Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 6-month-old girl died suddenly without any previous symptoms of heart failure. Autopsy examination showed cardiomegaly (97 g) with a severely fibrotized myocardium. The left coronary artery was originating from the pulmonary artery. Histologically, the myocardium showed myocardial infarcts of different ages, as well as grossly thickened arterial branches due to increased flow in left-right shunt. We suggest that rare anomalies of the coronary arteries should be considered in the autopsies of suspected sudden infant death syndrome cases.
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PMID:Sudden and unexpected death of a 6-month-old baby with silent heart failure due to anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. 147 21

Six cases of cocaine-related deaths of infants have covered the spectrum of potentially devastating effects. They include an intrauterine death of a 35-week-old fetus following acute maternal cocaine abuse; anoxic encephalopathy at birth with 3 months' vegetative survival from a similar episode; traumatic compression asphyxia in a 4-month-old; infectious cardiomyopathy with heart failure in a twin at age 21 months following maternal cocaine abuse at birth; malnutrition and dehydration in a 7-week-old during continuing cocaine abuse by the parents; and a teenage sibling's cocaine lacing of a baby milk bottle ingested by his 6-week-old brother. All the cases had positive toxicological screening for cocaine or metabolites or both in the mother at delivery or in the infant at birth, or both. There were no instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS, or "crib death"). Pathologic and toxicologic, as well as birth, developmental, and social data are presented. An integrated medical, public health, law enforcement, and educational policy to prevent or at least ameliorate these tragic cases, now approaching epidemic proportions, has yet to be developed. A careful obstetrical history and examination of the mother, indication on the birth certificate of maternal drug abuse, and notification of health authorities (by birth certificate checking, among other ways) may send an early warning message to providers for intercession. Active ingestion/injection and passive inhalation by older children and teenagers require more intensive monitoring and aggressive interaction by pediatricians, social workers, school authorities, and employers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cocaine babies: the scourge of the '90s. 200 78

During summer-like outdoor temperature, a seven-month old female infant was put into a sleeping bag, wrapped up with a blanket and tied up by her mother and a friend of hers because of unrest and continuous screaming. Prior to that, between 0.30 a.m. and 0.45 a.m., occurred the rectal measurement of temperature: 37.5 degrees C. The infant died one to two hours later. At 10.00 a.m., about 8 hours after death, in the criminal investigations of the police measurements of temperature were made: rectal 38.1 degrees C; in the pharyngeal cavity 29.5 degrees C; surrounding temperature 22.2 degrees C. In the forensic autopsy, symptoms of maltreatment were noticed: hematoma of the skin at buttock and legs, no essential change of organs. The histological investigation showed an interstitial pulmonary oedema, an acute catarrhal tracheobronchitis and hyperaemic inner organs. Concerning the complete investigation results, an acute cardiac insufficiency and circulatory failure due to hyperthermy after wrapping up and immobilisation of the child were assumed to be the cause of death. In consequence of the avowal of the maltreater they were accused of murder and convicted for bodily injury with death. The difficulties of the differential diagnosis SIDS by hyperthermy and mortal hyperthermy due to maltreatment will be discussed. The necessity of a close cooperation between police and forensic physicians is emphasized as prerequisite to clarify such events.
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PMID:[The differential diagnosis of sudden infant death or child abuse--a case of fatal hyperthermia]. 281 99

We have analyzed the myocardial lipids of an infant with glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) who died from sudden cardiac failure and of five infants who died suddenly from indeterminate causes (sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS). Histology of the SIDS hearts was normal, but there was marked fatty deposition in the GAII heart. Fatty acid composition of myocardial lipids was determined by thin-layer chromatography-gas-liquid chromatography. Total lipid was elevated 20-fold in the GAII heart. Of total fatty acids, 75% was derived from phospholipids in SIDS heart and 89% from neutral lipids in GAII heart. Increased levels of free oleic acid and a 6-fold elevation in the (n-6)/(n-3) fatty acid ratio in phospholipid were noted in GAII heart compared to SIDS hearts.
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PMID:Abnormal myocardial lipid composition in an infant with type II glutaric aciduria. 357 53

Sequential morphological changes as found in the organs of 179 SIDS infants are described. Detailed examination of macroscopic and microscopic heart lesions reveal extensive myocardial lesions which can be best described as selective focal anoxic muscle fibre necrosis at different developmental stages. Varying from case to case the myocardial lesions present themselves in an acute and subacute phases, and in most cases both phases are present at the same time. These lesions are shown to be identical with the myocardial lesions as encountered in shock and many other conditions observed in clinical cases and in experimental laboratory animals. Lesions in other organs are consistent with the effects due to cardiogenic shock. A conclusion is reached that cardiogenic shock leading to acute cardiac failure is the primary final cause of death in all SIDS infants.
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PMID:Is shock the mode of death in SIDS? 385 63

The microscopic distribution of thoracic visceral petechiae in 100 consecutive victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was retrospectively analyzed. Thymic and cardiac petechiae were more numerous near their surfaces than in the central parenchyma, suggesting that abnormal intrathoracic pressure changes were important in their pathogenesis. Low intrathoracic pressures may have preferentially distended, to the point of rupture, the outer rather than central microvasculature of these two organs. The distribution of pulmonary petechiae in association with lung congestion and edema indicated left ventricular failure. Low intrathoracic pressures generated by breathing against an occluded airway could have caused heart failure by increasing the afterload and decreasing the compliance of the left ventricle. These petechiae occur in more than 80% of SIDS cases, suggesting that abnormal intrathoracic pressure, perhaps caused by breathing against an obstructed airway, is a common terminal event.
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PMID:The microscopic distribution of intrathoracic petechiae in sudden infant death syndrome. 654 45

The hypothesis that poisoning by phosphines, arsines and stibines might be the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was investigated. Most mattress materials contain phosphorus or antimony compounds as fire retardant additives. Mattress materials in areas affected by the warmth and perspiration of the sleeping infant were found to be naturally infected by the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis which is thought to be capable of generating phosphines, arsines and stibines from materials containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony compounds. These gases may cause anticholinesterase poisoning and cardiac failure in infants, but contributory factors include the prone sleeping position and overwrapping. In England and Wales, the progressive increase in SIDS between 1951 and 1988 seems to be related to increasing use of phosphorus and antimony compounds as fire retardents in cot mattresses.
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PMID:Sudden infant death syndrome: a possible primary cause. 752 75

Medicolegal evaluation of 1495 cases of unnatural death of last 10 years was carried out in our department and the data so obtained were statistically analysed. The cases consisted of 260 inspections, 865 judicial autopsies and 370 administrative autopsies. The most frequent category was death from diseases followed by suicide, homicide, traffic accidents, other accidents and self originated accidents. In homicide cases, sharp objects were mainly used. Six cases of accident of scuba diving were included within the group of 28 cases of drowning of self originated variety. Although Okinawa is subtropical 12 cases of death by accidental hypothermia were found. Gangland fight using rifles cost 7 lives, 2 policemen, a high school student and 4 members of locally originated gangsters during last 18 months. Cardiac insufficiency was the most common of sudden unexpected death cases that complied with the data of Tokyo and Osaka. Death from alimentary disorder in Okinawa was 1.5 times more frequent than that in Tokyo and Osaka and liver disorder accounted for about 41%. The 68 cases of death from suckling contained 10 SIDS cases. Complication of medical treatment was encountered in 9 cases during the past 10 years.
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PMID:[Statistical observations on the cases of unnatural deaths examined at our department during the past 10 years]. 831 63

Analysis of autopsied cause of death during the London Fog of 1952 indicates that mortality from all respiratory causes, sudden and delayed, had a consistent male fraction of 0.622. Sudden death from heart failure had a similar male fraction of 0.612. However, heart failures after the first day of illness had a male fraction of 0.48. This significant difference in male fraction between sudden (0.61) and delayed (0.48) heart failure suggests different terminal events. Coronary sudden death may be attributable to right-sided heart failure, and the delayed form may be attributable to left-sided failure leading to pulmonary congestion. The male fraction in sudden respiratory and sudden cardiac deaths (0.612) is exactly the same as the male fraction in sudden infant death syndrome-0.612 - which has been posited as being X-linked. It is hypothesized that the same X-linked gene responsible for the 0.612 male fraction in sudden infant death syndrome may be a factor in the respiratory and sudden cardiac mortalities during the London Fog.
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PMID:A genetic hypothesis for cause of death during the 1952 London Fog. 874 92

We have observed sudden clinical death due to Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). In FCMD, brain abnormalities, such as polymicrogyria, leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopia and abnormal course of the corticospinal tracts, are well known. We investigated the brainstem of 10 FCMD and 7 control cases. Among the control cases, 5 with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy died of heart failure and 2 died accidental death. In the brainstem, the catecholaminergic neurons characterized by reaction with antiserum to tyrosin hydroxylase showed notable reduction in the reticular formation, vagal nuclei, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Delays or aberrations of neural control may contribute to the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome, and medullary gliosis occurs in the reticular formation of sudden infant death syndrome. The pathogenesis of neurons in the brainstem in FCMD may be similar to that in sudden infant death syndrome. These findings suggest neuronal dysfunction in the brainstem and may be related to respiratory, circulatory, or sleep-wake regulation disorders.
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PMID:Morphological study of the brainstem in Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy. 897 33


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