Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Red lunulae are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, cardiac failure, hepatic cirrhosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, psoriasis, carbon monoxide poisoning, twenty-nail dystrophy, and reticulosarcoma. We examined four patients with red lunulae. Three had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Two of these three were alcohol abusers and were without any of the conditions previously associated with red lunulae. Two of the four also had palmar erythema. Histopathologic examination of the red lunula in one of the four cases did not show signs of neovascularization. We report our findings in these patients, which suggest that red lunulae result from increased arteriolar blood flow, a vasodilatory capacitance phenomenon, or changes in the optical properties of the overlying nail so that normal blood vessels become more apparent.
 ...
PMID:Red lunulae revisited: a clinical and histopathologic examination. 264 22

Diuretics and beta blockers are the mainstay in treating mild and moderate systemic hypertension, but there is controversy as to which should be used first. Recent evidence of an increase in sudden death and a greater number of intolerable side effects in the diuretic-treated groups in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial in the U.S. and the Medical Research Council Trial in Great Britain has prompted some to suggest beta blockers as first-line therapy. However, beta blockers also have side effects, such as decreased ventricular function in patients with mild heart failure, increased airways resistance in those with chronic obstructive lung disease, increased plasma lipids, in particular low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased problems in patients with peripheral vascular disease and those with diabetes requiring insulin treatment. Many new beta-blocking drugs with different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties allow the physician to choose the best one for each patient. beta-blocking drugs with long durations of action, high levels of bioavailability, beta 1 selectivity and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity appear most suitable for therapy. Cardioselectivity is suggested for patients with obstructive lung disease and peripheral vascular disease, and diabetic patients who take insulin. Long durations of action permit infrequent administration and recently agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity have been shown to have less effects on plasma lipid levels. Acebutolol also reduces ventricular arrhythmias, and may therefore be used to reduce sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of beta-blocking drugs can indicate the most appropriate choice for hypertensive patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of beta-blocking drugs influencing choice in treatment of systemic hypertension. 288 49

Dilated cardiomyopathy was observed in 2 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. This association raises first a diagnostic problem: the low specificity of clinical, radiographic and electrocardiographic signs makes it difficult to diagnose a left ventricular failure in such patients. Echocardiography is useful, but right and left heart catheterization and coronary arteriography are needed to establish the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and exclude other causes of left cardiac failure. The cause-effect relationship between the 2 diseases is not easy to evaluate. It is studied here in the light of the different mechanisms suggested to explain the repercussions function and notably the interactions between ventilation and right and left ventricular function. However, the association of the 2 diseases seems to be fortuitous. Their reciprocal repercussions, notably in the field of haemodynamics, are unquestionable and make the overall prognosis worse.
 ...
PMID:[Left ventricular insufficiency in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies. A cause to look for: dilated cardiomyopathy]. 296 69

Ten patients with respiratory failure and nocturnal hypoventilation were treated for three to nine months by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Four patients had chronic obstructive lung disease (median FEV1 19% predicted) and six restrictive chest wall disorders (median FVC 25% predicted); eight of the patients also had cardiac failure. The median daytime arterial oxygen tension, measured before and after at least three months' treatment, increased from 6.2 (range 5.4-9.6) to 9.1 (7.1-9.8) kPa in those with restrictive disease (p less than 0.05), and from 6.0 (5.7-6.5) to 7.1 (6.3-7.7) kPa in the four with airflow limitation (NS). Median values for arterial carbon dioxide tension over the same time fell from 8.2 (range 6.7-9.8) to 6.5 (6.0-6.9) kPa in the group with restrictive disease (p less than 0.05) and from 8.2 (7.0-9.2) to 7.1 (4.9-7.7) kPa in those with airflow limitation (p less than 0.02). Total sleep time while patients were using nasal positive pressure ventilation varied from 155 to 379 (median 341) minutes, and included 4-26% rapid eye movement sleep (median 14%). The percentage of monitored time during the night in which the arterial oxygen saturation was less than 80% fell from a median (range) of 96 (3-100) to 4 (0-9) in the six patients with restrictive disease and from 100 (98-100) to 40 (2-51) in those with airflow limitation. There were no changes in spirometric values but exercise tolerance improved in all patients. The technique may prove an acceptable alternative to long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in selected patients.
 ...
PMID:Control of nocturnal hypoventilation by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. 314 60

The records of 133 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage were reviewed to assess the frequency of systemic complications and their influence on outcome and neurological complications. The mean age of 63 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was 11 years higher compared to 70 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Concomitant disease was more frequent in ICH than in SAH, and general atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiac failure were associated with an increased mortality. 94% of all ICH and 79% of all SAH patients developed at least one systemic complication. A correlation was found between initial and late hyperglycemia, and high mortality rate and poor survival quality. In both groups an association of cardiac arrhythmias with intracranial pressure and an unfavourable outcome were observed. SAH patients with QT-prolongation had an increase in mortality and developed ischemic deficits more frequently. Pulmonary complications and disturbances of blood pressure regulation were associated with an unfavourable outcome, and in SAH patients with occurrence of neurologic complications.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence and prognosis of internal medicine complications in spontaneous intracranial hematomas]. 321 Dec 45

The effect of pulmonary artery hypertension on right-ventricular performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. Decreased values of right-ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) have been reported, but most patients with stable COPD are not in cardiac failure and have normal or even increased cardiac outputs. We therefore hypothesized that RVEF may be afterload dependent, and thus a poor parameter of cardiac function, and that right-ventricular contractility may be normal even in COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension. We therefore studied 24 COPD patients using a combined hemodynamic and radionuclide approach. RVEF and thermodilution stroke volume index were measured simultaneously at rest in all 24 patients and also during bicycle ergometry in 9 patients. We then calculated end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indices and derived right-ventricular systolic pressure-volume relations in all and the slopes (E) of the pressure-volume line in 9 patients. RVEF was normal in COPD patients without pulmonary hypertension, but was reduced in those with pulmonary hypertension. A strong inverse linear relation between RVEF and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.73; p less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.69; p less than 0.001) could be demonstrated, indicating RVEF to be highly afterload dependent. Right-ventricular end-diastolic volume index was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension, indicating increased preload as the major mechanism to maintain adequate stroke volume in the face of an increased afterload. Right-ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations, a good parameter to define right-ventricular contractility independent of systolic loading conditions, were not different between COPD patients with or without pulmonary hypertension, nor did the slopes of the pressure-volume lines in the 9 patients studied during exercise show any difference. From these data we conclude that (a) RVEF is a poor indicator of overall right-ventricular function; (b) right-ventricular contractility is well preserved in stable COPD patients; (c) the major mechanism of maintaining stroke volume in the face of increased right-ventricular afterload seems to be preload augmentation.
 ...
PMID:Right-ventricular contractility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study. 338 85

We retrospectively analyzed the records of 63 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who had been treated in our neurological intensive care unit from 1981 to 1985 (aged 17 to 84 years). In this sample, the prognostic value of initial clinical and laboratory findings was studied. The following factors were significantly correlated with mortality: concomitant cardiac failure, general atherosclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; coma or deranged brainstem reflexes on admission; concomitant intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and midline shift on CT scan. ICH location did not significantly correlate with outcome. Among lobar ICH occipital hematomas carried the best prognosis. No prognostic importance was detected for age and gender, initial blood pressure, time interval between ICH and admission, ECG or angiographic findings, or laboratory values.
 ...
PMID:[Prognostic significance of initial clinical and instrumental parameters in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages]. 339 30

Host factors play an important role in the dosing requirements of theophylline. Theophylline metabolism and clearance depend principally on liver cell function rather than on hepatic flow. The effects of acute hypoxemia require more study; however, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have chronic hypoxemia appear to have some impairment of clearance. Clearance is variably and sometimes drastically reduced in patients with liver disease and heart failure, and is reduced by some viral infections. It is not impaired by renal failure. Current split-virus vaccine mixtures do not appear to affect clearance. Clearance is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis and hyperthyroidism. The depressed clearance seen in the severely ill patients who require intensive care improves with improvement in the patient's condition, but the individual factors involved have not been identified. An area requiring more study is the effect of pH on the apparent distribution volume for theophylline. In the presence of liver disease, heart failure, or serious illness, caution must be applied in theophylline dosing, with frequent monitoring of serum levels. Stable patients also warrant an initially conservative dose until serum levels are obtained to guide further dose adjustments.
 ...
PMID:Effect of disease states on theophylline elimination. 353 54

Pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization has been extensively employed in the care of the critically ill and injured patients. As the clinical experience has increased, so has the list of indications and complications. Doubts have arisen as to the appropriateness of PA catheterization and positive contributions to patients care. Consensus can be reached as to the usefulness of PA catheterization in patients with severe shock syndromes, adult respiratory distress syndrome and refractory cardiac failure. Patients who require large doses of vasoactive agents may benefit from assessment of hemodynamics. Patients with minimal disease or easily correctable hypovolemia can be safely managed without PA catheter. Similarly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal failure requiring dialysis rarely need PA catheterization. Since technical, septic and thromboembolic complications can develop in a significant number of patients, cost benefit oriented analysis in various subsets of patients is needed. Diagnostic information derived from PA catheters should be related to the clinical condition and shortcomings and pitfalls of data clearly understood. Various indications and their relevance to patient care is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary artery catheterization--uses and abuses. 378 18

Thirty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 15 healthy volunteers have been studied to assess the value of measuring right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) at rest with a perfusion of krypton-81m (81mKr). With this perfusion, equilibrium RVEF can be measured in a 30 degrees right anterior oblique projection, avoiding a superimposition of cardiac cavities. The average RVEF of the patients with COPD was significantly lower than that of the normal patients (36.3 +/- 9.3% vs 52.6 +/- 3.9%; p less than 0.001). An inverse linear relation was found between mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and RVEF (r = -0.543; p less than 0.01). The RVEF in a group of 15 patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension (Ppa greater than 20 mmHg), averaged 30.4 +/- 7.26%, which was significantly lower than that of the other 15 COPD patients with normal Ppa, whose RVEF averaged 42.3 +/- 7.1% (p less than 0.01). Taking a RVEF value less than or equal to 35% as an indicator of pulmonary hypertension, the sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 75%, the predictive value for a positive test was 75%, and for a negative test was 80%. A positive but weak correlation was found between RVEF and PaO2 (r = 0.52; p less than 0.01), SaO2 (r = 0.41; p less than 0.05) and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r = 0.40; p less than 0.05). No correlation was found between RVEF and prior history of right cardiac insufficiency, PaCO2, pH, the ratio FEV1/vital capacity, ECG signs of cor pulmonale and left ventricular ejection fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction with krypton-81m in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 382 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>