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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tuberculosis is a common cause of pericardial disease in India. Myocardial involvement, although well described in the literature, is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. We report a patient with disseminated tuberculosis and myopericarditis manifesting as cardiogenic shock. The patient gradually improved on antituberculosis drug therapy, steroids and an evidence-based guideline driven therapy for heart failure. Follow-up imaging showed calcification of the pericardium and improvement of his left ventricular systolic function.
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PMID:Tuberculous myopericarditis: a rare presentation in an immunocompetent host. 2345 55

A young woman thought to have seronegative rheumatoid arthritis developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome after treatment with sulfasalazine; this resolved with prednisone. Later she was found to be HLA-B27-positive in keeping with a spondyloarthropathy. Soon afterward, she developed clinical myopericarditis and cardiogenic shock that responded initially to methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, but recurred. An endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated active myocarditis with a mixed cell composition including rare giant cells, but not enough to classify it as giant cell myocarditis. Heart failure symptoms returned and she eventually required a heart transplant; the explanted heart showed giant cell myocarditis.
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PMID:Giant cell myocarditis in a patient with a spondyloarthropathy after a drug hypersensitivity reaction. 2347 37

It has been reported that a variety of cardiovascular side effects are induced by drugs, including psychotropic drugs. Among them, myocarditis/cardiomyopathy and long QT syndrome are addressed in this article. Myocarditis is due to inflammation of the myocardium, and the pericardium is also often involved. In that case, it is called myopericarditis. Myocarditis is caused by a variety of etiologies, including viruses, bacteria, inflammatory diseases, and drugs. Psychotropic drugs such as clozapine have been reported to induce myocarditis. In critical cases, the hemodynamics deteriorate due to cardiac insufficiency, which can be fatal. The principal of treatment of drug-induced myocarditis is, of course, cessation of the causative drug. Cardio-circulatory support including inotropes and, in severe cases, mechanical support, are also necessary. Cardiomyopathy can also be induced by drugs. Drug-induced cardiomyopathy usually presents as dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by left ventricular dilatation and reduced contraction. Anthracyclin is well-known as a cause of drug-induced cardiomyopathy. The treatment of drug-induced cardiomyopathy is in accordance with chronic heart failure. Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is also a relatively common manifestation of the cardiovascular side effects of drugs. Especially, many psychotropic drugs can induce LQTS. LQTS does not simply mean prolongation of the QT interval in electrocardiography, but it includes life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia derived from QT prolongation. Torsade de Pointes is a common ventricular arrhythmia accompanying LQTS. To avoid or detect the occurrence of these serious cardiovascular side effects in time, careful monitoring based on ECG, symptoms, and blood tests is recommended when a drug reported to induce such side effects must be used. ECG must be routinely taken before the drug is initiated. In 2 to 4 weeks after initiation, ECG may be taken regardless of the cardiovascular symptoms. If any ECG changes are noted, such as QT prolongation or ST change, consultation with a cardiologist and further evaluation are required. After the initial check-up for cardiovascular side effects, ECG should be taken regularly every 3 to 6 months. If new changes in ECG or any symptoms suggesting cardiovascular disease, such as palpitation, chest pain, and exertional dyspnea, cardiology consultation is again needed. To detect early myocardial damage due to myocarditis or cardiomyopathy, the measurement of serum troponin T or I is also useful.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular monitoring of psychotropic drugs]. 2471 72

Clinical manifestation of black widow spider bite is variable and occasionally leads to death in rural areas. Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after black widow spider bite are rare and the associated prognostic significance is unknown. Kounis syndrome has been defined as an acute coronary syndrome in the setting of allergic or hypersensitivity and anaphylactic or anaphylactoid insults that manifests as vasospastic angina or acute myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis. Allergic myocarditis is caused by myocardial inflammation triggered by infectious pathogens, toxic, ischemic, or mechanical injuries, such as drug-related inflammation and other immune reactions. A 15-year-old child was admitted to the emergency department with pulmonary edema after spider bite. ST segment depression on ECG, elevated cardiac enzymes and global left ventricular hypokinesia (with ejection fraction of 22%), and local pericardial effusion findings confirmed the diagnosis of myopericarditis. After heart failure and pulmonary edema oriented medical therapy, clinical status improved. Patient showed a progressive improvement and LV functions returned to normal on the sixth day. Myopericarditis complicating spider bite is rare and sometimes fatal. The mechanism is not clearly known. Alpha-latrotoxin of the black widow spider is mostly convicted in these cases. But allergy or hypersensitivity may play a role in myocardial damage.
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PMID:Reversible Myocarditis and Pericarditis after Black Widow Spider Bite or Kounis Syndrome? 2650 87

We describe a case of primary meningococcal C pericarditis with myocardial involvement in a 71-year-old male that is thus far the oldest patient with isolated meningococcal pericardial disease and only the third patient with primary meningococcal myopericarditis described in English literature. Our patient was successfully treated by full sternotomy and surgical drainage combined with intravenous ceftriaxone. Mild symptoms unresponsive to anti-inflammatory treatment and leukocytosis may guide clinicians towards the correct diagnosis. It is important to recognize this cause of pericarditis as the relatively mild clinical presentation may rapidly progress into tamponade and right-sided heart failure.
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PMID:A Rare Case of Primary Meningococcal Myopericarditis in a 71-Year-Old Male. 2800 13

Myopericarditis with a pericardial effusion as the initial presenting feature of SLE is uncommon. We report an unusual case of myopericarditis and pericardial effusion with subsequent heart failure, as the initial manifestation of SLE. The timely recognition and early steroid administration are imperative in SLE-related myopericarditis with cardiomyopathy to prevent the mortality associated with this condition.
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PMID:Myopericarditis and Pericardial Effusion as the Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 2826 Dec 71

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is a recently developed noninvasive, nonradiating, operator-independent technique that has been successfully used for the evaluation of congenital heart disease, valvular and pericardial diseases, iron overload, cardiomyopathies, great and coronary vessel diseases, cardiac inflammation, stress-rest myocardial perfusion, and fibrosis. Rheumatoid arthritis and other spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue diseases (CTDs), systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, and sarcoidosis are among CTDs with serious cardiovascular involvement; this is due to multiple causative factors such as myopericarditis, micro/macrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and finally heart failure. The complicated pathophysiology and the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of CTDs demand a versatile, noninvasive, nonradiative diagnostic tool for early cardiovascular diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment follow-up. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can detect early silent cardiovascular lesions, assess disease acuteness, and reliably evaluate the effect of both cardiac and rheumatic medication in the cardiovascular system, due to its capability to perform tissue characterization and its high spatial resolution. However, until now, high cost; lack of interaction between cardiologists, radiologists, and rheumatologists; lack of availability; and lack of experts in the field have limited its wider adoption in the clinical practice.
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PMID:Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: clinical implications in the evaluation of connective tissue diseases. 2854 62

Troponin is a specific cardiac infarction isoform (TnIc, TnTc) and its determination is used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction even with normal Electrocardiography. The increase of cardiac troponins occurs in a variety of clinical situations without an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cardiologists and emergency physicians are often confronted with positive troponins that are difficult to interpret. Few data exist about the occurrence, the clinical characteristics and the predictive value in case of absence of ACS. The objective of this study is to present the main extracardiac causes responsible of the increase of TnIc. We present some clinical cases that illustrate this diagnostic problem. A troponin elevation is observed in myopericarditis, renal failure, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, septic shock, rhabdomyolysis, stroke and others where there is a myocardial damage unrelated to coronary occlusion. Many cases of false positives, which raise the possibility of analytical interferences, must be identified.
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PMID:Troponin elevation in other conditions than acute coronary syndromes. 2875 Dec 86

Campylobacter jejuni-associated myopericarditis (CAM) has been reported infrequently in the literature. We describe a case of immunocompetent young woman presenting with chest pain, with history of recent travel and diarrhea. Evaluation led to diagnosis of myopericarditis associated with this infection. The patient improved with conservative management. The pathogenesis of CAM remains unknown. Patients present with chest pain, heart failure, pulmonary edema and arrhythmias. Diagnostic evaluation includes EKG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI and stool culture. Conservative management recommended and routine use of antimicrobial therapy is controversial. CAM is a rare but severe complication of C. jejuni infection. It should be considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain with associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Food finds its way to a woman's heart: Campylobacter jejuni-associated myopericarditis. 2897 Nov 7

BACKGROUND Influenza viruses induce uncomplicated infections in most cases in individuals with no known predisposing factors. Acute febrile illness is generally limited to upper respiratory symptoms and several constitutional symptoms, including headache, lethargy, and myalgia. However, influenza A virus is a cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some patients are at risk for serious and fatal complications. Cardiac involvement is a well-known condition, but, clinically apparent influenza myocarditis is not common. Few reports exist regarding recurrent fulminant influenza myocarditis. CASE REPORT We report here a fatal case of heart failure following myocarditis in a 14-year-old female who had seasonal flu symptoms but was otherwise healthy. H3N2 influenza virus infection was detected by molecular analyses of throat and nasal swabs, suggesting damage to myocardial cells caused directly by the virus. CONCLUSIONS Pericardial effusion myopericarditis may occur during influenza virus infection in young individuals, even those with no known predisposing factors. Physicians need to be aware that acute myopericarditis can be a fatal complication of recent influenza virus infection in all patients with instable hemodynamics. Early diagnosis and treatment could reduce, in some cases, the risk of severe cardiac events. However, this sudden and fatal outcome was difficult to predict in a healthy young female with no known risk factors.
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PMID:Fatal Myopericarditis Following an Influenza A (H3N2) Infection. 2973 62


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