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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular and cardiovascular effects of topical and intravenous pindolol have been studied in a balanced cross-0ver double-blind trial in 6 healthy volunteers. When applied to 1 eye pindolol lowered intraocular pressure in both the treated and untreated eyes with only minimal reduction in resting pupil diameter and light reflex response. The concentration in plasma was much lower and inhibiton of exercise tachycardia about half that when the same dose was administered intravenously. The findings suggest that beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs should not be used in the treatment of glaucoma in patients who also suffer from heart failure.
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PMID:Ocular and cardiovascular effects of local and systemic pindolol. 36 33

The paper is a unique pathological description of a bilateral, symmetric, anterior, temporal ischemic optic neuropathy with the morphological characteristics of cavernous optic atrophy initially described by Schnabel in glaucomatous eyes. The 80-year-old woman had suffered from cardiac insufficiency and diabetes mellitus for many years. She died from sepsis and circulatory collapse due to ischemic colitis, intestinal perforation, and peritonitis. There was widespread arteriosclerosis but no evidence of giant-cell arteritis. Cell loss was demonstrated in both retinas, the chiasm, and in the central lateral geniculate body. These represent a retrograde, descending and ascending optic atrophy, with transsynaptic degeneration in the LGB. A small craniopharyngioma was found by chance in the infundibulum. Neither clinically nor morphologically were there any signs of glaucoma.
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PMID:[Histopathology of the retina, optic fascicle and lateral geniculate body in chronic, bilateral symmetric ischemic Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy]. 224 78

A report on 12 patients with retinal vein occlusion in both eyes. In addition to advanced age (67 years on the average) the following risk factors were present, often in combination: hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, adiposity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterinemia, diabetes mellitus etc. The rate of retinal circulation was determined by video fluorescein angiography. A pronounced decrease in visual acuity was observed in all patients with a slower retinal circulation rate. The causes of the decrease in central visual acuity were macular edema, neovascularization with vitreal hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis with secondary glaucoma.
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PMID:[Bilateral retinal vein occlusions and general risk factors]. 397 59

One hundred eighty-four glaucomatous eyes (125 patients) with visual field defects of Stage I and II in the central visual field were examined with the Octopus perimeter 201, Program 31 or 33, and were divided into 3 groups according to maximum intraocular pressures: (1) low-tension glaucoma (21 mm Hg), (2) glaucoma simplex (22-29 mm Hg), (3) glaucoma simplex (30-39 mm Hg). In these three groups of glaucomatous eyes the cupping of the optic disk, vision and blood pressure were examined and a further check for cardiovascular risk factors was carried out by the internist. All three groups proved to have an equally high incidence of cardiac insufficiency, abnormal EKG changes and diabetes. However, a low systolic blood pressure was found to be the risk factor more often in patients with low-tension glaucoma than with glaucoma simplex. Furthermore, intraocular pressures in the low-tension glaucoma group were higher than those in the normal population. The occurrence of cupping of the optic disk, which is not present with purely vascular optic nerve diseases, and the location of visual field defects in low-tension glaucoma, which is similar to that in glaucoma simplex but different from vascular diseases, as well as the increased diurnal tension variations of diurnal tension curves compared to the normal population are all factors which indicate that low-tension glaucoma is not a purely vascular optic nerve disease, and that pressure-lowering therapy is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Glaucoma without ocular hypertension. A clinical study]. 399 10

Twenty-six patients with open-angle glaucoma were investigated to see if and to what extent topical treatment with timolol 0.5% produced systemic effects. All of the patient had contraindications to the systemic use of beta-blockers such as bradycardia, cardiac insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some patients the treatment had marked cardiovascular or pulmonary effects, especially in the group with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:[Beta-blocking treatment (author's transl)]. 612 29

The potential of forskolin as a research tool is just beginning to be realized. Its use has revealed further subtleties to the control of cyclic AMP generation by adenylate cyclase in both solubilized and membrane preparations and in intact cells. It appears that an effect of forskolin will become one of the criteria for implicating adenylate cyclase in any physiological or biochemical response or, conversely, in ruling out an involvement of cyclic AMP. Clinical applications of forskolin as a hypotensive, spasmolytic, lipolytic, or antithrombotic agents or for the treatment of glaucoma or cardiac insufficiency remain other challenges for the future.
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PMID:Forskolin, adenylate cyclase, and cell physiology: an overview. 632 47

Timolol, a nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent without intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilizing activity, has been shown effective in the treatment of angina and hypertension. It is particularly useful in patients with stable angina pectoris and patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In both of these conditions, timolol appears to be comparable to propranolol. A recent study has suggested that timolol reduces mortality and reinfarction rate in patients who have recently had a myocardial infarction. When given topically timolol reduces intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma; the drug may be used as the primary agent or as an adjunct to standard therapy. Careful selection of patients will reduce the frequency of adverse effects due to beta-receptor inhibition. Thus, timolol should not be used in patients who are predisposed to asthmatic bronchitis or cardiac failure, and it should be used with caution in patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, indications, and adverse effects of timolol maleate, a nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent. 676 88

A 53-year-old man with scleroderma, pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac decompensation and secondary polycythaemia, but no arterial hypertension, developed central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the left eye. 1.5 years later, during the treatment with systemic steroids and anticoagulants, he developed CRVO in the right eye, and a further half year later, secondary glaucoma in the left eye and loss of the visual acuity to counting fingers at 2.5 m in the right eye and at 0.5 m in the left. Retinal vascular changes, pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency and secondary polycythemia, symptoms of scleroderma, most probably contributed to the development of bilateral CRVO.
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PMID:Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion in a patient with scleroderma. 726 1

A case of timolol-associated heart failure in a 73-year old white man is reported. The patient, with a history of cardiovascular disease and glaucoma, was admitted to the hospital because of complaints of shortness of breath, orthopnea, and reduced exercise tolerance. Chest roentgenogram showed interstitial congestive failure, and an EKG demonstrated sinus bradycardia. The patient's medications before admission included quinidine, isosorbide dinitrate, dipyridamole, aspirin, pilocarpine eyedrops 4%, timolol eyedrops 0.5%, and nitroglycerin ointment and sublingual tablets. On the second day of hospitalization, it was noted that the patient's dyspnea and sinus bradycardia could be related to a recent increase in his timolol dosage. The timolol was discontinued, and the patient's heart rate increased. As the patient's pulse rate increased, the symptoms of congestive heart failure disappeared. This case demonstrated the importance of obtaining complete drug histories from patients. The potential for adverse system reactions resulting from topical medications should be considered.
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PMID:Bradycardia and congestive heart failure associated with ocular timolol maleate. 728 2

Timolol has become so populat with ophthalmologists that it is prescribed 44% of the time when an anti-glaucoma drop is needed. This popularity is due to its newness and the publicity it has received, its effectiveness in most types of glaucoma, and the apparent scarcity of side effects. This paper looks at the first 489 patients treated with timolol at Wills Eye Hospital and the side effects encountered. These include blurring of vision, burning and pain, bradycardia and heart failure, hallucinations, dilated pupils, headaches, dizziness, hypotony, allergy, asthma, impotence, drowsiness, anxiety, emotional lability, and nausea.
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PMID:The place of timolol in the practice of ophthalmology. 740 91


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