Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the reliability of the transcutaneous (t.c.) method of measurement of arterial PO2 and PCO2 in adult man. In 33 simultaneous measurements of 9 normals and 12 patients with a wide range of hypoxemia, we found: t.c. PCO2 = 3.62 + 1.29 PaCO2 +/- 7.3 (r = 0.96) and t.c. PO2 = 11.14 + 0.86 PaO2 +/- 9.89 (r = 0.92). Recalculating t.c. PCO2 to 37 degrees C we can obtain: t.c. PCO2 = 2.7 + 0.97 X PaCO2, stating that there is no significant difference between t.c. PCO2 and PaCO2. The t.c. apparatus detects 10 and 90% O2 pressure changes with a delay of time of about 15 s and 1 min, respectively; the t.c. method is therefore not suitable for detecting changes in PaO2 caused by sleep apnea of short duration. On the contrary the t.c. method provided a useful monitoring of arterial PO2 and PCO2 changes during the night in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD patients. A nocturnal monitoring of t.c. PO2 and PCO2 seems: (a) absolutely necessary in non-COPD hypoxemics, especially if total lung capacity (TLC) and/or residual volume (RV) are significantly reduced; (b) not absolutely necessary in COPD hypoxemics, provided they have an enlarged TLC and/or a very expanded RV; (c) advisable in intermediate situations, e.g., in COPD hypoxemics with an associated restrictive disorder caused by heart failure, congestion of pulmonary bed, parenchymal or rib cage disease, in order to establish the optimal concentration of oxygen for each patient and to avoid severe nocturnal hypoxemia without producing a dangerous rise in PaCO2.
 ...
PMID:Value of nocturnal monitoring of transcutaneous O2 and CO2 pressures in adults with respiratory failure. 392 61

Eleven critically ill patients with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias refractory to currently approved antiarrhythmic drugs were treated with intravenous amiodarone. Two patients had acute myocarditis, five had acute myocardial infarction, two had left ventricular failure secondary to ischemic heart disease, one had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and one manifested postoperative atrial fibrillation. Eight of the patients had severe cardiac failure and five had hypotension requiring intravenous dopamine. Five patients were treated for recurrent ventricular fibrillation, two for recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and four for recurrent atrial arrhythmias. Six patients had repeated cardioversions. The arrhythmias had lasted a mean of 88.3 hours resistant to a mean of 2.7 different intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs. The ventricular arrhythmias did not recur after commencing intravenous amiodarone, but some minor atrial arrhythmias occurred for 24 hours. One patient died of intractable left ventricular failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, and respiratory arrest during treatment. The dose of amiodarone was 150 mg over 5 minutes, followed by 600 mg/24 hr for 3 to 4 days; one patient on total parenteral nutrition required intravenous amiodarone for 20 days. Hypotension, cardiac failure, and bradyarrhythmias were not induced by this treatment. Intravenous amiodarone can be used safely in critically ill patients with impaired left ventricular function to control life-threatening refractory cardiac arrhythmias.
 ...
PMID:Intravenous amiodarone in the treatment of refractory life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in the critically ill patient. 395 53

The clinical syndrome of "shock liver," also known as ischemic hepatitis, is characterized by sudden elevation (to more than 20 times the upper limit of normal) of SGOT and SGPT in response to cellular anoxia, followed by resolution to near normal levels within seven to ten days. In our experience with ten cases, systemic hypotension was documented in only four, but processes characterized by decreased cellular perfusion were identified in all and included cardiac failure or arrhythmia, sepsis, cerebrovascular accidents, renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We were also able to document the transient rise in serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and prolonged prothrombin time that followed the transaminase elevations by 24 to 48 hours in most cases, followed by rapid resolution. In neither of the two cases in which tissue was available by biopsy after resolution of the biochemical abnormalities did we find the classic histologic picture of necrosis in zone 3 ("centrilobular necrosis"). The clinical picture of shock liver is so characteristic and resolves so rapidly that there should be no confusion with other causes of marked elevations of transaminase levels.
 ...
PMID:Shock liver. 407 Nov 67

Neurologists are becoming increasingly aware of the frequency and clinical importance of sleep-related respiratory impairment. Sleep-induced narrowing of the upper airways underlies the widespread and supposedly trivial complaint of snoring, which may not only constitute a risk factor for the cardiocirculatory system, but in predisposed individuals, may lead to a sleep apnea syndrome, with its array of serious disturbances, including hypersomnia, systemic and pulmonary hypertension and ultimately heart failure. Idiopathic chronic alveolar hypoventilation, or Ondine's curse, is a fairly stereotyped clinical syndrome: sleep-related respiratory insufficiency in the absence of airways stenosis. Finally, sleep, and REM sleep in particular, significantly aggravates hypoventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kyphoscoliosis or chest musculoskeletal disorders.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-related respiratory disorders. 408 59

Of 34 patients admitted to hospital with left ventricular failure seven died before echocardiograms could be repeated after treatment and in three no echocardiograms could be obtained owing to chronic obstructive lung disease. In the remaining 24 patients echocardiograms were taken soon after admission and compared with echocardiograms taken later, after clinical improvement. The results show that in most patients both anterior and posterior motion of the posterior left ventricular wall increased. The rate of backward diastolic motion was appreciably less before and after treatment of heart failure compared with that in a small group of normal younger healthy men. This technique is a quick and apparently reliable way to assess ventricular function. The rate of diastolic motion is probably a reflection of left ventricular wall compliance.
 ...
PMID:Left ventricular wall movement in heart failure. 509 24

The treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has three main purposes: 1. to reduce the work of breathing, 2. to prevent exacerbation of the disease, and 3. to lessen the complications of chronic hypoxemia. The treatment of bronchospasm (beta 2-stimulators, xanthines, parasympathicolytics and possibly corticosteroids) is or primary importance. Harmful irritants, such as cigarette smoking, should be eliminated to decrease hypersecretion. Both well directed antibiotic therapy and treatment of heart failure influence the outcome of therapy. Finally, accessory measures such as physiotherapy and physical exercise are also part of the rehabilitation program for these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Ambulatory treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases]. 610 57

Twenty-six patients with open-angle glaucoma were investigated to see if and to what extent topical treatment with timolol 0.5% produced systemic effects. All of the patient had contraindications to the systemic use of beta-blockers such as bradycardia, cardiac insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some patients the treatment had marked cardiovascular or pulmonary effects, especially in the group with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
 ...
PMID:[Beta-blocking treatment (author's transl)]. 612 29

This study examined the hearts of 55 patients dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with and without cor pulmonale, quantitated histologically the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the left and right ventricle, and determined the relationship to associated disease states. Comparison has been made to a control group of 17 patients free of cardiopulmonary disease. Patients with associated and advanced ischemic heart disease, as proved by marked atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, have significantly increased myocardial fibrosis throughout all layers of the left ventricular wall in comparison to control patients or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease free of associated cardiac disease. Right ventricular fibrosis was not significantly increased; however, one case showed a marked degree of fibrosis related to myocardial infarction. Subdivision of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease into groups with definite anatomic right ventricular hypertrophy, a clinical diagnosis of cor pulmonale, or with chronic hypoxemia failed to show any difference in the percentage of myocardial fibrosis of the ventricles among these groups. Increased fibrosis of the right or left ventricle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, therefore, is not related to the degree of myocardial hypertrophy pathologically, the hypoxemic state, or clinical heart failure, but to ischemic heart disease with myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:Quantitation of fibrosis of the heart in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without cor pulmonale. 622 97

We have studied a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) who initially presented with recurrent asthmatic attacks followed by progressive dyspnea. Chronic obstructive lung disease was suspected at first although involvement of cardiac and other organ systems and marked eosinophilia eventually led to the diagnosis. Thereafter a diffuse interstitial pattern gradually developed on the chest radiograph which persisted despite vigorous treatment for cardiac failure. This was due to infiltration and cuffing of the small pulmonary arteries by eosinophils. The bronchi showed changes consistent with asthma. Review of the literature indicates that this type of vascular change is common in HES but involves predominantly organs other than the lung. Similar pulmonary arterial changes have been produced experimentally in the calf by prolonged intravenous infusion of antibiotics, indicating that this may be a hypersensitivity reaction to a blood-borne material entering the pulmonary circulation.
 ...
PMID:Hypereosinophilic syndrome with pulmonary vascular involvement. 671 8

A prospective study of 208 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction was undertaken to determine the differences between Q- and non-Q-wave infarction, concerning data from the history, clinical course, and 6-month follow-up. There were 177 patients with Q-wave infarction and 31 patients with non-Q-wave infarction. There were no significant differences for the following variables: age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, positive family history, hypertension, obesity, previous infarction, history of unstable angina, heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Killip class in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), arrhythmias and conduction defects in the CCU as well as drugs used. Patients with non-Q wave infarction had a higher incidence of stable angina before the myocardial infarction and a lower value of creatine kinase (CK) and serum glutamic oxalacetic transferase (SGOT). During the 6-month follow-up, 9 cardiac deaths and 17 reinfarctions occurred, while 74 patients presented angina. There were no differences between the two groups concerning the incidence of cardiac death or angina, but patients with non-Q-wave infarction had a higher incidence of reinfarction at 6 months (p less than 0.001). We conclude that although patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction have a lesser degree of myocardial damage, they have a high incidence of early reinfarction which puts them in a high-risk group.
 ...
PMID:Q- versus non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics and 6-month prognosis. 671 48


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>