Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) interact with the agonist-activated form of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to effect receptor phosphorylation and to initiate profound impairment of receptor signalling, or desensitization. GPCRs form the largest family of cell surface receptors known and defects in GRK function have the potential consequence to affect GPCR-stimulated biological responses in many pathological situations. This review focuses on the physiological role of GRKs revealed by genetically modified animals but also develops the involvement of GRKs in human diseases as, Oguchi disease, heart failure, hypertension or rhumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the regulation of GRK levels in opiate addiction, cancers, psychiatric diseases, cystic fibrosis and cardiac diseases is discussed. Both transgenic mice and human pathologies have demonstrated the importance of GRKs in the signalling pathways of rhodopsin, beta-adrenergic and dopamine-1 receptors. The modulation of GRK activity in animal models of cardiac diseases can be effective to restore cardiac function in heart failure and opens a novel therapeutic strategy in diseases with GPCR dysregulation.
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PMID:Pathophysiological roles of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases. 1589 65

Eighteen liver transplant recipients were followed up for 10 years after a trial of immunosuppression withdrawal. Three groups were identified according to the early outcome of complete (group A, n = 5), partial (group B, n = 9), and unsuccessful (group C, n = 4) withdrawal of immunosuppression. The indications for liver transplantation (LT) (August 1983-December 1988) were as follows: primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 3), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 3), Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 3), acute liver failure (n = 3), hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis (n = 1), HCV and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 1), HCV and alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 1), HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 1), cystic fibrosis (n = 1), and liver metastases from testicular teratoma (n = 1). Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine. All patients experienced 1 or more complications of prolonged immunosuppression (median, 7 years; range, 5-11). Thirteen patients (72%) are alive at a median interval of 17 years (range, 16-21) after LT. Of the 5 patients in group A, 2 currently have normal graft function with no rejection episodes, and 3 have restarted immunosuppression following late low-grade acute rejection (n = 1), retransplantation for chronic rejection (n = 1), and kidney transplantation (n = 1). Of the 9 patients in group B, 5 died. The deaths were due to ruptured arterial pseudoaneurysm following retransplantation, HCC recurrence, cardiac failure, renal failure, and posttransplant lymphoma at 5, 7, 7, 14, and 17 years after LT, respectively. All 4 patients in group C are alive on a full immunosuppressive regimen. Long-term follow-up of 18 LT recipients withdrawn from immunosuppression has shown that at a median of 17 years 10% of patients remain off all immunosuppression.
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PMID:Long-term outcome of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation. 1591 39

The authors report a case of septal alcoholisation in a 6 year old child with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy responsible for congestive cardiac failure despite optimal betablocker therapy. The indication was retained in a context of mucoviscidosis complicated by multiresistant bacterial infection. At catheterisation, the dominant septal artery was identified and an alcoholisation was performed by the classic technique described in adults. The immediate result was satisfactory with regression of the signs of cardiac failure and reduction of 70 mmHg of the maximal instantaneous pressure gradient (from 160 to 90 mmHg). However, 10 months later, the signs of right heart failure reappeared with a partial increase in the maximal instantaneous pressure gradient (100 mmHg) leading to surgical myectomy while the patient's condition had considerably improved from the pulmonary point of view. Septal alcoholisation would appear to be a therapeutic alternative in children especially in cases with a temporary or permanent contraindication to conventional surgery.
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PMID:[Septal alcoholisation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in childhood]. 1596 12

The human beta-2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) is responsible for the binding of endogenous catecholamines and their exogenously administered agonists and antagonists. Three functional polymorphisms in codons 16, 27 and 164 have been described which have clinical importance for several diseases, including asthma, hypertension, heart failure, cystic fibrosis and obesity, as well as response to beta-agonist therapy. These were evaluated in 726 individuals from 8 distinct ethnic populations (Chinese, Filipino, Southwest Asian, Saudi, Ghanaian, Kenyan, Sudanese, and European from Scotland). The results show that most haplotypes are shared among all populations, yet there are marked differences in their frequency distributions geographically. The genetic distance tree is different from standard human population distance trees, implying a different mode of evolution for this locus than that for human population gene-flow history. The multilocus frequency differences between the observed clusters of populations correspond to historical haplotype groupings that have been found to be functionally different with respect to multiple medically related phenotypes. Further studies are needed to see if functional relationships are the same across populations.
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PMID:Beta-2 adrenergic receptor genotypes and haplotypes in different ethnic groups. 1614 89

Acute airway obstruction caused by mucoid impaction can cause sometimes life-threatening respiratory distress. Bronchial plugging is usually observed in subjects with chronic diseases such as asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, or cystic fibrosis. In children, it can be related to heart failure. Acute airway obstruction in a patient without a chronic respiratory disease is exceptional. We report the case of a patient who developed bronchial plugs obstructing the bronchi during a period of agranulocytosis induced by chemotherapy. The patient experienced acute respiratory distress with asphyxia. The plugs were composed of fibrin and required several fibroscopic procedures for clearance. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute airway obstruction by plugging during a period of agranulocytosis.
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PMID:[Acute airway obstruction during chemotherapy-induced agranulocytosis with fever]. 1660 39

We report here four cases of pediatric patients in whom the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was made only after the histological examination of a liver specimen obtained by biopsy (three cases) or at autopsy (one case). There were two boys and two girls, aged 13 months to 7.5 years. None had a personal or familial history suggestive of cystic fibrosis. One patient, presenting with myocardial lesion and hepatomegaly, died of heart failure; at autopsy, the liver showed a typical aspect of focal biliary cirrhosis. In the three other cases, liver disease was the only manifestation of cystic fibrosis at the time of diagnosis. Liver biopsy examination showed focal biliary cirrhosis in one case and massive steatosis in two. In all four cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by the existence of known pathogenic mutations in the CFTR gene. The evolution was variable; one patient had progressive liver disease with severe portal hypertension after 7 years; another one had lung complications after 1 year. In conclusion, our experience recalls that the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis must be considered in children presenting with unexplained liver disease; its confirmation by molecular techniques makes it possible to set up an appropriate follow-up.
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PMID:Unexpected diagnosis of cystic fibrosis at liver biopsy: a report of four pediatric cases. 1755 56

Inspiratory muscle training (IM training) is a technique that is designed to improve the performance of the respiratory muscles (RMs) that may be impaired in a variety of conditions. Interest in IM training has expanded over the past two decades, and IM training has been used in an increasingly wide range of clinical conditions. However, the benefits of IM training continue to be debated, primarily because of methodological limitations of studies conducted to date. The focus of this article is to provide a critical review of IM training research in conditions other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for which it has been used, including asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pre- and postsurgery, ventilator weaning, neuromuscular diseases, and chronic heart failure. Emphasis is placed on what has been learned, remaining questions, future applications, and significance to practice.
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PMID:Inspiratory muscle training: integrative review of use in conditions other than COPD. 1756 98

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are highly conserved and widely expressed throughout nature and found in all organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. They mediate myriad critical cellular processes, from nutrient import to toxin efflux using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. Most ABC proteins mediate transport of substances across lipid membranes. However, there are atypical ABC proteins that mediate other processes. These include, but are not limited to, DNA repair (bacterial MutS), ion transport (cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor), and mRNA trafficking (yeast Elf1p). The sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) is another atypical ABC protein that regulates activity of the potassium ATP channel (K(ATP)). K(ATP) is widely expressed in nearly all tissues of higher organisms and couples cellular energy status to membrane potential. K(ATP) is particularly important in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and in regulating action potential duration in muscle cells. SUR is indispensable for normal channel function, and mutations in genes encoding SURs increase the susceptibility to diabetes, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Here, we review the structure and function of ABC proteins and discuss SUR, its regulation of the K(ATP) channel, and its role in cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The sulfonylurea receptor, an atypical ATP-binding cassette protein, and its regulation of the KATP channel. 1823 47

Allelic variants at codons 16 and 27 of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) have shown clinical and pharmacological implications in asthma, hypertension, ischemic heart failure, diabetes, obesity, and cystic fibrosis. We have developed a simultaneous genotyping assay for the c.46A>G and c.79C>G allelic variants using hybridization probes and melting curve analysis. The assay was optimized on a panel of 30 DNA samples of known ADRB2 genotype as determined by sequencing with 100% concordance between the two techniques. Melting temperature (Tm) ranges for the different genotypes were obtained using data from three independent experiments. Single peaks for p.Arg16Arg (Tm = 57.76 degrees C +/- 0.10 degrees C) and p.Gly16Gly (Tm = 66.73 degrees C +/- 0.18 degrees C) and two melting peaks for p.Arg16Gly were obtained. Similarly, single peaks for p.Gln27Gln (Tm = 53.98 degrees C +/- 0.19 degrees C) and p.Glu27Glu (Tm = 64.93 degrees C +/- 0.16 degrees C) and two peaks for p.Gln27Glu were detected. Independent operators easily assigned genotypes in a sample set of 385 asthmatic patients. Haplotype and allele frequencies were in concordance with previously published data: Arg allele frequencies in children/adults were 0.34/0.30 in Caucasians and 0.45/0.52 in African Americans, and Gln allele frequencies were 0.58/0.52 in Caucasians and 0.82/0.84 in African Americans. Thus, the ADRB2 genotyping assay represents a highly reliable and rapid technique for routine clinical use in the simultaneous detection of ADRB2 variants.
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PMID:A simple and rapid genotyping assay for simultaneous detection of two ADRB2 allelic variants using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes and melting curve analysis. 1844 Sep 68

Membrane proteins (MPs) are responsible for the interface between the exterior and the interior of the cell. These proteins are implicated in numerous diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, hyperinsulinism, heart failure, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. However, studies on these disorders are hampered by a lack of structural information about the proteins involved. Structural analysis requires large quantities of pure and active proteins. The majority of medically and pharmaceutically relevant MPs are present in tissues at very low concentration, which makes heterologous expression in large-scale production-adapted cells a prerequisite for structural studies. Obtaining mammalian MP structural data depends on the development of methods that allow the production of large quantities of MPs. This review focuses on the different heterologous expression systems, and the purification strategies, used to produce large amounts of pure mammalian MPs for structural proteomics.
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PMID:Heterologous expression and purification systems for structural proteomics of mammalian membrane proteins. 1862 59


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