Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dyspepsia may result from over-indulgence in alcohol and food, or from anxiety and emotional problems. It may also indicate a peptic ulcer, oesophagitis or less commonly, gallstones or gastric cancer. Investigation by endoscopy or barium studies is always indicated when an organic lesion is suspected. Reassurance, tranquillizers and antispasmodics help patients with functional dyspepsia. Antacids given hourly between meals are important in the treatment of all symptomatic peptic ulcers. Cimetidine causes rapid symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcer symptoms, and most ulcers will heal with six weeks' therapy. Gastric ulcer can be treated with carbenoxolone, but this drug is avoided in the elderly and in patients with cardiac failure or hypertension. Anticholinergic drugs are of value in duodenal ulcer, especially for night pain, but they should not be used in patients over the age of 50. Special diets are of no value. For the heartburn of oesophagitis, weight reduction and a regime of regular antacid therapy remain the important measures.
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PMID:The treatment of dyspepsia. 92 13

A 73-year-old Japanese man with a history of partial gastrectomy due to gastric cancer 4 years previously was admitted because of intermittent fever. The patient developed abdominal pain, erythema, and myalgia in addition to the fever during the final clinical course, and died of acute heart failure. Autopsy disclosed atrophy of the left lobe of the liver and acute myocardial infarction. Neither metastasis nor recurrence of the cancer was observed. Small- and medium-sized arteries of the visceral organs showed various stages of necrotizing vasculitis with narrowing of the lumina. The vasculitis was most prominent in the left lobe of the liver and in the heart. Narrowing of the portal vein due to portal tract inflammation in addition to vasculitis of the hepatic arteries may have induced ischemia and infarction, which had resulted in atrophy of the left hepatic lobe.
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PMID:Polyarteritis nodosa with atrophy of the left hepatic lobe. 136 33

This study is to calculate a risk of lung cancer in a cohort of 1411 sarcoidosis cases which were followed for a 3 year period from 1984 to 1987. The physicians were requested to answer the questionnaire about progress of the disease by mail. Excess death was investigated using standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The expected number of deaths was calculated from Japanese sex-age specific mortality rate in 1985, using person-year method. Death from all causes and cancers did not show any excess. SMR being 0.98 and 0.97 respectively. The SMR of lung cancer was 3.26 (male: 5.56, female: 3.03), being statistically significant. The SMR of lung infection was 4.2, with statistical significance. The SMR of other main causes of death in Japan i.e., cerebrovascular accident, ischemic heart diseases and heart failure was less than 0.88. It is probably that sarcoidosis is a risk factor of lung cancer. The SMR of leukemia and uterine cancer was 5.88 and 8.70, respectively, though the observed number of leukemia was too small to conclude how high the cancer risk is among sarcoidosis patients. Gastric cancer, hepatic cancer and colon cancers were not observed.
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PMID:Excess death of lung cancer among sarcoidosis patients. 166 41

The mitomycins are antitumor antibiotics that are under investigation now for more than 30 years. Mitomycin C (MMC) is the best investigated subtype. It serves as a prototype for drugs with bioreductive alkylation, which is a unique feature of this class. MMC is mainly active under anaerobic circumstances. The pharmacokinetics are linear in a two-compartment model. The main toxicities of MMC are thrombocytopenia and leucocytopenia. Rare but severe side effects are a hemolytic uremic syndrome, pneumonitis and cardiac failure. MMC has a wide clinical antitumor spectrum with efficacy in various tumor types such as gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and bladder cancer. Still, the above mentioned side effects prevent a more widespread use. The most important features of the drug will be reviewed.
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PMID:Mitomycin C: mechanism of action, usefulness and limitations. 213 Oct 38

Three hundred fifteen patients with operable gastric cancer were randomized to receive fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and mitomycin (FAM) or no adjuvant treatment between September 1981 and July 1984. After excluding ineligible patients, 281 patients are included in this analysis. Treatment was moderately well tolerated by the majority of patients, the common side effects being nausea and vomiting (58%) and alopecia (57%). Three possible treatment-related deaths were seen, all due to cardiac failure. At median follow-up of 68 months, 164 patients have died, 73 in the treated arm and 91 in the control arm. There was no significant difference in disease-free or overall survival between the two arms of the study (P = 0.21). There is some evidence that patients with more advanced carcinoma (T3-T4) derived some benefit from treatment (P = 0.04). The interpretation of this finding must take into account that all subgroups were defined retrospectively, and this could, therefore, be a chance finding. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy as given in this trial is not indicated as routine treatment in operable gastric cancer, but that further evaluation in stage T3-T4 patients is warranted.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing adjuvant fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin with no treatment in operable gastric cancer. International Collaborative Cancer Group. 219 22

This is an autopsy report of multiple primary cancers observed in a patient who had clinically been diagnosed as chronic arsenic poisoning. An 88-year-old man, non-smoker, had worked in an arsenic mine for 6 years from the age of 47. He had undergone operations for Bowen's disease and gastric cancer at ages 80 and 86, respectively. At autopsy, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and a polypoid lesion in the piriform recess were found. Furthermore, microscopic examination revealed latent prostatic adenocarcinoma and oncocytoma in the kidney. The polypoid lesion of the piriform recess appeared to originate from the duct of the minor salivary gland in the pharynx, showing an adenoid cystic carcinoma-like pattern with squamous cell carcinoma in part. The cause of death was thought to be respiratory failure due to bronchopneumonia and pulmonary edema as well as hydrothorax, and chronic heart failure following ischemic heart disease. Bowen's disease was followed by four internal malignant tumors, even though the etiological relation between these cancers and arsenic is not clear.
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers in a case of chronic arsenic poisoning--an autopsy report. 233 47

Eight patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), considered as a high risk for an operation because of severe accompanying disease, were treated with a self-retaining intraurethral catheter set. Two patients were judged unfit for operation (one because of severe cardiac failure, the other because of severe respiratory failure) and 1 patient rejected an operation. The BPH surgery was postponed in the others because of recent operations for such diseases as gastric cancer or because of severe gastric ulcer. All patients voided freely after stent placement and were continent. The device was left in place for 1 to 16 weeks. The chief complaint was frequency of voiding, with intervals of 1 to 2 hours. Some micturition discomforts such as urgency were recognized in 2 patients, but disappeared within 1 to 2 days. Pyuria observed before treatment disappeared in all but 1 patient. Average residual urine volume calculated on ultrasonograms was 54 ml. Stone formation was demonstrated in 1 patient 9 weeks after placement. We concluded that the intraurethral stent is an effective device for high-risk patients with BPH. However, a longer follow-up study will be needed to exclude late side effects.
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PMID:Experience with a new intraurethral stent for high-risk patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. 750 40

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that low dietary potassium intake may have an important role in determining the development of diseases such as hypertension, and perhaps even stomach cancer, and that increased potassium intake may have beneficial effects in several other conditions. Dietary adjustment or active potassium supplementation has been suggested as a natural, less costly and safe method of increasing potassium levels, although active supplementation with tablets or solutions is not recommended in healthy people with normal serum potassium levels. However, increasing dietary potassium intake in the elderly and in patients with renal impairment must be considered with caution. Diuretics have a long established role in the management of hypertension and heart failure. There is no convincing evidence to suggest that the small reduction in plasma potassium levels associated with low dose thiazide and loop diuretic therapy needs to be routinely prevented by the use of potassium-sparing drugs. In non-digitalised patients little association has been found between mild diuretic-induced hypokalaemia and arrhythmias. Thus, the routine prophylactic use of potassium-sparing diuretics in combination with non-potassium-retaining diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and oedematous states is not justified. Based on current evidence, treating all patients whose serum potassium level decreases below 3 mmol/L is recommended, although for certain patients at particular risk of hypokalaemia, levels may need to be maintained above 3.5 mmol/L. In overt hypokalaemia, several therapeutic options are available to the clinician. These include increased consumption of potassium-rich foods, the use of salt substitutes, medicinal potassium supplementation or distal tubular (potassium-sparing) diuretics.
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PMID:Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics. A review and guide to appropriate use. 751 Jun 15

Sixteen elderly patients (age > or = 60 years, elderly group) with mitral stenosis and 20 young patients (age < or = 59 years, young group) underwent percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) by the single balloon technique. Pulmonary arterial and mean left atrial pressures, mitral valvular pressure gradient and left atrial dimension were significantly decrease in both groups after PTMC. Mitral valve areas by Gorlin formula were significantly increased from 1.14 +/- 0.40 to 1.78 +/- 0.66 cm2 in the elderly group and from 1.25 +/- 0.50 to 2.04 +/- 0.81 cm2 in the young group after PTMC. Thirteen elderly and 19 young patients became in NYHA class I or II after PTMC, and three elderly patients with early gastric cancer had the lower risk of the gastrectomies by preoperative PTMC. But, two elderly patients remained in NYHA class III or IV due to increased mitral regurgitation and late tamponade, and one elderly patient died by heart failure after PTMC. PTMC has the advantages of shorter hospitalization and lower invasion for the patients compared with surgery, therefore PTMC is an effective treatment in both elderly and young groups. Elderly patients with severe mitral stenosis have higher risk of PTMC and are needed discrete strategy.
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PMID:[Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy in elderly patients with mitral stenosis]. 823 Jul 82

The causes of death in long-term survivors of stomach cancer after a gastrectomy have been investigated in a follow-up study of 320 such patients, with special focus on the postoperative development of a second primary cancer. The five- and 10-year overall survival rates of early stomach cancer patients were 87.5 and 75.8%, respectively, and of advanced stomach cancer patients, 44.2 and 37.5%, respectively. A multivariate analysis identified the patient's age and stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis as separate prognostic factors for overall survival. During the observation period, 15 (4.7%) patients developed a second primary cancer, so that no significantly elevated risk of developing a second primary cancer was demonstrated. During the same observation period, however, 48 (15%) of the patients died of a non-cancerous disease, 12 succumbing to an acute myocardial infarction and/or heart failure. Given these results, it is felt that continued follow-up of long-term stomach cancer survivors should be pursued to prevent or impede the development of a non-cancerous disease and/or a second primary cancer, so that the life of such former patients can be prolonged.
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PMID:A follow-up study of resected stomach cancer patients with special emphasis on the incidence of second primary cancers. 828 86


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