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Query: UMLS:C0018801 (heart failure)
 72,216 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of copper deficiency on cardiac function and structure was studied in a strain of rats (SHHS/Mcc-cp) known to develop cardiac failure as adults. Restriction of dietary copper (less than or equal to 1 mg/kg vs. 6 mg/kg in adequate diets) at weaning in both sexes for a 6-wk period produced cardiac hypertrophy. Male rats developed more severe copper-deficiency symptoms than their female counterparts. In both sexes of copper-deficient rats, there was an increase in cardiac length, width, free ventricular wall thickness and septum thickness. Electrocardiographic tracings revealed greater QRS height among male copper-deficient rats. Heart rate also was substantially reduced in this group. The increased volume of myocardium occupied by mitochondria in the copper-deficient male rats might result in increased electrical resistance that would increase the QRS height; hypertrophy or anemia also could be contributory. Some male copper-deficient rats had prolongation of the QRS in a bundle branch block pattern. Maximal rates of rise and fall for left ventricular pressure were reduced in male copper-deficient rats. The gross histology indicated that this type of heart failure was more concentric than eccentric. The copper-deficient male rat may serve as a useful model for studying the concentric cardiac hypertrophy that occurs in humans.
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PMID:Copper deficiency in a genetically hypertensive cardiomyopathic rat: electrocardiogram, functional and ultrastructural aspects. 205 Dec 21

B19 virus infection is common in the population and is frequently asymptomatic. However, a viraemia and prompt antibody response occurs in normal individuals and this is associated with mild, non-specific respiratory tract symptoms at the time of the viraemia and/or a rash-illness a week or ten days later. Infection of red cell precursors is a regular occurrence and this leads to aplastic crisis if B19 virus infection occurs in an individual with chronic heamolytic anaemia. Fetal infection sometimes takes place if infection occurs during pregnancy and some fetuses fail to clear the infection, develop anaemia leading to heart failure and hydrops fetalis. Some immunocompromised patients also fail to clear the viraemia and this results in a persistent or relapsing anaemia.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of diseases associated with B19 virus. 217 86

17 previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer entered a phase II study testing the feasibility of incorporating high dose epirubicin (110 mg/m2, day 1) in combination regimens, including cyclophosphamide (1 g/m2, day 1), and etoposide (120 mg/m2, day 1) (courses 1, 3, 5) or cisplatin (60 mg/m2, day 1) and etoposide (120 mg/m2, days 1-4) (courses 2, 4, 6), every 3 weeks. Complete responders with limited or extensive disease received thoracic (40 Gy) and prophylactic cranial (30 Gy) irradiation. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. Myelosuppression and stomatitis were the dose-limiting side-effects. Maximum myelosuppression occurred as granulocytopenia and anemia, but a recovery by day 21 was observed in the majority of courses. Neutropenic fever occurred in 47 of 99 courses. Severe stomatitis was experienced in 25 courses and lasted generally 7-12 days. Acute cardiac toxicity was uncommon and represented by mild to moderate rhythm abnormalities. No change was noted in the mean QRS voltage on electrocardiogram (ECG) and no patient had a decline of greater than or equal to 20% in the cardiac ejection fraction and/or episode of overt heart failure at any stage of treatment. The overall objective response rate was 88%, with six (35%) complete and nine (53%) partial responses. With a median follow-up of 16 months, overall median survival was 13 months (range, 2-18+). This study demonstrates that epirubicin, at the present dose and schedule, is feasible in combination regimens and that cardiotoxicity is not dose-limiting and induced or enhanced by thoracic irradiation and/or cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Phase II feasibility study of high dose epirubicin-based regimens for untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer. 217 92

It is sometimes necessary for the practitioner to transfuse the ruminant with whole blood or plasma. These techniques are often difficult to perform in practice and are time-consuming, expensive, and stressful to the animal. Acute loss of 20-25% of the blood volume will result in marked clinical signs of anemia, including tachycardia and maniacal behavior. The PCV is only a useful tool with which to monitor acute blood loss after intravascular equilibration with other fluid compartments has occurred. An acutely developing PCV of 15% or less may require transfusion. Chronic anemia with PCV of 7-12% can be tolerated without transfusion if the animal is not stressed and no further decline in erythrocyte mass occurs. Seventy-five per cent of transfused bovine erythrocytes are destroyed within 48 hours of transfusion. A transfusion rate of 10-20 ml/kg, recipient weight, is necessary to result in any appreciable increase in PCV. A nonpregnant donor can contribute 10-15 ml of blood/kg body weight at 2-4 week intervals. Sodium citrate is an effective anticoagulant, but acid citrate dextrose should be used if blood is to be stored for more than a few hours. Blood should not be stored more than 2 weeks prior to administration. Heparin is an unsuitable anticoagulant because the quantity of heparin required for clot-free blood collection will lead to coagulation defects in the recipient. Blood crossmatching is only rarely performed in the ruminant. In field situations, it is advisable to inject 200 ml of donor blood into the adult recipient and wait 10 minutes. If no reaction occurs, the rest of the blood can probably be safely administered as long as volume overload problems do not develop. Adverse reactions are most commonly seen in very young animals or pregnant cattle. Signs of blood or plasma transfusion reaction include hiccoughing, tachycardia, tachypnea, sweating, muscle tremors, pruritus, salivation, cough, dyspnea, fever, lacrimation, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, collapse, apnea, and opisthotonos. Intravenous epinephrine HCl 1:1000 can be administered (0.2 to 0.5 ml) intravenously or (4 to 5 ml) intramuscularly if clinical signs are severe. Pretreatment with antipyretics and slowing the administration rate may decrease the febrile response. Blood or plasma administered too rapidly will also result in signs of cardiovascular overload, acute heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension and edema. Furosemide and slower administration of blood or plasma should alleviate this problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Use of blood and blood products. 217 38

On 36,536 abdominal operations, in 36 patients (0.1%) there was necessary to perform a relaparotomy due to intraabdominal hemorrhage, of whom in 28 patients this complication arised after emergency surgical interventions, while in 8 cases after elective surgery. The cause of bleeding in 26 patients were technical mistakes during the first intervention, in two the overdosage of anticoagulants, in other two a fibrinolysis, and in one patient haemophilia. In 5 patients the origin of the hemorrhage could not be verified at relaparotomy. Clinical picture of an intraabdominal bleeding depended on its acuity and extent; in 18 patients the massive bleeding manifested suddenly or by progressive development of heart failure. In 7 patients slow evolution of the blood loss manifested with anemia and intestinal paresis. Hemoperitoneum arised in 6 patients, but without anemia, and in the other five remaining patients, a circuscripted intraabdominal hematoma was formed. In 8 patients laparocentesis was diagnostically successful. (The re-laparotomy was lifesaving for 26 patients). 12 patients died. The authors believe that well knowning of parameters of central hemodynamics, together with prolonged paresis of the gut, hyperthermia and hyperleucocytosis it is possible to recognize the predominant signs of acute postoperative hemorrhage.
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PMID:[Relaparotomy for intra-abdominal hemorrhage]. 224 13

A 74-year-old man, who was receiving methyldopa to control systemic hypertension, presented to hospital in biventricular cardiac failure. He was found to be severely anaemic and jaundiced as a result of acute intravascular haemolysis with prominent haemoglobinuria. The cardiac failure and anaemia were initially refractory to fluid restriction and diuretics, but responded to red cell transfusion. Renal failure supervened, probably on the basis of hypoperfusion as a consequence of diuresis and hypotension. The patient died suddenly, possibly from myocardial infarction. Acute intravascular destruction of red cells in association with methyldopa appears not to have been previously reported.
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PMID:Methyldopa, intravascular haemolysis and renal disease. A case report. 230 Aug 59

Experiments were conducted on donkeys to study the peculiarities of homeostasis in establishment of left ventricular bypass (LVB) by means of an artificial heart ventricle (AHV). Preliminary modelling of acute cardiac insufficiency makes the work of the AHV effective and ensures longer survival than that among intact animals. However, arterial hypertension and anemia accompanying prolonged work of the AHV and resulting from the interaction of the last named with the cardiovascular system sharply aggravate homeostasis and the course of LVB and lead to early death of the animals.
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PMID:[Left-ventricular bypass: characteristics of homeostasis]. 235 2

The authors reported a case of subdural effusion secondary to dural metastasis of prostatic cancer. A 61-year-old man was referred for headache, vomiting and gait disturbance. He had undergone hormonal therapy for prostatic cancer. He showed a mild left hemiparesis and anemia without bleeding. CT-scan disclosed a multilobular crescent shaped low density area in the right hemisphere. Under the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma, burr hole irrigation therapy was performed. Xanthochromic fluid was evacuated from the subdural space, in which no tumor cells were shown to exist. CT-scan on the 21st day disclosed a low density area, which was diagnosed as recurrent chronic subdural effusion. Therefore, craniotomy was performed to evacuate the subdural fluid and to explore the dura mater. Removal of the red hemorrhagic tumor at the dura mater and the fluid was performed. The patient died of heart failure in the 16th month despite complete recovery after the second operation. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed adenocarcinoma at the outer part of the dura mater and the adjacent skull bone, where capillaries were embolized with tumor cells. However, no tumor cells were found in the subdural fluid. The authors could find in the literature 30 cases of subdural hematoma or effusion secondary to dural metastasis of carcinoma. The pathogenesis of the subdural hematoma in this case might be due to circulatory disturbance at the dura mater brought about by the invasion of the tumor or tumor cells emboli in the capillaries.
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PMID:[A case of subdural effusion secondary to dural metastasis of prostatic cancer: case report]. 239 13

An 85-year-old male with cardiac failure secondary to anaemia had an apparent anti-Ge2 (Ge = Gerbich) in his serum which did not agglutinate his own red cells even though they were Ge-positive in tests with alloanti-Ge. The direct antiglobulin test was negative; however, an antibody with apparent anti-Ge2 specificity was eluted from his red cells. The patient's autoantibody was shown in immunoblotting experiments to react with an antigenic determinant on beta-sialoglycoprotein. This case illustrates that an autoanti-Ge can masquerade as an alloantibody, thereby complicating antibody identification, and implies that the immunochemical specificity of autoanti-Ge2 is different from that of alloanti-Ge2.
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PMID:Serological and immunochemical specificity of a human autoanti-Gerbich-like antibody. 239 94

All major types of human interferons (IFNs) have been purified and clinically administered as antitumor agents. We summarize here experience to date with toxicity of IFNs in cancer patients. The acute syndrome consists of fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, and headache, with some variation according to type of IFN, route of administration, schedule, and dose. Fatigue, perhaps reflecting CNS toxicity, is the most prevalent nonacute symptom. At high doses, IFNs are neurotoxic; the abnormalities seen by EEG resemble those in diffuse encephalitis. Hematologic toxicity consists mainly of leukopenia, but anemia and thrombocytopenia occur in some patients. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the main gastrointestinal symptoms. Elevation of serum transaminases seems to reflect liver toxicity. Renal function is well preserved, except for rare instances of acute renal failure. Cardiac toxicity remains questionable, although heart failure and arrhythmias have been associated with the administration of IFNs. Most, if not all, of these effects are reversible or can be ameliorated. With IFN alpha, the type most widely used in clinical studies, doses of 1 million to 9 million units (MU) are generally well tolerated, but doses greater than or equal to 18 MU yield moderate to severe toxicity. Doses greater than or equal to 36 MU can induce severe toxicity and significantly alter the performance status of the patient.
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PMID:Clinical toxicity of interferons in cancer patients: a review. 241 69


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