Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report two cases of apparent adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following limited thoracic irradiation for lung cancer. Respiratory failure followed rapidly after irradiation with diffuse bilateral infiltrates, both in and out of the irradiated volume along with progressive hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen management. Other potential causes of lung injury such as lymphangitic tumor, cardiac failure, and infections were excluded by both premortem and postmortem examination. Autopsy findings in both irradiated and unirradiated volumes of lung were consistent with hyaline membrane changes. The possible relationship between radiation therapy to limited lung volumes and the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome is discussed.
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PMID:The association of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with thoracic irradiation (RT). 319 41

Normal osmoregulation is maintained by the proper function and interplay of factors influencing thirst, renal water metabolism, and vasopressin secretion. In pathophysiologic states, body water homeostasis is disrupted and hyponatremia ensures. Hyponatremia associated with cardiac failure, hepatic failure, respiratory failure, diabetes mellitus, the postoperative state, and other disorders is commonly found in the critical care setting. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hyponatremia are discussed.
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PMID:Disordered water metabolism: hyponatremia. 333 23

We examined a 14-month-old boy with severe muscular hypotonia and weakness. Loss of tendon reflexes were noted at age 2 months. Right-sided heart failure and dyspnea during sleep developed at age 4 months. Muscle biopsy revealed selective hypoplasia of type II fibers and normal type I fibers. Intercostal and diaphragmatic muscles showed similar changes at necropsy and probably accented the respiratory failure.
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PMID:Congenital myopathy with type II muscle fiber hypoplasia. 234 10

Studies are reported of four patients (all lifetime non-smokers) who presented with right heart failure as a consequence of unrelieved asthmatic airways obstruction. These patients demonstrated severe airways obstruction with crackles on auscultation and hypercapnia. As shown here, such a presentation, without the usual pattern of dyspnoea and wheeze, tends to obscure the diagnosis and delays effective treatment. In three of the patients, treatment to relieve airways obstruction improved gas exchange, and the heart failure resolved. In the remaining patient, improvement was limited, and death ensued from respiratory failure. In patients who present with right heart failure, a relationship with airways obstruction and respiratory failure should be considered and assessed by objective tests. Delays in the effective treatment of these patients may result in the progression of their disease to a stage at which airways obstruction no longer responds to medical therapy.
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PMID:Malignant asthma presenting as right heart failure. 360 Apr 57

An 82-year-old man with a history of myasthenia gravis and heart failure was admitted to the hospital with respiratory failure. Aminophylline and eventually theophylline therapy were initiated to improve respiratory status. During the hospital stay, the patient developed a resistant pseudomonal pneumonia. After failure with conventional antibiotics, ciprofloxacin was initiated because of favorable sensitivity and the planned avoidance of aminoglycoside therapy. Seventy-two hours after initiation of ciprofloxacin, the patient's theophylline level rose from a steady-state baseline of 9.8 micrograms/ml to 34.7 micrograms/ml. After the theophylline dose was reduced by approximately 67 percent, the patient's theophylline serum concentration returned to baseline (10 micrograms/ml). Until more data concerning the interaction of theophylline and ciprofloxacin are available, we recommend close monitoring of theophylline serum concentrations in patients receiving concomitant ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:Increased theophylline concentrations secondary to ciprofloxacin. 367 60

One hundred one infants with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) who required prolonged mechanical ventilation were cared for in the pediatric intensive care unit at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between January 1967 and December 1984. Chronic respiratory failure of infancy is a condition that requires mechanical ventilation for more than 28 days in the first year of life. Thirty-six children had severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 50 had congenital anomalies, and 15 had neuromuscular disorders. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation for the 101 patients was 12.3 months. Seventy-one children were alive, and 53 (75%) of the 71 had been weaned from mechanical ventilation as of Dec 31, 1984. Pulmonary insufficiency and cardiac failure were the predominant causes of death in 17 of 22 infants in the first two years after the onset of CRF; four of eight deaths that occurred beyond two years were caused by airway- and ventilator-related accidents. Mechanical ventilatory support was emphasized for as long as necessary to provide normal blood gas tensions, nutrition, growth, and development rather than weaning as rapidly as possible. This clinical experience demonstrates that it is feasible to save over 70% of infants with the severest forms of CRF and prolonged ventilator dependency.
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PMID:Chronic respiratory failure in infants with prolonged ventilator dependency. 368 38

Three rare autopsy cases of fetal ascites were presented and the etiology of each case was described. Case 1 was a male neonate, delivered by cesarean section at 32 weeks' gestation, and died of respiratory failure. The abdomen was remarkably distended with 1020 ml of ascites. The etiology of Case 1 remained unknown even after macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We considered this as "idiopathic" fetal ascites. Case 2 was a female neonate, delivered at 31 weeks' gestation, with marked abdominal distension and cyanosis. Autopsy revealed 435 ml of ascites, and she was considered to have had "polysplenia syndrome" with cardiovascular malformations. Intrauterine heart failure due to cardiac anomalies was thought to be the cause of this ascites. In case 3 embryotomy was carried out under the diagnosis of fetal ascites by ultrasound examination at 22 weeks' gestation. An urachal cyst connected to the dilated urinary bladder and deficiency of musculature of the abdominal wall composed of loose connective tissue with calcification were observed. The abdominal wall was ruptured and 1,960 ml of ascites was measured. Polycystic kidney with renal dysplasia was also found. Case 3 showed "Prune-Berry syndrome" and fetal ascites may have arisen from these anomalies.
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PMID:Fetal ascites. A report of 3 autopsy cases. 368 33

Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae was isolated from a horse (Equus caballus), a lamb (genus Ovis), and two American buffalo (Bison bison) suffering from enteric disease in the western part of Colorado. In 1981, a foal died of apparent respiratory failure. Necropsy findings included heart failure and gastroenteritis. V. cholerae serovar 347 (Smith) was isolated from the colon of this animal. V. cholerae serovar 27 (Smith) was isolated in 1983 from the intestine of a feedlot lamb suffering from pneumonia and severe watery diarrhea. In 1984, an enteric disease occurred in a herd of American bison. The sick animals were depressed and separated from the herd, dying in about 3 days. Of approximately 100 adult bison, 7 died. Necropsy of one animal revealed that gross lesions were limited to the gastrointestinal tract. V. cholerae serovar 27 (Smith) was isolated from the abomasum, duodenum, and colon of this animal. A swab specimen from the intestine of another dead bison also yielded V. cholerae serovar 27 (Smith).
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PMID:Isolation of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae associated with enteric disease of herbivores in western Colorado. 407 68

Eleven autopsied cases of bronchiolar emphysema are reported. In all, both lungs were involved. Their pleural surfaces were finely bosselated, presenting an appearance resembling that of the liver in Laennec's cirrhosis. The lungs were firm, they cut with increased fibrous resistance, and the cut surfaces were honeycombed with cysts.Microscopically, the cysts originated in terminal bronchioles. Their walls were thickened with fibrous tissue, elastic fibres and prominent smooth muscle. Areas of lung parenchyma were replaced by fibrous tissue rich in elastic fibres.The etiology of this disease is unknown. Inherent weakness of the myoelastic wall of the respiratory bronchiole, hypoplasia of the distal segment of the respiratory unit, and superimposed recurrent respiratory infections probably are essential in its pathogenesis. The pulmonary changes cause interference with hemorespiratory gaseous exchange.Death was due to respiratory failure in seven cases, to cardiac failure in three and to superimposed staphylococcal pneumonia in one.
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PMID:Bronchiolar emphysema (diffuse bronchiolectasis)--so-called muscular cirrhosis of the lungs. 582 39

The cases of 135 consecutive elderly patients 70 years old or older who had valve replacement and related surgical procedures from October, 1977, through April, 1982, were reviewed. There were 75 men and 60 women. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.16 +/- 5%. The overall operative mortality was 8% (11 patients). The early operative deaths were related mainly to cardiac failure, low cardiac output, sepsis, and renal and multiorgan failure. To assess the operative risk, these 135 patients were compared with 312 younger patients (less than 70 years old) who had undergone similar procedures during the same period. The operative mortality in this group was 5.2% (16). In-hospital complications included arrhythmia (13%), psychosis (7.4%), respiratory failure (6.7%), renal failure (6.7%), cerebrovascular accident (5.2%), myocardial infarction (4.4%), and reoperation for bleeding (2.2%). Wound dehiscence occurred in 1.5% of the patients, and pulmonary emboli and sepsis developed in 0.7%. Of these complications, only the incidence of cerebrovascular accident appeared to be more common in the elderly group (5.2% versus 2.8%), but it had no statistical significance (p = 0.18). A follow-up of 3,892 patient-months was completed in 98.4% of the survivors. There were 8 late deaths (6.4%). Six were related to the valve or to ongoing cardiovascular disease. Thirty-four patients subsequently required medical attention: 4 had bleeding because of the anticoagulant; 3 required a blood transfusion; and 27 were hospitalized. Six were admitted for related cardiac conditions and 7, for observation of other conditions; 14 underwent surgical procedures not related to the cardiovascular system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Should valve replacement and related procedures be performed in elderly patients? 633 51


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