Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the best known anticancer drugs, and is used in the treatment of lymphoma, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and a number of other cancers. However, DOX has some serious side effects, the worst being lethal heart failure. Occasionally, its side effects result in the cessation of the anticancer treatment, thus having a serious adverse influence on prognosis. Agents that can be administered as alternative prophylactics or to ameliorate the side effects of DOX will be useful in increasing the safety and efficacy of anticancer therapy. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone secreted by many organs, including the heart; it has an organ-protective effect, including antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress. Blood AM levels increase with heart failure; endogenic AM has been suggested in order to protect the heart. Furthermore, exogenous AM administration has shown therapeutic effects for heart failure in patients. However, it is unclear whether AM can protect the heart against drug-induced cardiac injury in vivo. The present study was performed in order to investigate the effects of AM on DOX-induced cardiac damage. Male BALB/c mice were treated with DOX and/or AM. Exogenous AM improved the survival ratio of DOX-treated mice. In addition, AM reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels following DOX treatment. On pathological examination, AM was shown to inhibit DOX-induced cardiac tissue damage, mitochondrial abnormality, and cell death. These findings suggest that AM has a protective effect against DOX-induced cardiac damage.
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PMID:Effects of Adrenomedullin on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Damage in Mice. 2690 82

A man in his 50s presented to our hospital for anemia and was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastases. He underwent gastrojejunostomy and received postoperative chemotherapy. Despite stable disease with chemotherapy, he complained of cough and respiratory discomfort and was subsequently admitted with progressive respiratory distress. Pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure developed, and he died of sudden cardiopulmonary arrest 9 days after admission. An autopsy revealed widespread tumor metastasis, and he was diagnosed with pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy(PTTM)associated with gastric cancer. Although PTTM is a rare clinicopathological entity that causes severe pulmonary hypertension, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea in patients with carcinoma, regardless of clinical improvement.
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PMID:[An Autopsy Case of Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy That Progressed Slowly during Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer]. 2802 59

The number of patients with end-stage heart failure treated by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is dramatically increasing, because the LVAD has been widely accepted for its clinical results. According to the initiation of destination therapy, the prevalence of malignancy in patients with an LVAD is estimated to increase. In patients with LVADs, abdominal surgery for visceral malignancy is associated with technical difficulties because of the presence of an LVAD pump or the driveline which is located transversely in the preperitoneal space. Herein, we describe the technical management for complete resection of gastric cancer in a patient with an LVAD.
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PMID:Curative surgery for gastric cancer in a patient with an implantable left ventricular assist device. 2816 17

Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is the primary adverse event that limits the use of trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the incidence and risk factors of TIC in HER2-positive gastric cancer are not known. Therefore, we evaluated the incidence and predictive factors of TIC in gastric cancer patients treated with trastuzumab in clinical practice. We reviewed cardiac dysfunction in HER2-positive gastric cancer patients between December 2005 and April 2015 in a prospectively-collected database that included prospective clinical trials at Yonsei Cancer Center, Republic of Korea. TIC was defined as an absolute decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of at least 10 percentage points from the baseline to a value less than 55%, as identified by a multiple-gated acquisition scan or an echocardiogram. Among the 115 patients, 70 patients (60.9%) received trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy, and 45 patients (39.1%) received chemotherapy alone as a first-line therapy. Symptomatic heart failure was not observed in either group, but a significant asymptomatic drop in LVEF was noted in five (7.1%) of the trastuzumab combined-group patients and in one (2.2%) chemotherapy-only group patient [hazard ratio (HR), 3.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-29.8; P=0.257]. TIC was observed more frequently in elderly patients than in younger patients (HR, per age in year, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.31; P=0.019). Similar to prior observations in breast cancer, TIC in gastric cancer patients is not frequent or reversible. However, the asymptomatic drop in LVEF should be monitored continually in HER2-positive gastric cancer patients treated with trastuzumab, especially in elderly patients.
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PMID:Cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer. 2897 8

Carbon monoxide (CO) is well-known as toxic gas and intrinsic signaling molecule such as neurotransmitter and blood vessel relaxant. Recently, it has been reported that low concentration of CO exerts therapeutic actions under various pathological conditions including liver failure, heart failure, gastric cancer, and cardiac arrest. However, little has been known about the effect of CO in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). To test whether CO could exert a beneficial action during oxidative cell death in PD, we examined the effects of CO on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. CORM-2 treatment decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, which had been increased by 6-OHDA. CORM-2 increased phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is a transcription factor regulating antioxidant proteins. Subsequently, CORM-2 also increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD), which were antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf2. These results suggest that CO released by CORM-2 treatment may have protective effects against oxidative cell death in PD through the potentiation of cellular adaptive survival responses via activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, leading to increasing antioxidant defense capacity.
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PMID:Carbon Monoxide Ameliorates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Death in C6 Glioma Cells. 2942 49

Cardiovascular disorders in cancer patients with cachexia have recently become a great concern. However, the relationship between cancer cachexia and cardiac dysfunction remains unclear, due to lack of suitable models. We established a novel murine model of cancer cachexia by implantation of 85As2 cells, a cell line derived from human gastric cancer cells, presenting anorexia, weight loss and low fat-free mass similar to those observed in patients. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction is expected in this model, which has not been yet examined. In the present study, we firstly evaluated cardiac functions with the model. Secondly, we investigated effects of voluntary wheel running (VWR) on cachexia-induced cardiac dysfunction using this model, as the exercise is considered to be one of therapies for chronic heart failure. 85As2 cells were transplanted subcutaneously into mice, which observed a symptomatic cachexia; decrease in body, skeletal muscle weight, and food intake. In addition, this cachexia mouse developed severe cardiac atrophy and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) also markedly reduced with cachexia progression. Moreover, VWR suppressed the decrease in food intake and skeletal muscle weight loss in this model, and improved LVEF with suppression of heart weight loss. These results imply that our 85As2-cachexia mice models show cardiac dysfunction and VWR may improve not only cachexia symptoms but also cardiac dysfunction. As exercise therapy is generally introduced for the purpose of improving heart failure symptoms, this study suggests a possible therapeutic effect of exercise on cardiac dysfunction induced by cancer cachexia.
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PMID:[Cardio-oncology - elucidation of the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction caused by cancer therapy and cancer cachexia]. 3237 37

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) currently play an important role in the treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure who require a bridge to heart transplantation. As the LVAD population increases, the incidence of cancer patients with an LVAD is assumed to be increasing as well. For gastric cancer patients with an LVAD, surgery may be the only curative treatment, especially as chemotherapy is scarcely available. However, we cannot perform an upper-middle incision in these patients because of the LVAD's location and driveline. Furthermore, to reduce the risk of driveline infection, minimally invasive surgery is desirable. Therefore, laparoscopic surgery is, where possible, suitable for achieving a secure approach to the abdominal cavity. However, laparoscopic surgery for patients with LVAD requires careful consideration not only for anesthetic management, but also for the technical procedure. We ingenuously performed laparoscopic gastrectomy for a gastric cancer patient with LVAD to preserve the device and obtain a good surgical view.
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PMID:Laparoscopic gastrectomy for heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices. 3256 44

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is an acute, progressive, and fatal disease. PTTM manifests as subacute respiratory failure with pulmonary hypertension, progressive right-sided heart failure, and sudden death. An antemortem diagnosis of PTTM is very difficult to obtain, and many patients die within several weeks. We herein report a case of PTTM diagnosed based on a transbronchial lung biopsy. In this case, we finally diagnosed PTTM due to gastric cancer because of its histological identity. The patient was administered chemotherapy, including angiogenesis inhibitors, against gastric cancer at an early age and survived for a long time.
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PMID:A Long-term Survival Case of Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy due to Gastric Cancer Confirmed by the Early Diagnosis based on a Transbronchial Lung Biopsy. 3261 65

An increasing number of studies have explored the activities and functions of galectins. However, translation of these researches into clinical practice seems to be lacking. As compared to scattered individual studies, meta-analyses can provide a more comprehensive review of current evidence and reach a more unbiased and powered conclusion by synthesizing data from diverse studies. In this paper, findings from meta-analyses were reviewed to establish the role of galectins in diagnosis and prognostic assessment of various human diseases. First, in patients with cancer, galectin-1 expression is often associated with poorer survival, but galectin-9 expression is associated with better survival. Galectin-3 is a diagnostic biomarker for thyroid cancer and a predictor of worse survival in patients with colorectal cancer and improved survival in patients with gastric cancer. Second, galectin-3 is useful for diagnosis and prognostic assessment of heart failure and prediction of atrial fibrillation and its recurrence. Third, in chronic kidney disease, galectin-3 is valuable for predicting poor survival. Fourth, during pregnancy, galectin-13 is potentially helpful for identifying patients who do not have preeclampsia.
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PMID:Galectins for Diagnosis and Prognostic Assessment of Human Diseases: An Overview of Meta-Analyses. 3274 62

A 76-year-old Japanese man with a history of stomach cancer and chronic atrial fibrillation was referred to our department with left atrial thrombus. He had a history of gastric amyloidosis diagnosed by a pathological specimen of the stomach; however, further examination for amyloidosis was not performed. The patient displayed clinical signs and symptoms of heart failure and echocardiography showed a thick left ventricular wall. Since cardiac amyloidosis was suspected, the patient underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy. These results are consistent with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis). DNA analysis of transthyretin (TTR) was performed and a heterozygous Val122Ile mutation was identified. Notably, his only son requested the analysis; however, no mutations were noted. ATTR Val122Ile is one of the mutations in TTR that are associated with hereditary amyloidosis, causing severe cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of the ATTR Val122Ile mutation is 3.9% in the African-American population. However, the occurrence of this mutation in Asian populations is very rare. This is the second reported case of the ATTR Val122Ile variant in Japan and the first case tested including familial genes. <Learning objective: Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) Val122Ile variant is rare in Asian people. This is the second case of ATTR Val122Ile variant in Japan and the first case tested including familial genes. This case suggests this mutation is present even in Asian people. It is important to evaluate transthyretin gene mutations even in elderly ATTR cardiac amyloid without apparent family history of amyloidosis. If there is a gene mutation, it is necessary to search for transthyretin mutation within the family members.>.
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PMID:A case of cardiac amyloidosis in an elderly Japanese patient with amyloidogenic transthyretin Val122Ile variant. 3313 14


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