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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) represents a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that may lead to hyperdynamic heart failure. We briefly describe a 58-year-old man with an old myocardial infarction, who developed leg oedema and worsening exertional dyspnea due to ACF complicating an AAA. This uncommon case highlights that an appropriate investigation for AAA and ACF should be performed in high-risk patients presenting with a history of worsening leg oedema and dyspnea in the absence of an obvious precipitating factor.
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PMID:Leg oedema and exertional dyspnea due to aortocaval fistula complicating an abdominal aortic aneurysm. 1509 7

Patients with stable heart failure show decreased exercise tolerance and consequently quality of life. The reduced physical capacity in these patients is a result of decreased strength of skeletal muscles and even their atrophy. The physical activity is limited by metabolic disorders and histological changes in myocytes. Dysfunction of respiratory muscles plays a role in the development of exertional dyspnea. Patients with stable heart failure are recommended to perform low or moderate physical training, which improves exercise tolerance. Intensive physical training in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction improves maximal oxygen consumption through increased left ventricular stroke and increased arteriovenous difference. Recent studies indicate that regular physical training has a positive physiological effect on exercise tolerance, and decreases dyspnea and fatigue, in many patients with heart failure.
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PMID:[Role of physical training in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with congestive heart failure]. 1523 Jan 52

An unusual case of primary cardiac lymphoma presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia is reported in a 72-year-old woman who was admitted for evaluation of exertional dyspnea and palpitations. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed atrioventricular dissociation and right heart cardiac catheterization revealed a typical 'dip-and-plateau' waveform. Restrictive cardiomyopathy was suspected because computed tomography (CT) did not reveal pericardial thickening, calcifications, or an effusion. Heart failure initially improved with diuretic therapy, but subsequently worsened, and the patient experienced a syncopal episode. ECG showed atrial fibrillation, and CT revealed a large mass in the right atrium and multiple tumors in the liver, which needle biopsy confirmed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy induced complete remission, and her heart failure markedly improved. The 'dip-and-plateau' waveform was no longer detected on repeat cardiac catheterization and the ECG showed restoration of sinus rhythm. Clinically, the diagnosis was primary cardiac lymphoma.
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PMID:Primary cardiac lymphoma presenting clinically as restrictive cardiomyopathy. 1567 23

Impaired diastolic function is related to subjective symptoms, reduced exercise capacity, and poor prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure, and an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker might have a beneficial effect on diastolic function in such patients with heart failure. A 53-year-old woman underwent valvuloplasty of the mitral valve and later presented with heart failure symptoms, including exertional dyspnea and easy fatigue. Although no pathological changes could be identified by radiography of the chest, electrocardiography, or routine echocardiography, the assessment of diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography revealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Her neurohumoral parameters and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction improved after 1 month of treatment with Valsartan, an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker, accompanied by improvement of her subjective symptoms. This case implies that angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker could improve left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and that Doppler echocardiography might be useful for detecting diastolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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PMID:Valsartan, an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker, and left ventricular diastolic function--a case report. 1607 31

We report the rare case of a 55-year-old female with massive eosinophilic myocarditis and severe, however reversible, impairment of left ventricular function. The patient presented with reduced physical condition, progressive dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema. The white blood count revealed a leukocytosis and markedly elevated peripheral blood eosinophilics (48.8%). An endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated massive myocardial infiltration with eosinophilic granulocytes and necrosis. The symptoms and laboratory parameters indicate the presence of a hypereosinophilic syndrome. The differential diagnosis of a Churg-Strauss syndrome is discussed. Medical heart failure treatment according to international guidelines and an immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone (Decortin H) 1.5 mg/kgBW) were initiated. This therapy led to a dramatic reduction of the eosinophilic granulocyte count and normalization of the peripheral blood count, which correlated with a significant improvement of clinical symptoms. Consistently, an increase of left-ventricular function was observed. Upon successive dose reduction to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg prednisolone, the patient's clinical status and peripheral blood count remained stable.
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PMID:Hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with acute necrotizing myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. 1625 79

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the gradual progression of irreversible airflow obstruction and increased inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma that is generally distinguishable from the inflammation caused by asthma. Most chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with smoking, but occupational exposure to irritants and air pollution also are important risk factors. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease typically present with coughing, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. However, none of these findings alone is diagnostic. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease diagnostic criterion for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio of less than 70 percent of the predicted value. Severity is further stratified based on forced expiratory volume in one second and symptoms. Chest radiography may rule out alternative diagnoses and comorbid conditions. Selected patients should be tested for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Arterial blood gas testing is recommended for patients presenting with signs of severe disease, right-sided heart failure, or significant hypoxemia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also is a systemic disorder with weight loss and dysfunction of respiratory and skeletal muscles.
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PMID:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic considerations. 1650 3

We hereby report a case that appeared to have had recurrent clinical heart failure secondary to high-output state due to oversized arteriovenous fistula. Patient started to have dyspnea on exertion approximately 4 months after the creation of the fistula, and subsequently had two episodes of heart failure exacerbation. On both occasions, she had normal left ventricular systolic function as demonstrated by echocardiogram. The shunt was estimated to be as large as 1.9 L/min. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were markedly elevated. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which BNP level was reported and used in the diagnosis of high-output heart failure.
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PMID:Case report: recurrent heart failure with preserved ejection fraction but markedly elevated BNP in a 51-year-old female on hemodialysis with oversized AV fistula. 1658 Jul 52

A 78-year-old Caucasian female presented as an outpatient with a 6-month history of severe progressive exertional dyspnea interfering with ambulating at home. Physical Exam revealed signs of heart failure with laboratory studies being normal. A subsequent echocardiogram revealed a mass in the left ventricle and the patient underwent successful resection of the mass with complete resolution of her symptoms. Histologic examination was consistent with a benign lipoma. After a comprehensive PubMed literature, we believe to report the first case of a left ventricular lipoma diagnosed and treated in the eighth decade of life.
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PMID:A left ventricular lipoma presenting as heart failure in a septuagenarian: a first case report. 1662 34

An 87-year-old man with heart failure caused by severe anemia was referred to our hospital. Gastroenteroscopy revealed the existence of several parasites in the duodenum. Examination of the stool by a formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique detected hookworm eggs. After a single dose of pyrantel pamoate, his symptoms including dyspnea on exertion and edema diminished. And also hemoglobin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) had improved dramatically. Hookworm infection is an extremely rare cause of heart failure, and furthermore this parasitic infection is not common in advanced countries. We suggest the possible relationship between parasite infection and organic foods.
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PMID:Heart failure caused by hookworm infection possibly associated with organic food consumption. 1688 Jul 9

The aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a rare abnormal channel that arises from the right coronary sinus through the right ventricular outflow tract to enter the left ventricle below the aortic valve. The unique ability of multislice computed tomography (CT), as applied in the virtual coloscopy, has not been well established in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We herein investigate the virtual intraluminal image in a patient with an ALVT. An 18-year-old male was admitted with a 6-month-long history of progressive exertional dyspnea. He was diagnosed to suffer from ALVT at 5 months of age and received prosthetic patch closure of the aortic opening of the tunnel with mild residual aortic regurgitation. On admission this time, physical examination revealed a grade 3/6 diastolic murmur over the right upper sternal border. A 16-row multislice CT angiography demonstrated an ALVT. In the 3D reconstructed images, the orifice and intraluminal structure of ALVT were clearly visualized at different levels, similar to a real intracardiac endoscopic images. The patient was then referred for aortic valve replacement due to heart failure caused by severe degenerative aortic insufficiency. Our case displayed successfully not only the entire location of ALVT but also demonstrated the virtual intraluminal imaging mimicking endoscopy. This technique provides the virtual visualization of the entire inner image of AVLT, which may not be possible with other imaging modalities.
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PMID:Virtual intraluminal evaluation of aortico-left ventricular tunnel by multislice computed tomography. 1689 Oct 15


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