Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Determination of serum endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDF) concentration was carried out in 52 patients with chronic congestive heart failure with radioimmunoassay. The results showed that concentration of serum EDF in patients with chronic congestive heart failure was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). The lowering of serum EDF concentration was significantly negatively correlated with the severity of heart failure, r = 0.6475, P less than 0.001. Age had no significant effect on serum EDF concentration (P greater than 0.05). Serum EDF concentration rose after the heart failure was treated, but was still lower than that in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). Serum EDF concentration in patients with coronary heart disease was the lowest and in patients with hypertension the highest.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of changes in the serum level of endogenous digitalis-like factor in patients with chronic congestive heart failure]. 216 87

The syndrome of heart failure results from inappropriate sodium and water retention by the kidneys which results, at least in part, from changes in renal haemodynamics. Renal blood flow at rest in heart failure is reduced in proportion to the reduction in cardiac output and falls dramatically during exercise as the cardiac output is redistributed to the exercising muscles. Both these phenomena are associated with a rise in plasma noradrenaline concentration. Afferent arteriolar tone is partly controlled by alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation while stimulation of beta 2-receptors will stimulate renal release of renin; through the elaboration of angiotensin II, profound effects on extra- and intra-renal vascular tone can occur. Although alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation can result in coronary vasoconstriction and a fall in coronary blood flow in patients with heart failure due to underlying atheromatous coronary heart disease, increased myocardial oxygen demand as the result of beta 1 (and cardiac beta 2) simulation may be more relevant. The control of limb blood flow is of great importance symptomatically. The systemic vasoconstriction that typifies the severe heart failure state has been a target for many vasodilatory interventions including alpha 1-receptor blockade and beta 2-receptor stimulation. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that such treatment leads to any specific increase in muscle blood flow either at rest or during exercise. In severe heart failure, sympathetic activity is increased at rest leading to vasoconstriction in several vascular beds, while in milder heart failure, excessive sympathetic stimulation is evident only during exercise. In either circumstance, however, it is evident that certain advantages may accrue from modulation of this excessive sympathetic activity.
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PMID:Sympathetic activity and regional blood flow in heart failure. 218 37

Cardiac failure, which used to be rare in coronary heart disease, is now its most common complication. Coronary heart disease can cause or appear as cardiac failure through one or more of 12 mechanisms: acute myocardial infarction, acute reversible ischemia, right ventricular dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal perforation, cardiac free wall rupture, ischemic cardiomyopathy, ventricular aneurysm, coexisting diseases, iatrogenesis, and pseudoheart failure. An understanding of the responsible mechanism or mechanisms is essential not only for appropriate treatment but also for prognostication. Various therapeutic modalities, both medical and surgical, should be able to improve not only symptoms but also survival. Current efforts in the management of patients with cardiac failure as a result of coronary heart disease should be aimed at prevention, both primary and secondary.
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PMID:Cardiac failure in coronary heart disease. 220 Feb 54

The activity of human myocardial enzymes in sudden coronary death (SCD) was quantitatively histochemically examined. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-oxybutyrate dehydrogenase (beta-OBDH), alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), NAD-diaphorase (NAD-ase), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) was measured on prompt autopsies (up to 3 hours of death onset). beta-OBDH and LDH showed an increase in activity in the myocardium from the subjects who had suddenly died from coronary heart disease without evident changes in the heart. In SCD in the presence of small cardiosclerosis, the activity of the enzymes characterizing the major processes of energy generation was also enhanced, which was caused by moderately severe myocardial hypertrophy. In the myocardium from the subjects who had died from coronary heart disease in the presence of large postinfarction cardiosclerosis, the activity of the enzymes was directly related to the degree of myocardial hypertrophy and the signs of chronic heart failure. As myocardial hypertrophy progressed, the enzymatic activity rose, but there were signs of chronic heart failure, it fell. The findings suggest that the changes in myocardial enzymatic activity in SCD are heterogeneous and associated with the type of prior abnormalities in the cardiovascular system.
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PMID:[Disorders of myocardial metabolism in sudden coronary death in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis: findings of quantitative histoenzymologic studies]. 221 37

Central hemodynamic parameters under the effect of mildronate were examined in 62 patients suffering from coronary heart disease, 35 of these with acute myocardial infarction complicated by acute left-ventricular insufficiency and 20 with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis with chronic cardiac insufficiency. The drug effect was assessed in two groups of patients after a single intravenous injection of 0.5-3 g. In group 1 (n = 53) mildronate effect on central hemodynamic parameters was assessed in spontaneous cardiac rhythm. Variously directed statistically unreliable hemodynamic shifts were revealed, related to heart rhythm changes. In group 2 (n = 9) the drug effect on heart rhythm was eliminated with the use of two-chamber electrocardiostimulation, and various hemodynamic regimens with hypo-, eu-, and hyperkinetic circulation types were artificially created by changing the A-V interval. Mildronate had no effect on the hemodynamics during two-chamber electrocardiostimulation.
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PMID:[Effects of mildronate (quaterin) on hemodynamics in spontaneous and artificial heart rhythm in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 226 94

As many as 97 patients with myocardial lesions: congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP), postmyocarditis CMP (PM CMP), myocarditis (MC), alcoholic heart injury (AHI), coronary heart disease (CHD), vegetodysovarian myocardiodystrophy were examined by means of a complex of the virological tests (for Coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B viruses) and immunoassays (for antibodies to different components of the myocardium, leukocyte migration inhibition test, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test, measurements of T and B lymphocytes and their subpopulations, and so forth). Virus infection was shown to be of a role for the onset of acute MC (usually reversible) and congestive CMP. At the same time the autoimmune mechanisms of the lesions were conclusively ascertained in MC associated with heart failure and in PM CMP. In patients with congestive CMP and AHI coupled with heart failure, antibodies to nerve fibers of the myocardium could be demonstrated in the presence of T-lymphocyte deficiency and high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. This does not allow excluding myocardial denervation leading to refractory heart failure. Some immunological parameters made use of in the study provide an opportunity of an objective evaluation of the effect glucocorticoid treatment produces on patients suffering from MC and PM CMP.
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PMID:[The viral and immunological characteristics of cardiomyopathies and myocarditis]. 227 78

Hypertension is a powerful independent contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, on average conferring a threefold increase in risk at all ages and in both sexes. Coronary heart disease is now the chief lethal sequela of hypertension, occurring at a rate two to three times higher in hypertensives than in normotensives. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is also greatly affected by cigarette smoking. For each 10 cigarettes per day there is an incremental increase in cardiovascular mortality in men (18%) and in women (31%). The risk of coronary heart disease that is associated with hypertension varies over an eightfold range depending on coexistent risk factors. Smoking increases the cardiovascular risk, at any level of blood pressure, for coronary heart disease, stroke and cardiac failure. The risk of peripheral arterial disease is particularly adversely affected. Trials of antihypertensive therapy to reduce the coronary heart disease risk have yielded disappointing results, very likely because of failure to correct for blood lipids and cigarette smoking. These trials have consistently shown that cigarette smoking has a powerful effect on the risk of coronary heart disease whether the patients were treated for hypertension or not. Data from the Framingham Study have shown a prompt halving of the coronary heart disease risk in those who give up smoking compared to those who continue to smoke, regardless of the duration of the habit. Hypertensives who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day can quickly reduce the risk by 35-40% by not smoking. Switching to filter cigarettes offers no advantage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Smoking and hypertension as predictors of cardiovascular risk in population studies. 228 55

This review summarizes selected topics discussed at one of the major congress events in cardiovascular medicine in Great Britain in 1989. The congress was attended during its five days duration by 800 participants from nearly 40 countries. The scientific programme, consisting of invited state-of-art lectures, was divided into following basic topics: coronary heart disease including risk and prevention, arhythmias, hypertension, heart failure, structural heart disease, cardiac imaging and costs-effectiveness of cardiology. The aim of the review is to bring nearer the creative atmosphere and the very advanced postgraduate level of this cardiologic meeting. Due to the actual medico-social importance of current strategies in management of ischemic heart disease and malignant arrhythmias in Czechoslovakia, special interest is devoted to these problems. Based on congress lectures an overview of the atherosclerotic plaque pathology and resulting therapeutic and prognostic implications for the management of unstable angina and myocardial infarction is given. Selected aspects of thrombolytic therapy and its impact on coronary vessel wall and myocardium are discussed, too. Some contemporary problems and updated concepts of both drug and intervention treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias are highlighted in a more extensive way, confronting congress speakers and recent publications.
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PMID:[Cardiology '89. Present trends in cardiovascular medicine at the Congress of Cardiology '89 in London April 1989]. 233 60

A one-year prospective study of the complications of hypertension was carried out in the Medical Wards of the John F. Kennedy Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia. Of all medical admissions 15.6% (105 out of 672) were due to hypertension with its complications. Of the hypertensives, 72.4% (76 of 105) came from the lower socio-economic class. Heart disease with 55.2% (58 of 105) was the commonest complication. Next was stroke with 31.4% (33 of 105). Of the cases of heart disease, only one had suffered a myocardial infarction, the rest had congestive cardiac failure (CCF) without coronary heart disease. Severe hypertensive retinopathy was found in only four patients all of whom had severe uraemia. Hypertensive CCF constituted 41.1% (57 of 139) of all cases of CCF admitted to our hospital. All the complications and deaths were more common in males than in females and they were not uncommon in the young. Chronic renal failure, with 100% mortality, had the worst prognosis. 60.0% of the patients had not previously been diagnosed as hypertensive. There is an urgent need for health education in Liberia to inform the people of the dangers of uncontrolled hypertension and to encourage them to get their blood pressure measured periodically thus improving the early detection and initiation of antihypertensive treatment to prevent the complications of hypertension.
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PMID:Complications of hypertension in adult urban Liberians. 233 99

The purpose of this study was to investigate, if besides the hypocontractility, which is the main finding in Primary Cardiomyopathy (PDC) there was some other mechanism in the development of heart failure and if this fact could influence in it's prognosis. We studied 13 patients with PDC in the hemodynamic cardiac laboratory from January 1982 to January 1988, these with systemic arterial hypertension. Coronary heart disease, myocarditis, primary valvular lesion, infiltrative disease, nephropathy, congenital heart disease, diabetes and alcoholism, were excluded. The control group was formed by 12 healthy subjects, which were studied for another purpose. We analyzed nine variables, including ejection fraction, peripheral vascular resistance, systolic and diastolic circumferential stress, left ventricular mass, left ventricular end diastolic and systolic volumes as well as force-velocity and force-fiber length relationship. The patients were followed up from 8 to 60 months (average 39 months). The cases with PDC were divided in two groups, "compensated" and "decompensated". The last ones with low ejection fraction and significantly increases systolic stress. We investigated which was the mechanism of compensation and decompensation through the force-velocity and force-fiber length relation. We found that compensation is associated with great increase of the after-load forces, the more end systolic volume at the end of the systole is not only controlled by the "force", but the decompensation is developed when the hypocontractility is added to the incompetence to compensate the after load. We found that the three deaths in this study had these hemodynamic characteristics, being the cause of death: the presence of heart failure in two patients and ventricular fibrillation in one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prognostic indexes in primary dilated cardiomyopathy]. 234 26


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