Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Compound LY175326 is one of a series of novel cardiovascular agents with both inotropic and vasodilator activities. In cat papillary muscles, LY175326 increased contractility in a concentration-dependent manner; these actions were not blocked by prazosin, propranolol or cimetidine. Inotropic responses were observed in unpaced, perfused guinea-pig hearts and these effects were associated with modest increases in heart rate and coronary flow. An i.v. dose of 0.1 mg/kg of LY175326 caused 54 and 95% increases in contractility in either the anesthetized cat or dog, respectively; corresponding heart rates were increased by less than 10%. Oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg to dogs was associated with an inotropic response that was maximal between 60 and 90 min and lasted in excess of 3 hr. These effects were not accompanied by increases in heart rate, gross behavioral changes or emesis. The pharmacology of LY175326 was evaluated in a propranolol-induced heart failure model using anesthetized beagle dogs. A bolus injection of 0.15 mg/kg of LY175326 followed by an infusion of 0.4 mg/kg/hr reversed the hemodynamic symptoms of heart failure by increasing left ventricular dP/dt60, cardiac output and stroke volume and reducing left atrial filling pressure and vascular resistance; heart rate was unchanged and calculated myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced. This balance of inotropic:vasodilator activities may provide a means of improving cardiac function while maintaining the myocardial oxygen supply:demand.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacology of LY175326: a potent cardiotonic agent with vasodilator activities. 399 23

The efficacy of muzolimine (BAY g 2821) in doses of 30 or 60 mg/day was studied over an observation period of 4 weeks in 48 patients with mild to moderate heart failure (NYHA stage 2 or 3) in a biometrically planned, multicentre study. Eleven of these patients were excluded from the evaluation of efficacy for various reasons. All 37 patients who remained (23 men and 14 women; mean age 59.6 years, mean body weight 73.8 kg) were treated throughout with one tablet per day (30 mg). A marked improvement of the symptoms of cardiac insufficiency was observed in these 37 evaluated cases in the course of the treatment period. At the end of the study body weight was reduced by 1.8 kg, heart rate fell from 84 to 75 beats/min and blood pressure decreased from 154/88 to 145/85 mm Hg on average. The laboratory parameters tested failed to show any clinically abnormal alterations. Twelve of 48 patients complained of side effects (dizziness, headaches, vomiting, nausea), these developing largely in the first 2 weeks and being transient in character. To summarize, it can be stated that patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA 2 and 3) can be effectively treated by muzolimine monotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Muzolimine as monotherapy in the treatment of patients with congestive cardiac failure. 400

The action, efficient dosage and tolerance of a pure vasodilator, dihydralazine, used for the treatment of severe heart failure were studied in 30 children aged 1 month to 14 years. All of them presented with heart failure from various causes, not controlled by the usual medical treatment. Dihydralazine was administered orally, without interrupting the digoxin-diuretic treatment, with a dose of 34 to 140 mg/m2/day given in 4 equal doses. Clinical efficacy was considered null in 12 cases, low in 12 cases and good in 6 cases, without relationship with the original heart defect. Five of the 6 good results were obtained with doses greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2/day. In the group of 16 children who were given doses greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2/day, a significant improvement of the ECG indexes of left ventricular performance was obtained: decrease in systolic left ventricular internal dimension (p less than 0.05 at day 5), increase of the shortening fraction (p less than 0.05 since day 1) and of velocity of shortening (p less than 0.01 since day 1), while the diastolic left ventricular internal dimension remained unchanged. The only transitory undesirable effects observed were headache, vomiting and/or rash in 9 cases.
 ...
PMID:[Dihydralazine treatment of cardiac insufficiency in children]. 407 3

Experiments were performed on 5 resting conscious dogs supplied with an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta and a chronic aortic catheter for pressure recording. The animals were used repeatedly in four different types of experiment involving i.v. administration of 1. saline (controls), 2. prenalterol 45 nmol/kg (approximately 10 micrograms/kg) followed by an additional dose of 135 nmol/kg 20 min later, 3. ouabain 50 nmol/kg (approximately 30 micrograms/kg) and 4. a combination of protocols 2. and 3. Ouabain and the low dose of prenalterol exerted clear-cut positive inotropic effects as reflected in increased stroke volume and max dF/dt without significant changes in heart rate or arterial pressure. The PQ interval increased with ouabain but decreased with prenalterol. The higher dose of prenalterol caused a further rise in max dF/dt, a further shortening of the PQ time, increased heart rate and reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Higher doses of ouabain could not be given due to side-effects (vomiting). The combined treatment with ouabain and prenalterol showed their inotropic responses to be additive. Arrhythmias did not occur in any of the animals at the applied dose levels of the drugs. The experiments show that prenalterol through its beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulating action exerts a positive inotropic effect which surpasses that of emetic doses of ouabain. The inotropic response at moderate doses occurs without a change in heart rate. This fact and the apparent lack of influence of prenalterol on vascular alpha- and beta 2-adrenoceptors make the substance potentially useful clinically as an inotropic agent in cardiac failure, particularly in view of its relatively long duration of action.
 ...
PMID:The haemodynamic effects of intravenous prenalterol and ouabain in conscious dogs. 612 99

Two cases of severe beta-blocker overdose are presented that were treated successfully with glucagon therapy. The effects of glucagon in reversing the cardiovascular depression of profound beta-blockade, including its mechanism of action, onset and duration of action, dosage and administration, cost and availability, and side effects are reviewed. Medical complications of beta-blocker overdose include hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, impaired atrioventricular conduction, bronchospasm and, occasionally, seizures. Atropine and isoproterenol have been inconsistent in reversing the bradycardia and hypotension of beta-blocker overdose. Glucagon increases heart rate and myocardial contractility, and improves atrioventricular conduction. These effects are unchanged by the presence of beta-receptor blocking drugs. This suggests that glucagon's mechanism of action may bypass the beta-adrenergic receptor site. Because it may bypass the beta-receptor site, glucagon can be considered as an alternative therapy for profound beta-blocker intoxications. The doses of glucagon required to reverse severe beta-blockade are 50 micrograms/kg iv loading dose, followed by a continuous infusion of 1-15 mg/h, titrated to patient response. Glucagon-treated patients should be monitored for side effects of nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia. The high cost and limited availability of glucagon may be the only factors precluding its future clinical acceptance.
 ...
PMID:Glucagon therapy for beta-blocker overdose. 614 98

Three boys were treated for arteritis of the aorta and great vessels and bilateral renal artery stenosis. One presented at age 6 months with failure to thrive, excessive sweating, and vomiting: hypertension and cardiac failure were subsequently diagnosed. The two older boys (7 and 14 years) presented with symptomless hypertension. The clinical and angiographic findings in the three patients suggest that the illness may have been Takayasu's arteritis, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypertension in infancy and childhood. Renal autotransplantation was performed in all three patients with good results. Early renal autotransplantation may reduce the morbidity associated with this disease.
 ...
PMID:Three patients with arteritis. 614 18

Cardiac glycosides still belong to the most frequently prescribed drugs, although the usefulness of digitalization in patients with sinus rhythm has been repeatedly challenged. In elderly patients, especially, the objective hemodynamic improvement remains minimal and treatment can often be interrupted without subsequent deterioration. On the other hand, signs of digitalis toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, AV-block, ventricular extrasystoles or CNS-symptoms, occur in 15-30% of patients. Adverse effects are mainly due to toxic accumulation of digoxin in cases with age related reduction of kidney function. In view of its non-renal elimination digitoxin would seem to have a certain advantage in geriatric patients, however, its long t 1/2 (6-7 days) makes dose adjustments more difficult, as peak effects will only be attained after 4-5 weeks. For these reasons digitalis treatment in elderly patients should not be given without clinically manifest congestive heart failure and/or atrial fibrillation. Even in such cases a periodic reassessment of the therapeutic indication is recommended. Suspected "latent" cardiac failure or cerebrovascular insufficiency are no reasons for utilizing such potentially toxic drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Digitalis therapy in the aged]. 618 78

A four - month old boy with Salmonella Typhimurium meningitis is presented. This patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia, pyo-pneumothorax, cardiac failure and anemia. He has been treated for 18 days and he was discharged in good condition. Two days after discharge patient was readmitted with a fever, vomiting and feeding problem. In physical examination, stiff neck and bulging of the fontanel were remarkable. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has revealed meningitis and cultures of blood and CSF specimens were positive for S. typhimurium. It was sensitive only to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and netilmicin. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (IM) and netilmicin (IV) were given. At the fifth day of this treatment patient expired. Postmortem examination has revealed the same agent in both meninges tissue and CSF cultures.
 ...
PMID:[Salmonella meningitis]. 636 87

Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic breast cancer were entered in a trial of mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenous (IV), cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2 IV, and 5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/m2 IV, which were given on day 1 of a 21-day treatment interval. This trial was designed to test the efficacy of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin as part of a combination that has proved to be effective in inducing remission. The trial was also intended to evaluate the response of resistant disease and of stable metastatic disease to a combination of doxorubicin and vinblastine sulfate. The cardiotoxic potential of mitoxantrone was evaluated in all the patients by serial measurements of ejection fraction and by endocardial biopsy of the right ventricle. Patients who achieved a complete response or a partial response (with bone as the only site of disease) on the three-drug combination were continued on this treatment for 2 years, or for 1 year following a complete response, whichever was shorter or as cardiac monitoring permitted. Therapy with doxorubicin, 25 mg/m2/d for two days, followed by continuous infusion vinblastine sulfate, 1.4 mg/m2/d for four days, was given to all patients who progressed after two courses or were stable after six courses of three-drug therapy. The preliminary results from 50 patients show that 4 attained a complete response and 30 a partial response, giving a total response rate of 68%. The median duration of response was more than 7 months (range greater than 5 to greater than 15 months). One patient in complete remission relapsed after 8 months and failed reinduction therapy with doxorubicin-vinblastine sulfate. Myelosuppression, principally granulocytopenia, was the major side effect of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil. Mild to moderate vomiting occurred in 76% of patients and alopecia in 88%. This therapy was discontinued in four patients because of a decreased cardiac ejection fraction and/or symptoms of heart failure. No cardiac biopsy score, however, has been greater than 1.0. These results suggest that a combination of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil is effective in untreated, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic breast cancer and is comparable to the doxorubicin combination. Myocardial injury occurs with mitoxantrone, and a safe cumulative dose has yet to be established.
 ...
PMID:Mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of hormonally unresponsive metastatic breast cancer. 638 62

Sulmazol (AR-L 115 BS) is a new positively inotropic drug with arterial and venous vasodilating properties. We studied the effects of sulmazol (three-day infusion) on clinical tolerance, hemodynamics, and blood gas levels in ten patients with severe chronic heart failure. The hemodynamic monitoring included a Swan-Ganz catheter in the pulmonary artery and a radial catheter. Blood gas levels were determined on samples of arterial and mixed venous blood. After 24 hours of infusion, there was a significant increase in cardiac index (2 to 2.5 L/min/sq m; p less than 0.005) and a significant decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure (28 to 19 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) and in right atrial pressure (7 to 4 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) without significant changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. These beneficial effects lasted during the three days of infusion. Oxygen delivery was significantly increased (350 to 443 ml/min/sq m; p less than 0.005) without significant change in arterial oxygen tension. The side effects included nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and mild thrombocytopenia. We conclude that sulmazol is a potent drug which may improve severely deteriorated left and right ventricular function in patients with chronic refractory heart failure without affecting the heart rate and the systolic blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic and clinical response to three-day infusion of sulmazol (AR-L 115 BS) in severe congestive heart failure. 641 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>