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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complications are the major causes of illness and death after burning and most of them stem from the burn wound. Their origin and importance are reviewed with emphasis on problems and growing points in knowledge. Fluid leakage from the circulation into the burn is the cause of hypovolemic shock, but the underlying permeability changes in the burn are only partly understood. Other nonbacterial complications include acute cardiac failure, acute anemia, hemolytic jaundice, renal failure, encephalopathy, complex hypermetabolic effects including pseudodiabetes, gastric and duodenal ulceration, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pulmonary and glomerular microthrombosis, hepatic jaundice, and arterial thrombosis. Involvement of the airway in conflagrations carries special hazards like glottic edema and inhalation of irritant fumes. Nowadays, bacterial causes are dominant and these remain the main challenge. Bacterial infection and invasion of the burn are usually responsible for septicemia, bronchopneumonia, and pyelonephritis although other sources also contribute. Indirect manifestations of septicemia include paralytic ileus, acute gastric dilatation, toxic myocarditis, and some cases of renal failure. Therapeutic complications like agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and colitis occur at times. High concentrations of oxygen given therapeutically can produce fatal aseptic hypoxic pneumonitis.
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PMID:A review of the complications of burns, their origin and importance for illness and death. 44 73

After serum creatinine levels exceeded 10mg/100ml, median survival was 55 days (to death or dialysis) in a group of 112 patients with chronic renal disease. Renal failure was partially reversible in 29 patients, partially accounting for prolonged survival. Those with polycystic kidneys, pyelonephritis, or obstructive nephropathy survived longer,partially because of more frequent reversibility and a slower increase in serum creatinine concentration. Kiabetic nephropathy, myelomatous kidneys, and amyloidosis were associated with shorter survival, less frequent reversibility, and more rapid progression. Urinary infection and extracellular volume depletion often accounted for partially reversible renal failure and prolonged survival. Blood pressure and age were not prognostic variables, while coexistent heart failure shortened survival. Survival correlated significantly with sodium excretion.
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PMID:Prognosis of chronic renal failure. II. Factors affecting survival. 114 31

This investigation was conducted to study the incidence and the causes of sow mortality in breeding herds. Data were obtained from 24 swine breeding herds with an average inventory of 3755 sows and served gilts for the total sample. Producers were involved for 12 consecutive months and agreed to submit to the diagnostic laboratory every dead or moribund sow and served gilt. The average herd death rate was 3.3% +/- 0.5 (SEM), but varied considerably among herds, ranging from 0% to 9.2%. A total of 137 sows and mated gilts died during the year, and these females had produced an average of 4.2 litters +/- 0.2 (SEM). The number of deaths was significantly higher during the months of July, August and October. The peripartum period appeared to be when sows were most at risk, with 42% of all deaths occurring during this short period of the reproductive cycle. The three major causes of death were heart failure (31.4%), torsions and accidents of abdominal organs (15.3%) and cystitis-pyelonephritis (8.0%). Other causes included endometritis (6.6%), uterine prolapses (6.6%), pneumonia (3.6%), gastric ulcers (3.6%), downer sow syndrome (2.2%), miscellaneous (8.0%) and unknown (14.6%).
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PMID:A prospective study of sow mortality in breeding herds. 188 99

The paper studies the effect of a blocking agent, calcium-niphedipine (corinfar), single or associated with other hypertensors (diuretic, sympathico-colitic), in a dose of 30 mm (3 X 10 mg) administered for about 8-10 days on a lot of 90 patients, men and women, with essentially noncomplicated AHT or associated with: pyelonephritis, cardiac insufficiency, ischemic cerebral stroke, rhythm and conduction disturbances. The systolic AT values of the patients ranged between 160 and 300 mmHg and the diastolic AT between 90 and 150 mmHg. The systolic AT decreased significantly with 40-117 mmHg and the diastolic AT with 15-55 mmHg. The drug was well tolerated and no side effect was noticed. In two cases, the AT values were not influenced by the treatment.
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PMID:[Nifedipine (corinfar) in the treatment of arterial hypertension (AHT)]. 257 28

Novel approaches to managing refractory arterial hypertension (AH) have been tested in 130 patients aged 28 to 59 years with severe or malignant hypertension. Hemosorption was performed in 70 patients in whom AH was caused by chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis (49 cases) or chronic pyelonephritis (21 cases) accompanied by the appearance of chronic renal failure. In all patients, blood pressure after hemosorption decreased by 15% to 16% on the average, resulting in progressively improved renal function and a nearly 2.0-fold reduction in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and allowing the doses of antihypertensive drugs to be reduced. Plasmapheresis was performed in 31 patients with refractory severe or malignant AH due to essential hypertension or parenchymatous diseases of the kidneys. After two to four plasmapheresis sessions with up to 2 L of plasma exchanged, blood pressure dropped by 24% compared to baseline while the doses of antihypertensive drugs were diminished and some were discontinued completely in several cases. Analysis of the sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs after plasmapheresis using the rosette technique revealed a significant decrease in the number of rosette-forming cells. The level of angiotensin II and urinary excretion of aldosterone-18-glucuronide declined progressively by nearly 50% after plasmapheresis, correlating with the antihypertensive effect of plasmapheresis. In 32 patients with severe AH complicated by refractory cardiac failure, isolated ultrafiltration was used. After one to eight sessions and the removal of 1.0 L to 35.8 L of fluid, the signs of cardiac failure diminished, the blood pressure level responded to drug therapy, and the PAC level decreased significantly. Although the mechanisms of the antihypertensive actions of hemosorption, plasmapheresis, and isolated ultracentrifugation are still not completely elucidated, these data suggest that hemosorption may act by removing nitrogenous residues from the body and reducing PAC, plasmapheresis by deblocking receptors for antihypertensive drugs and reducing the concentration of angiotensin II and the synthesis of aldosterone in the body, and isolated ultrafiltration by eliminating hyperhydration and edema of the parenchymatous organs.
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PMID:Extracorporeal methods in the management of severe and malignant arterial hypertension. 324 17

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues. Two cases of this disease are presented. They were the 16th and 17th case reported in Japan. Case 1 was a 63-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. She was hospitalized for abdominal pain and anuria. Renal X-rays showed a gas shadow in and around the left kidney, but no evidence of upper urinary tract obstruction. Although hemodialysis was done, she died of heart failure. Case 2 was a 54-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted with the complaint of fever and left abdominal pain. Renal X-rays showed a gas shadow in and around the left kidney but no evidence of upper urinary tract obstruction. He was treated with intensive antibiotic therapy, control of blood sugar, intravenous drips and percutaneous drainage. Clinical features improved, but deteriorated after 40 days of therapy. The gas shadow remained unchanged on CT scanning, and aortography showed the occlusion of the left renal artery. Nephrectomy was done after 50 days. Seventeen cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the literature including our cases are reviewed, especially the choice of the treatment is discussed.
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PMID:[Two cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis--considerations on the choice of treatment]. 359 89

On the assumption that increased urinary lysozyme concentration (;lysozymuria') indicates tubular proteinuria and therefore impaired tubular function, urinary lysozyme has been estimated in acute disorders where transient disturbances of renal function might be expected, in cases diagnosed clinically as extrarenal uraemia, and in a few examples of acute renal disease. Reversible lysozymuria occurred with hypokalaemia, postoperative ;collapse', electrolyte depletion, severe extrarenal infection, acute pyelonephritis, the nephrotic syndrome, after a few apparently uncomplicated surgical operations, and very transiently after ventricular fibrillation abolished by DC shock. There was no lysozymuria with severe uraemic heart failure, aspirin and paracetamol poisoning, or severe jaundice, nor in two cases of acute glomerulonephritis. Although lysozymuria may occasionally be useful in the clinical diagnosis of acutely disordered renal function, the results suggest that its value is limited; on the other hand, they have provided information on renal pathophysiology in acute disease.
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PMID:Lysozymuria and acute disorders of renal function. 470 97

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is responsible for 105 (1.16%) of all 9015 necropcies in a multi-specialized hospital but it occupies the third place after chronic pyelonephritis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis 9.20 per cent. In 91.4 per cent of the deceased of CGN arterial hypertension (AH) had been concomitant, with an average duration, according to anamnestic data, 6.28 years with a mainly light and moderate hypertrophy of left ventricle. Those that died of CGN without AH lived 9.20 years, on the average, wore than those with hypertension. In about 30 per cent of CGN with AH, the hypertension contributed to the lethal end prior to the terminal uremia--from cardiac insufficiency--25 per cent and cerebrovascular stroke 4.16 per cent. The significantly poorer atherogenesis in aorta and coronary and cerebral arteries is worth mentioning in case of CGN with hypertension as compared with the essential hypertension. (The deceased examined were not dialyzed). That atherogenesis is even poorer than hypertension of chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Incidence of chronic glomerulonephritis and its hypertonic terminal-stage syndrome and the severity of the cardiovascular changes among 9015 autopsied patients over 14]. 663 5

The frequency and degree of circulatory insufficiency depending on the stage of the disease are analyzed in 404 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 145 patients with chronic pyelonephritis aged 15 to 74 years. When the renal function is still preserved different degrees of circulatory insufficiency are diagnosed in 29.4% of patients. Circulatory insufficiency complicates more often chronic glomerulonephritis than pyelonephritis and is more common in the aged. Latent cardiac insufficiency is more common. In the period of chronic renal insufficiency cardiac decompensation is seen in 78.1% of cases, its frequency is practically the same in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. The mechanisms of development of cardiac insufficiency and the principles of treatment depending on the functional state of the kidneys are discussed.
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PMID:[Circulatory failure in chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis]. 712 Jul 48


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