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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is reported of dissection of the aorta in a lady of 35. The condition was complicated first by myocardial infarction and secondly by severe aortic incompetence which led, 20 years after the onset of the dissection, to the death of the patient from intractable heart failure. At post-mortem, an extensive dissection was found to involve the whole of the aorta and several of its branches, but did not involve the coronary arteries, which were normal except for the trunk of the left coronary; this was dilated. The natural history of dissections of the aorta is reviewed. The incidence, course and etiology of coronary aneurysms are also discussed.
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PMID:[Extensive aortic dissection and aneurysm of the left coronary trunk. 20-year spontaneous development]. 41 90

Platelet adhesiveness was measured in a total of 589 healthy volunteers and patients. Patients suffered from heart failure, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and deep vein thrombosis have a significant higher platelet adhesiveness as healthy volunteers. The effect of the socalled stressors on platelet adhesiveness was shown in vivo; the same values of platelet adhesiveness were seen as in patients. Therefore it can be concluded that stressors constitute a risk factor in patients with altered vessel walls.
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PMID:[Effects on platelet functions]. 43 58

False aneurysms of the left ventricle were repaired in four patients (average age, 61 years). The etiology was myocardial infarction in three patients and disruption of an apical left ventricular cannulation site in the fourth. The interval from initiating event to surgery averaged 11 months. One patient was in cardiogenic shock and succumbed in the operating room from myocardial failure. The other three patients, in functional class III at the time of surgery, survived and are currently asymptomatic. The literature records 43 patients who have undergone surgical repair of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle. The causes were myocardial infarction (12 patients), operative injury (13 patients), penetrating trauma (11 patients), and blunt trauma (seven patients). Twenty-seven (63%) were under the age of 50 years. In those who were limited by symptoms, congestive heart failure predominated. Forty seven per cent of the patients were operated upon in the first five months following the initiating event; 61% within the first year. Only four patients underwent surgery more than 48 months after the myocardial insult. Thrombus was present in 28% of the aneurysms. Morbidity was recorded in nine patients, and six patients (14%) died. This study documents the necessity for early surgical repair and the relatively low operative mortality obtained with this lethal lesion.
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PMID:False aneurysm of the left ventricle. Report of four cases and review of surgical management. 44 96

The results of serial echocardiographic examination of 51 patients with primary myocardial infarction are discussed. Echocardiography was performed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 20th days of the disease and before discharge. Thirty patients had infarct of the anterior wall and 21 of the posterior wall. The dynamics of left ventricular asynergy, end diastolic index, and volume/pressure coefficient suggested by Corya et al. were studied. The findings were compared with the indices of 20 healthy persons. The indices of regional and general contractile function of the left ventricle grew worse beginning with the first hours of the disease, the changes were most marked on the 3rd day while in cases with a fatal outcome they progressed or did not change. In cases with a fatal outcome they progressed or did not change. In cases with a favourable outcome, the indices improved gradually, first the volume/pressure coefficient and later the end diastolic index. The zones of asynergy disappeared before discharge in only 5 patients. Differences were found depending on the presence and severity of cardiac insufficiency and the localization of the myocardial infarction.
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PMID:[Serial echocardiographic studies of the function of the left ventricle in acute myocardial infarct]. 45 36

The pathological changes in blood vessels observed in primary (essential hypertension) are similar to those seen in secondary hypertension due to renal disease or other causes. In benign hypertension, the major changes are in the small arteries and arterioles especially in the kidney. Interlobular arteries exhibit intimal thickening and duplication of the elastic lamina (elastosis) and there is hyaline change in the media of many arterioles. In some respects these changes are an accentuation of vessel ageing. Malignant hypertension usually presents in a younger age group (35--50 years) and is characterized pathologically by fibrous endarteritis in the interlobular arteries of the kidney and fibrinoid necrosis in the walls of a proportion of the efferent glomerular arterioles. Similar vessel changes are seen in other organs but many of the pathological changes in the heart and brain of patients with benign hypertension are related to the accentuation of arterosclerosis. There is an increased mortality from cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage due to ruptured berry aneurysms in patients with benign hypertension. Although there is ischaemic damage to the kidneys in benign hypertension, death from renal failure is uncommon. Severe ischaemic damage to renal glomeruli and renal failure does, however, occur in malignant hypertension.
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PMID:Vascular pathology in hypertension. 46 85

The condition of the blood sympathetico-adrenal system was studied in 200 patients suffering from macrofocal myocardial infarction with various clinical courses. Considerable hyperadrenalia was determined when myocardial infarction was complicated by acute cardiac insufficiency, cardiogenic shock or acute disorders of rhythm. High noradrenalin ejection was noted in rupture of the myocardium. Determination of activity of the sympathetico-adrenal system is important in appriasal of the severity and prognosing of the disease and the choice of the tactics of rational therapy in myocardial infarction and its complications.
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PMID:[Sympathetic-adrenal system in various complications of myocardial infarct]. 49 61

The dependence between the severity of cardiac insufficiency and the size of the necrotic lesion of the heart muscle, measured according to the area of 99m Tc-pyrophosphate cumulation and the rate of liberation of the isoenzyme MV creatine phosphokinase into the blood, was studied in 77 patients with myocardial infarction in the acute period of the disease. It was demonstrated that the severity of left ventricular insufficiency is directly dependent on the size of necrosis of the heart muscle. Not only the size of the necrotic focus but also the state of the contractility of the other parts of the myocardium is an important factor determining the origin and severity of cardiac insufficiency.
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PMID:[Size of myocardial necrosis and left ventricular insufficiency in acute myocardial infarct]. 49 84

Some problems of the pathogenesis of the development of acute cardial insufficiency were studied on the material of 2-hour experimental myocardial infarction in dogs. Acute cardial insufficiency developed owing to additional load on the heart (partial stricture of the aorta) after ligation of the posterior circumflex branch of the coronary artery. It was found that 24 hours after the removal of the immediate causes of acute cardiac insufficiency (removal of clamps from the coronary artery and aorta) the symptoms of the contractile weakness of the left heart correlated directly with electron microscopic signs of increased degeneration of intracellular structures and did not depend on the level of energetic processes in cardiomyocytes and the structure and function of sarcolemma. The restoration of the bloodflow in the previously ligated coronary artery for 2 hours did not improve the condition of the cells in the ischemic zone but enhanced reparative processes in the non-ischemized zone of the left ventricle.
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PMID:[Role of changes in myocardiocytes in the development of acute heart failure in experimental myocardial infarct]. 49

Serial treadmill exercise testing (mean 5.5 tests/patient) was used to evaluate the prognosis of 200 males (mean age 53 years) without clinical heart failure or unstable angina pectoris 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.2 mV 3 weeks after MI was significantly more prevalent in patients with subsequent cardiac arrest (100%) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (64%) than in patients without subsequent events within 2 years of infarction (35%) (p less than 0.05). Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia on multiple tests 5-52 weeks after MI was more prevalent in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (90%) than in patients without subsequent events (47%) (p less than 0.001). By contrast, exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia on a single test at 3 weeks was a less powerful predictor of subsequent cardiac events. Exercise-induced ischemia 3 weeks after MI predicted early fatal events, while ventricular arrhythmia on serial testing predicted later nonfatal events.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of serial exercise testing after myocardial infarction. 49 48

A comparison was performed between the echocardiographic (EchoC) indices for the pump and contraction function of left ventricle and the stage of left-ventricle insufficiency, determined according to clinical criteria of 82 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD)--old myocardial infarction and (or stable angina pectoris without left-ventricle infarction and for stable angina pectoris without left-ventricle aneurysm. With IHD, regardless of the considerable asynergy of left ventricle, some of the functional EchoC-indices were established to preserve their diagnostic values and definitely to differentiate the majority of the cases with, from those without, cardiac insufficiency, objectivizing the determination of initial left-ventricle insufficiency. The most significant diagnostic value of EchoC-assessment of left-ventricle function in IHD has the following complex of EchoC-indices: diastolic extent, left ventricle index resp, expulsion fraction (EF), shortening fraction (FS), average velocity of circumferential fibres (VCF), distance between point E of mitral echogram and interventricular septum (S-E distance), telediastolic interval A-C of mitral echogram and extent, index of left auricle, resp.
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PMID:[Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease (IHD)]. 52 71


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