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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-nine patients between the ages of 13 and 88 with sinus node disease, who received a permanent ventricular pacemaker between 1965 and 1976 at one institution, were followed to determine the natural history of the disorder after permanent pacing. Nineteen had ischemic heart disease, six had primary myocardial disease, and eight valvular heart disease. In 26, no etiology for the arrhythmia was apparent. The one- and five-year survival was 85.5% and 73.1%, respectively. Patients with underlying heart disease had a significantly poorer survival when compared to those without (58% versus 94% at 36 months) and all but 3 of 13 deaths in the first 36 months were in those with ischemic heart disease. There was a distinct trend toward poor survival in those with heart failure prior to pacemaker implant and those over age 65. Patients with sinus bradycardia alone did best (91% survival three years after implant), while those with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome and those with sinoatrial arrest alone did distinctly worse (76% and 65% survival at three years, respectively). Twelve of 18 deaths were due to progression of underlying heart disease. The long-term prognosis with symptomatic sinus node disease can be predicted in part by (1) etiology of the underlying heart disease, (2) pre-implant arrhythmia, and (3) ventricular function prior to implant.
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PMID:Symptomatic sinus node disease: natural history after permanent ventricular pacing. 9 95

The role of hypertension in cardiovascular disease was studied in the hypertensive coarcted monkey during the feeding of an atherogenic and nonatherogenic diet. During the 15-month period of observation, half of the hypertensive coarcted monkeys developed cardiovascular disease which included heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and sudden death. There were no cardiovascular complications in the control normotensive monkeys except for one cholesterol-fed animal. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was higher in monkeys with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia than in those with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia alone. Postmortem studies revealed that the former monkeys had both hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease, whereas the monkeys with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia had either hypertensive or atherosclerotic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease was characterized not only by hypertrophy of the left ventricle but also by focal myocardial degeneration and fibrosis and by focal thickening and narrowing of the small coronary arteries, particularly the sinus node artery and the atrioventricular node artery. The finding of transmural myocardial infarction in two monkeys with patient coronary arteries suggests a possible role of coronary artery spasm in ischemic heart disease in hypertension. The cerebral vascular complications of hypertension included hypertensive encephalopathy, transient "ischemic" attacks, and hemorrhagic stroke. The complications were associated with severe hypertension and with hypertensive vascular disease or hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the cerebral arteries.
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PMID:Role of hypertension in ischemic heart disease and cerebral vascular disease in the cynomolgus monkey with coarctation of the aorta. 14 28

Cardiovascular diseases and their treatment in the aged are discussed under the headings of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, cardiac failure (with special reference to the use of diuretics and digoxin), infective carditis and thyroid disorders. Advanced age modifies the approach to treatment; the choice of drugs and the dosage must be adjusted accordingly. Possible drug interactions should also be considered. A rehabilitation program is of great benefit for many elderly cardiac patients. It should be planned individually and involve psychologic and environmental factors as well as medical therapy. After successful treatment of the acute episode, even the aged patient can undertake rewarding activities in his remaining lifetime.
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PMID:Drug therapy for cardiovascular disease in the aged. 23 90

Echocardiographic findings in patients with ischemic heart disease are described; their correlations with clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic data are presented and discussed. Regional abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion and/or thickening during systole are detected in 84 per cent of patients with acute myocardial infarction and in a high percentage of patients with larger than or equal to 75 per cent narrowing of a major coronary artery. These abnormalities may occur with stress and may be reversible. Left ventricular wall thinning during systole indicates acute ischemia or infarction and thin, dense myocardial echoes indicate scar. Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction is useful in predicting heart failure and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in predicting surgical mortality for patients undergoing aneurysmectomy and/or coronary artery bypass surgery. Echocardiography has not proved useful in determining graft patency following coronary artery bypass surgery. Technical difficulties and limitations of echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease are discussed.
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PMID:Echocardiography in ischemic heart disease. 32 1

The factors associated with the development of heart failure and of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients were studied in a prospective clinico-pathological series of 171 cases. Multiple logistic analyses allowed the contributions of multiple factors to be assessed simultaneously. Senile cardiac amyloidosis, ischaemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with heart failure and had additive effects. Senile cardiac amyloidosis, ischaemic heart disease, mitral valve ballooning and higher age were significantly associated with atrial fibrillation but their additive effects were modified by significant interactions between ischaemic heart disease and mitral valve ballooning (whose effects were multiplicative) and senile cardiac amyloidosis and age (the age effect being confined to those without amyloidosis).
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PMID:The clinical pathology of heart failure and atrial fibrillation in old age. 47 59

Clinical-functional analysis of the efficacy of propranolol was conducted in 32 patients with ischemic heart disease and stable angina pectoris (with angiographically verified stenosing coronary atherosclerosis) depending on the initial myocardial contractility. A marked antianginal effect of propranolol in a dose of up to 160 mg daily was demonstrated irrespective of the initial myocardial contractile function. Treatment with propranolol was not attended with signs of cardiac insufficiency or aggravation of its subclinical symptoms. The results of the study provide convincing data that optimum doses of blocking agents of beta-adrenergic receptors of the myocardium causing a negative inotropic effect even in patients with diminished myocardial function may be used more widely.
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PMID:[Myocardial function and the use of propranolol in ischemic heart disease]. 49 63

Data are presented on the application of ultrasonic sectoral scanning and B-scanning for the evaluation of the segmental function of the left ventricle in normal persons and in the patients with ischemic heart disease. In the normals the apical and low basal segments play the main part in the blood ejection from the ventricle, while in ischemic heart disease contractility disorders corresponding to the ventricle area affected with sclerosis are revealed. The method recommended permits one to assess not only qualitatively but also quantitatively the extent of segmental pathology. The marked symptoms of cardiac insufficiency and the extent of the ventricle affection are compared. It has been shown that the affection of more than 26% of the ventricular perimeter leads to the development of the symptoms of cardiac insufficiency.
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PMID:[Left ventricular segmental function in ischemic heart disease studied by ultrasonic methods]. 49 78

In 70 patients with thyrotoxicosis and in 24--with ischemic heart disease with energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency a study was made of electrolyte metabolism in the blood plasma, erythrocytes and 24-hour urine. The sodium and potassium content in erythrocytes rose, and sodium gradient diminished in the patients examined, this being related to the development of energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency.
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PMID:[Electrolyte metabolism in thyrotoxicosis with energy-dynamic cardiac insufficiency]. 52 44

A comparison was performed between the echocardiographic (EchoC) indices for the pump and contraction function of left ventricle and the stage of left-ventricle insufficiency, determined according to clinical criteria of 82 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD)--old myocardial infarction and (or stable angina pectoris without left-ventricle infarction and for stable angina pectoris without left-ventricle aneurysm. With IHD, regardless of the considerable asynergy of left ventricle, some of the functional EchoC-indices were established to preserve their diagnostic values and definitely to differentiate the majority of the cases with, from those without, cardiac insufficiency, objectivizing the determination of initial left-ventricle insufficiency. The most significant diagnostic value of EchoC-assessment of left-ventricle function in IHD has the following complex of EchoC-indices: diastolic extent, left ventricle index resp, expulsion fraction (EF), shortening fraction (FS), average velocity of circumferential fibres (VCF), distance between point E of mitral echogram and interventricular septum (S-E distance), telediastolic interval A-C of mitral echogram and extent, index of left auricle, resp.
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PMID:[Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease (IHD)]. 52 71

A phonocardiological analysis of the first heart sound was made and systolic time intervals were measured in 40 patients (ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathies) with incipient cardiac failure (functional groups I--II according to the NYHA) with auscultatory changes of the first heart sound and in controls of randomly selected healthy persons or patients in whom cardiopulmonary disease was excluded. The patients in all diagnostic groups differed significantly (P less than 0.05--0.001) in practically all the phonocardiographic indicators from the controls. The most constant abnormal finding was a pathological split of the first heart sound which may be divided into three phonocardiographic forms. Simultaneously, systolic time intervals alterations (P less than 0.02--0.001) were also found in these patients and indicated a lowered performance of the left ventricle. The results suggest that 1) a certain relation exists between systolic time intervals and the phonocardiographic pattern of the first heart sound in patients with cardiovascular diseases and those without it; 2) the modified (pathologically splitted and prolonged) first heart sound could be a sign of incipient cardiac failure.
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PMID:The first heart sound abnormalities accompanied with alteration of systolic time intervals in incipient heart failure. 53 4


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