recovery usually occurs, but occasionally surgical plication is necessary. Twenty-three cases of PNP over a 10-year period were managed surgically. Patient ages ranged from 1 day to 30 months (median, 4 months), 18 were male and five female. Cause was operative trauma in 18 (17 cardiac surgery, one neuroblastoma), birth trauma in two, and idiopathic in three. The right side was involved in 14, the left in eight, and both in one. Indications for plication were inability to wean from the ventilator (group 1, 16 patients), recurrent pneumonia (group 2, four patients), and respiratory distress (group 3, three patients). The 16 patients in group 1 were intubated for a median of 18.5 days from onset of PNP to plication. Postoperatively, three had continuing congestive heart failure (one died at 16 days of age, one was still chronically ventilated at 22 months, one was extubated at nine days); the other 13 were extubated at a median of two days postoperatively. All the patients in groups 2 and 3 were extubated within two days of surgery. Twelve plications were transthoracic and 11 were transabdominal. Postoperative complications included pneumonia (2), wound infection (1), pneumothorax (2), and mucous plug with pulmonary collapse (1). One patient died of cardiac failure at 16 days. One patient in group 3 developed recurrent respiratory distress 4 months postoperatively; he had a recurrent elevated hemidiaphragm requiring a second plication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plication of the diaphragm for infants and young children with phrenic nerve palsy. 317 45


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