Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osseous involvement occurs in 5-10% of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis. We are reporting an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis involving the sternum and lumbar vertebra with the formation of psoas abscess with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with fever for 3 months. A diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made on thoracic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and she was put on antituberculosis treatment. She was immunocompetent with negative human immunodeficiency virus. She conceived subsequently and had complaints of backache and swelling over the sternum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of L5 vertebra with psoas abscess. Vertebral cryptococcosis may mimic tuberculosis and malignancy. She had a bad obstetric history and experienced five, first-trimester spontaneous abortions in each successive year since 2001. This pregnancy again resulted in spontaneous abortion. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from two different sites: pus-involving the sternum and ultrasound-guided psoas abscess aspirate. Serum latex agglutination test for cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was positive. The diagnosis of cryptococcosis was delayed because the patient was diagnosed as a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, wherein clinical signs, symptoms and radiological findings in both the conditions are similar. Amphotericin B was started but she developed varicella infection and expired due to cardiac failure.
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PMID:Multiple osseous involvements in a case of disseminated cryptococcosis. 2069 90

The aim of this study has been designed to identify the tuberculosis (TB)-related proteins in pericardial effusion by proteomic approaches. TB is one of the major infectious diseases causing pericardial effusion. This study details protein profiles in pericardial effusion from three TB patients and three heart failure patients. Pericardial effusions were analyzed using 2-DE combined with the nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Eleven protein spots with differential expression in pericardial effusion were identified between the two groups of TB and heart failure patients (the control group). Seven protein spots were upregulated and four were downregulated. The composition of the pericardial effusion proteome may reflect the pathophysiological conditions affecting the progression of tuberculous pericarditis. The proteins in the tuberculous pericardial effusion with differential expression may serve as new and direct indicators of drug treatment. A possible conclusion is indicated that fibrinogen may play an important role for fibrin assembly in tuberculous pericardial effusion.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of pericardial effusion: Characteristics of tuberculosis-related proteins. 2113 50

The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between protozoa in spontaneously expectorated sputum samples and a range of clinical and immunological variables. Clinical details including age, gender, smoking status, and use of oral or inhaled steroids were recorded for a cohort of 199 patients whose spontaneously expectorated sputum samples were submitted to a Cytology Laboratory in Spain between January 2005 and December 2006. Slides were scanned for protozoa under light microscopy and scanned for monocytes/small macrophages highlighted by immunocytochemistry (CD68 monoclonal antibody). One hundred ninety-one patients provided adequate sputum samples, of whom 70 had protozoa in their sputum. There was a strong relationship between the presence of protozoa and monocytes/small macrophages identified under light microscopy (P < 0.001). A binary logistic regression model also indicated a relationship between protozoa and both smoking status and steroid use. The diagnoses in those with protozoa included infection (including tuberculosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, asthma, chronic liver disease, immunosuppression, cancer, pancreatic or renal disease, heart failure, and AIDS. The identified association between protozoa and monocytes/small macrophages in sputum suggests an immune response and warrants further investigation to clarify whether or not these organisms have any pathological significance in this wide range of conditions.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological characteristics associated with the presence of protozoa in sputum smears. 2168 74

A 9-year-old black African boy was hospitalized for heart failure revealing a severe left ventricular dysfunction associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, two submitral aneurysms, occlusion of the circumflex artery and a giant coronary artery aneurysm on the proximal left anterior descending artery. The boy was coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Though rare, association of Takayasu arteritis and submitral aneurysm leads to rethinking the pathogenesis of submitral aneurysm and suggests that some of them may be acquired. In our case, a common inflammatory process, possibly triggered by tuberculosis or HIV, may underlie Takayasu and submitral aneurysms.
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PMID:Acquired left ventricular submitral aneurysms in the course of Takayasu arteritis in a child. 2169 52

Vertebral osteomyelitis is a rare entity. Its diagnosis is often difficult because of nonspecific symptons and the high frequency of back pain in general population. Aetiologic diagnosis is essential in order to perform specific treatment. Thus, blood cultures, serology, and culture of samples obtained by bone biopsy are the basis of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging permits an accurate diagnosis showing neurological involvement when it is present. ESR and CRP are good outcome markers. Endocarditis must be suspected in patients with predisposing heart condition, heart failure, positive blood cultures and infectyions caused by gram-positive organisms. Indications of surgery are severe neurological involvement, spinal instability and drainage of big abscesses. In Spain, as well as bacteria, we should consider M. tuberculosis, B. melitensis, and fungi as a potential aetiologic agents causing the infection.
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PMID:[Infectious spondylodiskitis]. 2179 58

There have been no systematic studies of diseases causing pleural effusion in Qatar. This prospective, hospital-based study involved all adult patients (> 15 years) with pleural effusions who were admitted to referral hospitals over a 1-year period. A total of 200 cases of pleural effusion were identified (152 males and 48 females); mean age 45.1 (SD 18.5) years. A majority of patients (73.5%) were non-Qataris, mostly from the Asian subcontinent. The most frequent cause of pleural effusions was tuberculosis (32.5%), followed by pneumonia (19%), cancer (15.5%) and cardiac failure (13%). The most frequent cause of malignant effusion was bronchogenic carcinoma (38.7%), whereas Gram-positive organisms were the most frequent isolates from empyema fluid (62.5%). Histological examination and culture of pleural biopsy were the most useful diagnostic workup for tuberculosis effusions, whereas repeated cytological examination of pleural fluid and pleural biopsy were most useful for malignant effusions.
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PMID:Etiology of pleural effusion among adults in the state of Qatar: a l-year hospital-based study. 2197 86

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients are predisposed to several complications associated with pleural effusion. In addition, uremia can directly cause pleuritis. However, there are inadequate data about pathogenesis and natural course of uremic pleuritis. In this study, 76 chronic HD patients with pleural effusion admitted to the Respiratory Center of Masih Daneshvari Hospital, in Tehran, Iran between June 2005 and May 2011 were evaluated to figure out the etiology of their pleural disease. Among these patients, patients with uremic pleuritis were identified and studied. The rate of uremic pleuritis was 23.7%. Other frequent etiologies of pleural effusion were parapneumonic effusion (23.7%), cardiac failure (19.7%), tuberculosis (6.6%), volume overload, malignancy, and unknown. In patients with uremic pleuritis, dyspnea was the most common symptom, followed by cough, weight loss, anorexia, chest pain, and fever. Compared to patients with parapneumonic effusion, patients with uremic effusion had a significantly higher rate of dyspnea and lower rate of cough and fever. Pleural fluid analysis showed that these patients had a significantly lower pleural to serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio, total pleural leukocytes, and polymorphonuclear count compared to patients with parapneumonic effusion. Improvement was achieved in 94.1% of patients with uremic pleuritis by continuation of HD, chest tube insertion or pleural decortication; an outcome better than the previous reports. Despite the association with an exudative effusion, inflammatory pleural reactions in patients with uremic pleuritis may not be as severe as infection-induced effusions. Owing to the advancement in HD technology and other interventions, outcome of uremic pleuritis may be improved.
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PMID:Uremic pleuritis in chronic hemodialysis patients. 2271 71

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor of tuberculosis (TB). We studied the clinical presentation of pulmonary TB among patients with DM in comparison with patients without DM who were admitted into the hospital of the University of the Ryukyus from 2006 to 2010. The clinical data were collected from medical records retrospectively. Ten cases (25%) of hospitalized patients with pulmonary TB had DM. The DM group showed lower Body Mass Index and higher incidence of chronic heart failure and chronic renal failure. The DM group also were more likely to have cavitary lesion, had longer period of hospitalization, and higher mortality. Their causes of deaths were mainly the co-morbidities and associated complications. Further studies are warranted in order to fully elucidate the relationships between pulmonary TB and DM.
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PMID:[Clinical features of diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to a university hospital]. 2283 97

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm primarily arising from surface serosal cells of the pleura and is strongly associated with asbestos exposure. Patients with MPM often develop pleural fluid as initial presentation. However, cytological diagnosis using pleural fluid is usually difficult and has limited utility. A useful molecular marker for differential diagnosis particularly with lung cancer (LC) is urgently needed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) in pleural fluid. Pleural fluids were collected from 23 patients with MPM, 38 with LC, 26 with benign asbestos pleurisy (BAP), 5 with tuberculosis pleurisy (TP) and 4 with chronic heart failure (CHF), and the SMRP concentration was determined. All data were analyzed by using non-parametric two-sided statistical tests. The median concentration of SMRP in MPM, LC, BAP, TP and CHF were 11.5 (range 0.90-82.80), 5.20 (0.05-36.40), 6.65 (1.45-11.25), 3.20 (1.65-6.50) and 2.03 (1.35-2.80) nmol/l, respectively. The SMRP concentration was significantly higher in MPM than in the other diseases (P=0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of the MPM diagnosis was 0.75 for the differential diagnosis from the other groups. Based on the cut-off value of 8 nmol/l, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of MPM were 70.0 and 68.4%, respectively. These results indicate that the SMRP concentration in pleural fluid is a useful marker for the diagnosis of MPM.
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PMID:Soluble mesothelin-related protein in pleural effusion from patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. 2299 44

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, with ischemic heart disease alone accounting for >12% of all deaths, more than HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, lung, and breast cancer combined. Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States for the past 85 years and is a major cause of disability and health-care expenditures. The cardiac conditions most likely to result in death include heart failure and arrhythmias, both a consequence of ischemic coronary disease and myocardial infarction, though chronic hypertension and valvular diseases are also important causes of heart failure. Sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) is the dominant calcium (Ca2+) efflux mechanism in cardiac cells. Using ventricular-specific NCX knockout mice, we have found that NCX is also an essential regulator of cardiac contractility independent of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load. During the upstroke of the action potential, sodium (Na+) ions enter the diadic cleft space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The rise in cleft Na+, in conjunction with depolarization, causes NCX to transiently reverse. Ca2+ entry by this mechanism then "primes" the diadic cleft so that subsequent Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels can more efficiently trigger Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In NCX knockout mice, this mechanism is inoperative (Na+ current has no effect on the Ca2+ transient), and excitation-contraction coupling relies upon the elevated diadic cleft Ca2+ that arises from the slow extrusion of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by the ATP-dependent sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump. Thus, our data support the conclusion that NCX is an important regulator of cardiac contractility. These findings suggest that manipulation of NCX may be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure.
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PMID:Cardiac sodium-calcium exchange and efficient excitation-contraction coupling: implications for heart disease. 2322 94


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