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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Continued assessment of temporal trends in mortality and epidemiology of specific heart failure in South America is needed to provide a scientific basis for rational allocation of the limited health care resources, and strategies to reduce risk and predict the future burden of heart failure. The epidemiology of heart failure in South America was reviewed. Heart failure is the main cause of hospitalization based on available data from approximately 50% of the South American population. The main etiologies of heart failure are ischemic, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular, hypertensive and chagasic etiologies. In endemic areas, Chagas heart disease may be responsible by 41% of the HF cases. Also, heart failure presents high mortality especially in patients with Chagas etiology. Heart failure and etiologies associated with heart failure may be responsible for 6.3% of causes of deaths. Rheumatic fever is the leading cause of valvular heart disease. However, a tendency to reduction of HF mortality due to Chagas heart disease from 1985 to 2006, and reduction in mortality due to HF from 1999 to 2005 were observed in selected states in Brazil. The findings have important public health implications because the allocation of health care resources, and strategies to reduce risk of heart failure should also consider the control of neglected Chagas disease and rheumatic fever in South American countries.
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PMID:Heart failure in South America. 2359 1

Dyspnea is a subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing caused by increased excitation of brain respiratory centres,(1) and is usually secondary to pulmonary or cardiac disease.(2) Heart failure is a serious public health problem in industrialised countries, with an increasing prevalence and incidence. It is more common in the elderly, and is usually caused by a defect in myocardial contraction, coronary atherosclerosis, or less frequently, valvular disease.(3) Aortic insufficiency (AI) is one of them. It may originate from infective endocarditis, congenital or valvular heart disease, or rheumatic fever. It may lead to a medical emergency due to the inability of the left ventricle to adapt to the rapid increase in the end-diastolic volume caused by regurgitation of blood from aorta to left ventricle. If not corrected, the AI can lead to acute cardiogenic shock.(4.)
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PMID:[Dyspnea caused by Coxiella Burnetii]. 2372 34

Heart failure (HF) data in Latin America (LA) were reviewed to guide health service planning in the prevention and treatment of HF. The HF epidemiology and the adequacy of relevant health service provision related to HF in LA are not well delineated. A systematic search of the electronic databases and the World Health Organization website was undertaken for HF in LA. LA countries have reduced gross income and lower total expenditure on health per capita. LA is a heterogeneous region with HF risk factors of developed and nondeveloped countries, including lower risk of raised blood glucose levels, obesity, tobacco, and aging, whereas systemic hypertension (SH), rheumatic fever, and Chagas' disease (C'D) are higher in LA. Main etiologies of HF in LA are idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (from 1.3% to 37%), C'D (from 1.3% to 21%), ischemic (from 68% to 17%), SH (from 14% to 76%), valvular (from 3% to 22%), and alcohol related (from 1.1% to 8%). The prognosis of C'D HF is worse than for other etiologies. Chronic HF is the cause of death in 6.3% of cases. Decompensated HF is the main cause of cardiovascular hospitalization. The prevalence of systolic HF varies from 64% to 69%. LA is under the awful paradox of having the HF risk factors and HF epidemiology of developed countries with the added factors of SH, C'D, and rheumatic fever. Overall, in the scenario of lower total expenditure on health per capita and lower gross national income per capita, new strategies are essential for prevention and treatment of HF in LA.
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PMID:The reality of heart failure in Latin America. 2385 Sep 10

Myocarditis consists of an inflammation of the cardiac muscle, definitively diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. The causal agents are primarily infectious: in developed countries, viruses appear to be the main cause, whereas in developing countries rheumatic carditis, Chagas disease, and HIV are frequent causes. Furthermore, myocarditis can be indirectly induced by an infectious agent and occurs following a latency period during which antibodies are created. Typically, myocarditis observed in rheumatic fever related to group A streptococcal (GAS) infection occurs after 2- to 3-week period of latency. In other instances, myocarditis can occur within few days following a streptococcal infection; thus, it does not fit the criteria for rheumatic fever. Myocarditis classically presents as acute heart failure, and can also be manifested by tachyarrhythmia or chest pain. Likewise, GAS-related myocarditis reportedly mimics myocardial infarction (MI) with typical chest pain, electrocardiograph changes, and troponin elevation. Here we describe a case of recurrent myocarditis, 5 years apart, with clinical presentation imitating an acute MI in an otherwise healthy 37-year-old man. Both episodes occurred 3 days after GAS pharyngitis and resolved quickly following medical treatment.
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PMID:Recurrent Acute Nonrheumatic Streptococcal Myocarditis Mimicking STEMI in a Young Adult. 2496 17

Rheumatic fever (RF) remains endemic in many countries and frequently causes heart failure due to severe chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease, which requires surgical treatment. Here, we report on a patient who underwent an elective surgical correction for mitral and aortic valvular heart disease and had a post-operative diagnosis of acute rheumatic carditis. The incidental finding of Aschoff bodies in myocardial biopsies is frequently reported in the nineteenth-century literature, with prevalences as high as 35%, but no clinical or prognostic data on the patients is included. The high frequency of this finding after cardiac surgery in classical reports suggests that these patients were not using secondary prophylaxis for RF. We discuss the clinical diagnosis of acute rheumatic myocarditis in asymptomatic patients and the laboratorial and imaging methods for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic carditis. We also discuss the prognostic implications of this finding and review the related literature.
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PMID:Incidental histological diagnosis of acute rheumatic myocarditis: case report and review of the literature. 2547 52

Rheumatic heart disease is a major problem in developing countries and is the cause of most of the cardiovascular mortality in young people, leading to about 250,000 deaths per year worldwide. This disease results from an abnormal autoimmune response to group A streptococci infection in a genetically susceptible host. The acute rheumatic fever, the precursor to rheumatic heart disease, can affect various organs and lead to irreversible valve damage and heart failure. The antibiotic Penicillin is generally used for the treatment and prevention of this disease. The treatment guidelines have emphasized antibiotic prophylaxis against recurrent episodes of acute rheumatic fever which is feasible and cost effective. The early diagnosis and treatment is possible if people at risk for rheumatic heart disease in endemic areas are screened. An active surveillance with echocardiography based screening may be a useful program (Marijon et al., Lancet 379(9891):953-964, 2012). The use of vitamins, C and E, and natural antioxidants protect many heart diseases.
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PMID:Rheumatic Heart Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments. 2563 46

Myocardial calcification is rare. An 88-year-old man who had previously been diagnosed with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy exhibited left ventricular asynergy on echocardiography before undergoing cholecystectomy. Computed tomography revealed severe calcification in the apical region of the left ventricular myocardium, although the coronary arteries were intact and the hemodynamics on right heart catheterization were normal. The cause of the left ventricular asynergy appeared to be myocardial calcification, thought to be the result of rheumatic fever based on the patient's past history. Stress echocardiography showed a latent risk for the development of heart failure due to the distensibility of the calcified left ventricular myocardium.
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PMID:Myocardial Calcification with a Latent Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in a Patient with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. 2613 95

We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who died from complications of rheumatic heart disease with atypical presentation. He was hospitalized for recent inflammatory and neurological symptoms. He was diagnosed with viral encephalitis. He died the day after he was discharged. The macroscopic autopsy findings were unremarkable. Histology revealed typical rheumatic heart disease. Neuropathology showed cerebral infarction due to an embolic event linked with the rheumatic valvulitis. The cause of death was determined as heart failure due to rheumatic heart disease secondary to an undiagnosed acute rheumatic fever. It is related to an autoimmune response to infection with group A streptococcus. It mainly affects children in developing countries. In our case, viral encephalitis was consistent with the medical history and the proper diagnosis was made on histological analysis. Forensic pathologists should consider this diagnosis facing a sudden unexpected death in childhood, even in industrialized countries.
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PMID:Sudden Death Due to Undiagnosed Rheumatic Heart Disease in a Child. 2867 82

The most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) was previously rheumatic mitral valve disease. However, with the disappearance of rheumatic fever and an aging population, nonvalvular LHD is now the most common cause of group 2 PH in the developed world. In this review, we examine the challenge of investigating patients who have PH and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF), where differentiating between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH-LHD can be difficult, and also discuss the entity of combined precapillary and postcapillary PH. Given the proven efficacy of targeted therapy for the treatment of PAH, there is increasing interest in whether these treatments may benefit selected patients with PH associated with HF-pEF, and we review current trial data.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: differential diagnosis and management. 2716 11

In this article, we present the case of a patient with heart failure with biological aortic valve prosthesis and multiple vascular changes consistent with Takayasu arteritis (TA) who was seen in our department receiving corticosteroids and secondary prevention of rheumatic fever (RF); it was not possible to exclude the association between both diseases.
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PMID:Difficulties in the differential diagnosis between Takayasu arteritis and rheumatic fever: case report. 2726 41


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