Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxic effects of chronic ethanol abuse on cerebral and hepatic function have long been recognized. The role of ethanol abuse as an etiologic factor in heart disease is less clear and is often attributed to coexistent malnutrition. However, malnutrition has been dissociated from ethanol use in many patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Studies in various animals provide major support for the role of ethanol as a toxic agent when used in large amounts for a prolonged period. Abnormalities that result from ethanol in test animals include depression of left ventricular performance and metabolic and morphologic changes that parallel the changes in human alcoholics with subclinical mechanical dysfunction of the heart, such as symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias, particularly during intensive alcohol ingestion. What causes the progression to heart failure or arrhythmias is not known, but several factors may be involved. These include, particularly in males, the cumulative effects of ethanol alone or after intensified drinking episodes, excessive exposure to trace metals or superimposed infection. The low prevalence of clinical nutritional deficiency in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the apparent infrequency of heart failure in patients with cirrhosis or neuropathy supports the view that the cardiac abnormality is often not dependent on malnutrition. Clinical data indicate that the cessation of alcohol intake may reverse the disease or interrupt its progression in many patients. However, the pathogenetic process may continued unabated in some who become abstinent.
 ...
PMID:Ethanol abuse and heart disease. 702 Sep 81

Most of the patients on RDT, tolerate hemofiltration better than hemodialysis because hemofiltration rarely causes hemodynamic complications, or symptoms of disequilibrium. In comparison with hemodialysis, hemofiltration is more extensive and it's performance more laborious. With regard to the advantages, hemofiltration should be preferred in patients with high degrees of acotemia who appear for the first treatment, in patients suffering from cardiac insufficiency or autonomic insufficiency, and furthermore in all dialysis patients suffering from therapeutic refractory hypertension, neuropathy, and in risked elderly patients with hypotension.
 ...
PMID:[When is hemofiltration indicated, in the treatment of renal insufficiency? (author's transl)]. 724 19

Polyglucosan body diseases in adults, contrary to infantile cases (Andersen's disease or type IV glycogenosis or amylopectinosis), are usually not associated with a significant deficiency of the branching enzyme (= amylo-1,4-1,6 transglucosidase). We, therefore, report on a 19-year-old male with complete branching enzyme deficiency presenting with severe myopathy, dilative cardiomyopathy, heart failure, dysmorphic features, and subclinical neuropathy. His 14-year-old brother had similar symptoms and was erroneously classified by a previous muscle biopsy as having central core disease but could later be identified as also having polyglucosan body myopathy. The skeletal muscle, endomyocardiac, and sural nerve biopsies as well as the autopsy revealed extraordinarily severe deposits of polyglucosan bodies not only in striated and smooth muscle fibers, but also in histiocytes, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, axons and astrocytes. Occasional paracrystalline mitochondrial inclusions were also noted. Thus, this patient represents to our knowledge the first juvenile, familial case of polyglucosan body disease with total branching enzyme deficiency and extensive polyglucosan body storage.
 ...
PMID:Juvenile hereditary polyglucosan body disease with complete branching enzyme deficiency (type IV glycogenosis). 768 69

Lyme borreliosis, caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, has been found to cause a variety of clinical syndromes including cardiomyopathy, dermatopathy, neuropathy, and arthropathy. Lyme carditis was originally described as a mild self-limited carditis, primarily involving the conduction system. However, recent reports suggest that cardiac involvement may be more serious than previously suspected, and may cause heart failure and probably congestive cardiomyopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection (Lyme-borreliosis)]. 823 94

Diseases that cause malfunction of the sympathetic nervous system provide insight into how the sympathetic nerves normally modulate responses to stress. This paper discusses insight from a number of such diseases. Transection of the cervical spinal cord leads to autonomic dysreflexia. This syndrome causes episodic hypertension in quadriplegic patients from excess sympathetic activity reflexly activated by bowel or bladder distention. These patients lack cerebral control of spinal sympathetic reflexes. Radiotherapy to the neck can destroy the arterial baroreceptors that monitor blood pressure fluctuations. Patients who lack baroreceptors have exaggerated blood pressure responses to stress. They have episodes of hypertension and hypotension that cause headaches and dizziness. Diabetics and uremics often develop a peripheral sympathetic neuropathy. They have postural hypotension and diminished blood pressure responses to stress. They are often unable to tolerate heat, exercise, or fluid deprivation. Patients with heart failure deplete sympathetic neuronal norepinephrine stores. The continual stress of heart failure diminishes their ability to respond to further stresses such as standing upright or exercising. Patients with diseases of the sympathetic nervous system illustrate that everyday occurrences such as a change in posture or ambient temperature are stresses requiring a marked change in sympathetic nervous activity. Both physical and psychological stresses elicit large initial sympathetic neuronal responses that are subsequently damped by feedback inhibition from structures such as the baroreceptors. Damage to part of these feedback loops leads to exaggerated pressor responses to stress.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal stress responses in patients with diseases affecting the sympathetic nervous system. 841 84

We reported clinical features of 11 patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). Subjects included 2 males and 9 females with a mean age of 56.3 year-old. The age of the onset of bronchial asthma was high, and most of the patients had been suffered from frequent and severe asthmatic attacks during the period preceding the vasculitis. At the onset of the disease, patients showed a variety of vasculitic symptoms, including fever and neuropathy. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was universally seen. Three patients died of heart failure or central nerve involvement. Vasculitis ameliorated in 8 cases following steroid treatment. Discontinuing maintenance therapy with low-dose steroid resulted in a relapse in only one case. The significance and indication for long-term maintenance therapy should be further clarified. Based on these findings and previous publications, the clinical characteristics of CSS in Japan are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[A review of allergic granulomatous angitis (AGA) (Churg-Strauss syndrome)]. 849 57

Cardiovascular disease is a significant medical problem. The diabetic population is even more susceptible to cardiovascular complications and heart failure than non-diabetic patients. Atherosclerotic complications, a neuropathy and microvascular lesions have all been implicated causally in the accelerated cardiovascular disease during diabetes. However, one mechanism which may participate in the abnormalities in heart performance demonstrated during diabetes and may also contribute to heart failure in the diabetic is a derangement in the capacity of the myocardial cell to regulate its [Ca2+]. The purpose of this treatise is to identify the current controversies and conclusions available regarding the specific defects in Ca2+ flux thought to contribute to these cardiac defects during diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the heart during diabetes. 921 71

Common to all studies of wound healing modalities is the need to convert the chronic wound into an acute wound and to maintain the wound in an acute state while subsequently using adjunctive therapy. Hence, precise control and documentation of wound care is extremely important in order to avoid contamination of the effects of a specific modality with the effects of good wound care. Falanga has noted that neuropathy of diabetes has been given wide support as the primary pathogenic component of diabetic ulcers, whereas less recognition has been made of the wound-healing failure component. The therapies discussed in this article considered the wound-healing failure component. Oxygen is a drug. The use of oxygen under normobaric conditions at higher than normal inspired partial pressures is standard operating procedure when clinicians are faced with patients with respiratory embarrassment or heart failure. The use of oxygen under hyperbaric conditions, however, remains estranged from the mainstream thoughts of most clinicians. Abnormally hypoxic wounds may benefit from specific oxygen therapy in hyperbaric dosage ranges. However, correction of abnormal wound oxygen tension alone does not guarantee healing. Hyperbaric studies have been criticized for the lack of well-defined wound care protocols, the absence of precise wound healing measures, and poorly defined wound healing endpoints. Studies with growth factors and human skin equivalents exclude patients typically referred for hyperbaric therapy. Patients referred for hyperbaric therapy often have larger wounds with greater severity of peripheral vascular disease with ABIs < 0.7 and TcPO2 < 30 to 40 mm Hg, are often on medications known to inhibit wound healing (e.g., steroids), or have concomitant medical disorders (collagen vascular disease, renal failure) associated with poor healing. No hyperbaric study has controlled stringently for all of these factors. Nevertheless, HBO2 is more specific and successful for the intended purpose of correction of abnormal tissue oxygen tensions than are growth factors for the intended purpose of growth. Similarly, skin substitutes are limited in their application and have not been tried in patients with ABIs < 0.7 or TcPO2 values < 30 mm Hg. In our view, hyperbaric therapy probably can be combined successfully with allogenic grafts and human skin equivalents in this group of patients. Hyperbaric therapy can generate a sufficient granulation base in which these products should be able to close properly selected wounds successfully. No studies of this combined modality approach exist. Finally, regardless of the modality used to aid in wound closure, long-term outcomes probably depend more on neuropathy and large vessel disease than on microangiopathy and local wound-healing defects. The modalities presented in this article must prove to be both cost effective and practical before they are widely disseminated. Nevertheless, the ability to manipulate the local wound environment is no longer inviolate as was once presumed, and current investigations continue to advance therapeutic options in this most fascinating and challenging discipline.
 ...
PMID:Wound healing. New modalities for a new millennium. 946 73

The moose (Alces alces L.) in an acid rain affected region in south-west Sweden has developed a complex disease with numerous clinical signs, most of which are consistent with those of secondary copper (Cu) deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. The clinical signs of the moose disease reported to date include diarrhoea, anorexia, emaciation, achromotrichia, alopecia, sudden heart failure and osteoporosis. Findings at necropsy included mucosal oedema, atrophied lymphoid tissues of the mucous membranes of the alimentary tract, neuropathy, neuronal degeneration and uni- or bilateral corneal opacity. In a study of clinically healthy animals from the affected region in Sweden over a 12-year period (1982-1994), the hepatic Cu concentration decreased by 50% and the liver and kidney cadmium (Cd) concentration decreased by 25-35%, while the molybdenum (Mo) concentration increased by 20-40%. These changes are probably related to an increase in the pH of the soil and water in the moose environment and a consequent change in the uptake of these elements by the plants consumed by the moose. It is noteworthy that the occurrence of the disease in the mid 1980s coincided with increased liming undertaken to counteract the noxious effects of acid rain in this region. Clinical signs and lesions of the moose disease resemble those reported for Cu deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. To elucidate the complex, multi-faceted clinical signs of the moose disease, the clinical signs and necropsy findings are discussed in relation to the biochemical functions of certain well-known Cu-dependent enzymes, e.g. depigmentation of hair due to depressed tyrosinase activity, osteoporosis by depressed lysyl oxidase activity, sudden heart failure due to decreased activity of lysyl oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase; in addition, mucosal lesions and ulcerations due to loss of activity of diamine oxidase as well as of lysyl oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase. It is concluded from the present findings that the moose disease is most probably a Cu deficiency and/or a molybdenosis-type syndrome.
 ...
PMID:'Mysterious' moose disease in Sweden. Similarities to copper deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. Biochemical background of clinical signs and organ lesions. 949 61

Late effects have to be taken into account after survival of high doses of ionizing radiation, after protracted and fractionated exposure as well as after radiotherapy. In this respect species specific peculiarities become apparent. In burros, e.g., late effects after high dose of acute radiation exposure comprised shortening of lifetime. While in this species no tumors were seen, squamous-cell carcinoma around the eyes, in the skin above the sacral region and withers became apparent in cattle. Dogs developed tumors of different localisation, type and dignity after pre- and postnatal exposure. Cataracts appeared in cattle. Primarily, early cardiac failure (myocardial atrophy, fibrosis of the pericardial sac) was seen in chicken. After protracted and fractionated exposure especially the pig showed an exceptional tolerance. Late effects of the skin (atrophy), liver (degeneration), kidney (fibrosis) and nerves (neuropathy) were described in particular for dogs and pigs.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic damage in domestic animals after ionizing radiation (review)]. 988 Sep 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>