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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven previously well patients with acute staphylococcal pericarditis and purulent pericardial effusion are described. All had a septicaemic illness in which worsening heart failure with signs of cardiac tamponade became the major problems of management. Tropical pyomyositis was probably the predisposing illness in four patients. This number of proven cases within an 18-month period suggests that staphylococcal pyopericardium is in a tropical environment probably commoner than realised.
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PMID:Staphylococcal pericarditis with pyopericardium. 54 88

Cardiac infections after operations are infrequent but, when present, are often fatal. The 14 autopsied patients in whom purulent pericarditis developed after thoracic operations over an 88 year period at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were studied. Purulent pericarditis developed after cardiac operations in 10 and after pulmonary resections in 4. In 12 of the 14 cases the pericardial sac had been opened. Associated postoperative infection, present in 13 patients, included mediastinitis in 7 and empyema in 3. Staphylococcus was the infection organism in half of the patients. Associated cardiac infection, including endocarditis, myocardial abscess, and graft infection, was present in 5 (36 per cent) patients. Death occurred within 2 months of operation in 11 (79 per cent) patients; it was due to infection in 9, cardiac tamponade in 4, and arrhythmias and heart failure in one. The diagnosis of purulent pericarditis was made before death in only 5 (36 per cent) cases, in part owing to masking of the usual signs of pericarditis in the postoperative patient. Since the introduction of antibiotics, the over-all incidence of purulent pericarditis has decreased. However, pericardial infection after thoracotomy has increased tenfold, and patients undergoing cardiac operations in particular provide a new and increasing population at risk for this disease.
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PMID:A clinicopathological study of post-thoracotomy purulent pericarditis. A continuing problem of diagnosis and therapy. 83 29

Among 137 patients with terminal renal failure maintained on chronic haemodialysis, pericarditis was found in 37. In 11 cases it developed prior to the onset of haemodialysis therapy, and in 26 during various periods within the therapeutic course. In patients maintained on haemodialysis pericarditis is characterized by a protracted course, severe pain syndrome, ability to cause or intensify cardiac failure, to produce cardiac rhythm disorders. In 15 patients pericarditis was complicated by a massive effusion into the pericardiac cavity. In 3 of them the effusion gradually dissolved, 3 other ultimately developed subacute constrictive pericarditis, in the remaining 9 the effusion resulted in tamponade. Two patients died of cardiac tamponade, in the remaining 7 patients 12 transdiaphragmal pericardial punctures were performed. In 2 cases the latter caused severe complications. The discussion deals with the methods of treatment of pericarditis in patients on chronic haemodialysis, with the preventive measures against the effusion, and the means of its management.
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PMID:[Pericarditis and heart tamponade in patients on regular hemodialysis]. 115 32

Signs of heart failure due to cardiac tamponade developed in a young dog with previously unrecognized renal disease. The uremic syndrome was considered the likely cause of the effusive pericarditis found at necropsy. In a review of necropsy records from 150 dogs with renal disease, 11 had pericardial lesions.
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PMID:Renal failure associated with pericardial effusion in a dog. 119 16

Jugular venous flow velocity (JVFV) was analyzed by the directional Doppler velocity detector in an experimental model to distinguish postoperative acute cardiac tamponade from myocardial failure in eight dogs. Cardiac tamponade was produced by infusion of saline solution into the pericardial cavity; acute myocardial failure was created by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and circumflex coronary artery. A decrease in mean arterial pressure of only 10% was associated with a decrease in JVFV of 30% +/- 6% (mean +/- SE) in the tamponade group compared to 10% +/- 2% in the myocardial failure group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than .005) and persisted to severe levels of hypotension. An increase in venous pressure to 8 mm Hg resulted in a decrease in JVFV of 41% +/- 11% in the tamponade group. Thus, there is an early notable decrease in JVFV in tamponade, which allows differentiation from myocardial failure.
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PMID:Doppler jugular flow velocity to differentiate cardiac tamponade from failure. 124 14

The first patient was a 60-year-old female who had suffered from several episodes of cardiac failure due to severe mitral regurgitation and HOCM. The patient underwent urgent MVR because she had cardiac tamponade due to left ventricular perforation during cardiac catheterization. The second patient was a 64-year-old female with a history of several cardiac failures. The patient had an operation because she had been symptomatic under medical treatments. She underwent MVR instead of myectomy due to relatively thin ventricular septum. Both of them are doing well after the operations in NYHA class I. Although myotomy and myectomy are preferable procedure for HOCM as a first choice, MVR should be considered for the patients who have severe mitral valve regurgitation or the thin interventricular septum.
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PMID:[Two cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) treated with mitral valve replacement]. 158 74

A 50-year-old female was admitted because of nausea, vomiting, and cerebellar ataxia. Computed tomography scan revealed an enhanced mass accompanied with a cyst in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The mass situated in the subcortical region was removed. Histologically, highly vascular tumor cells lined the cavities. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were administered and the clinical symptoms improved gradually. Two months later, the patient complained of dyspnea. Chest X-ray on second admission demonstrated cardiomegaly. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion amounting to 1000 ml was aspirated by pericardial puncture. Papillary clusters of tumor cells were demonstrated in the pericardial effusion. The patient died of cardiac failure. At necropsy solid tumors were located in the heart, lung, left inguinal region, and cerebellum. Histological diagnosis was mesothelioma arising from the heart. Primary pericardial mesotheliomas are rare; approximately 106 cases have been reported. Pericardial mesothelioma frequently spreads to the adjacent pleura and mediastinum, but distant metastases are extremely rare because patients with pericardial mesothelioma tend to die early due to cardiac failure or cardiac tamponade.
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PMID:[Brain metastasis from primary pericardial mesothelioma. Case report]. 170 70

Cardiac involvement is being identified more often clinically and at autopsy in patients with AIDS. Recent estimates suggest that in the United States as many as 5000 patients per year may have cardiac complications resulting from HIV infection. Patients with AIDS may have pericardial, myocardial, and/or endocardial disease. Pericardial tamponade and/or constriction may be related to neoplasms, infections, or nonspecific effusions. Myocardial dysfunction may result from specific neoplastic infiltration or myocarditis. Particularly intriguing is the role of HIV-1 in the nonspecific myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in patients with AIDS. As in other debilitating conditions patients with AIDS can have nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Infective endocarditis may be a complication, especially in AIDS associated with intravenous drug abuse. Most patients with AIDS have no overt clinical evidence of cardiac disease. When cardiac dysfunction does develop, the signs and symptoms are often misinterpreted to be the result of noncardiac causes (pulmonary failure or infection) which can mimic heart failure. This review is intended to alert the reader to the cardiac manifestations of AIDS, which present a number of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
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PMID:Cardiac manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a 1991 update. 185 38

Operative managements and results of postinfarction left ventricular (LV) rupture in 2 patients and right atrial (RA) rupture in one patient are reviewed. Two patients showed both subacute onset of LV rupture in association with cardiac tamponade. The site of infarction was inferior wall in one and anterior wall in the other. Both patients underwent infarctectomy with closure of the defect using a Dacron felt patch. Endocardial site of the Dacron patches were covered with own pericardium to avoid bleeding from the patch and postoperative complication of endocardial clot formation. The case with extended inferior wall infarction was succumbed to cardiac failure and acute renal failure at the twelfth postoperative day. The other case was uneventful postoperatively and shows excellent long-term result. Left ventriculography and coronary angiographic studies were carried out 3 months after the surgery. It demonstrated 43% of LVEF. Multiple stenotic lesions were also noted in left coronary artery. The third patient was rupture of the RA in association with cardiac tamponade. Direct suture closure of the rupture was carried out under extracorporeal circulatory support. Patient tolerated the procedure well. Postoperatively, he suffered from exacerbation of renal insufficiency necessitating hemodialysis for a month. He discharged from hospital and now in the good condition. Postoperative RI study and coronary angiography demonstrated no compatible finding of right atrial infarction. However, pathological specimen revealed definite diagnosis of the infarction at the RA appendage.
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PMID:[Surgical repair of postinfarction cardiac rupture in three cases]. 188 11

Benign teratoma of the mediastinum causes a variety of complications if left untreated, but reports of pericardial perforation have been rare. We report a case of mediastinal teratoma that perforated the pericardium and induced clinical cardiac tamponade. The patient was a 46-year-old male, who was admitted due to sudden chest pain. Since chest CT and echocardiography suggested perforation of the pericardium by a mediastinal teratoma, pericardial drainage was carried out. However, heart failure could not be resolved, and the tumor was resected on the 5th hospital day. From the intraoperative and pathologic findings, mature type mediastinal teratoma was found to have perforated the pericardium, causing massive influx of yellowish fluid from the cyst of the tumor. There have been only 10 cases reported to date in Japan and abroad in which mediastinal teratoma was complicated by cardiac tamponade.
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PMID:[Resection of mediastinal teratoma in a patient with cardiac tamponade due to pericardial perforation]. 196 Apr 58


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