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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, a cohort analysis assessed job activity and six personal characteristics in relation to 395 fatal heart attacks. Four cohorts aged 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 in 1951 were studied annually for job shifts affecting energy output and for sudden or delayed death from heart attack by age 75. All subjects underwent multiphasic screening for heavy cigarette smoking, higher blood pressure, history of prior heart disease, obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, and higher blood cholesterol. The first three of these characteristics added risk of fatal heart attack. The amount of risk varied in the four cohorts. Higher energy output on the job reduced risk of fatal heart attack, especially sudden death, in the two younger cohorts, where less active workers were at threefold increased risk. Lack of this effect in the two older cohorts could imply real differences in their work habits, such as being less energetic in heavy jobs or more energetic in light jobs than the younger cohorts. Or, before the study began, early deaths may have winnowed susceptibles from the two older cohorts. Combined low-energy output, heavy smoking, and higher blood pressure increased risk by as much as 20-fold. By elimination of these adverse influences, this population might have had an 88% reduction in its rate of fatal heart attack during the 22 years.
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PMID:Work-energy level, personal characteristics, and fatal heart attack: a birth-cohort effect. 84 74

It has been observed that among men of Japanese ancestry, there is a gradient in CHD mortality increasing from Japan to Hawaii to California. A study of 11,900 Japanese men in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, Honolulu, Hawaii, and the San Francisco Bay Area of California has been conducted to investigate this disease difference. This paper describes the selection of the study populations and their age distributions, and outlines the study methods. This paper also introduces and briefly summarizes four papers that give the results for mortality comparisons, biochemical and blood pressure distributions and results for heart disease prevalence among the three cohorts.
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PMID:Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: introduction. 120 49

Total circulatory support for acute reversible myocardial failure is rarely used in clinical situations outside the postoperative period following cardiac surgery. We treated an 8-year-old girl who suffered acute viral myocarditis and sustained cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary bypass for resuscitation. This was accomplished with the use of the portable cardiopulmonary support system (CPS), which consists of a centrifugal pump and a membrane oxygenator. This patient was placed on CPS in Hawaii and transported after 3 days to San Diego (4200 km) for further mechanical support and possible heart transplantation. Adequate cardiac function returned and CPS was stopped after 6 days. She is alive and well, attending school two and a half years after the event. Prolonged use of CPS for acute myocardial failure outside the operating room, including long distance transportation, is effective and easily accomplished with currently and widely available equipment, and should be used in acute, reversible catastrophic heart disease.
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PMID:Prolonged extracorporeal circulation for acute myocarditis. 139 96

Since 1975, an estimated 979,700 refugees from Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries have immigrated to the United States (L. Bussert, Office of Refugee Resettlement, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, personal communication, 1991). Although public health agencies have reported extensively on the occurrence of infectious diseases in these populations (1-4), the prevalence of risk factors for noninfectious health concerns (e.g., heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries) have not been well defined. To characterize risk factors for selected noninfectious diseases and injuries among the estimated 280,200 Vietnamese who have relocated to California, the University of California, San Francisco, and the California Department of Health Services developed a Vietnamese-language version of CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for use in a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system. This report summarizes findings from the 1991 survey and compares them with data for the general California or U.S. population.
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PMID:Behavioral risk factor survey of Vietnamese--California, 1991. 173 12

Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common cyanotic heart defect, has not been closely associated with a specific chromosome defect. The San Luis Valley Recombinant Chromosome 8 [SLV Rec(8)] syndrome is strongly associated with congenital heart disease, particularly tetralogy of Fallot. This article reviews SLV Rec(8) syndrome and other chromosome 8 aberrations to suggest locations for cardiogenic genes. SLV Rec(8) [rec(8),dup q,inv(8)(p23q22)] syndrome has been found in Hispanic families in the southwestern United States. Congenital heart disease is found in 93.3% of SLV Rec(8) individuals (n = 45), with tetralogy of Fallot constituting 40.5% of all lesions and conotruncal defects, 55.6%. These frequencies exceed the incidence of tetralogy of Fallot (10%) and conotruncal defects (20%) among all children with heart defects (P less than 0.003 for both). Review of patients with deletion 8p (n = 13) showed heart defects in 84.6% with 27.3% being conotruncal defects. Among duplication 8q patients (n = 20), 45% had heart defects with conotruncal defects constituting 44%. Neither group differed significantly from expected in its incidence of conotruncal defects. Among patients with mosaic trisomy 8 (n = 47), 12 had heart abnormalities including one conotruncal defect. Among 3 patients with other rec(8) chromosomes, one had a ventricular septal defect. The cause of heart defects in SLV Rec(8) cannot be assigned to either the deletion of 8p or the duplication of 8q. The lack of an association between other chromosome 8 abnormalities and tetralogy of Fallot suggests that genes at the SLV Rec(8) breakpoints or an interaction between genes on both arms of chromosome 8 are important.
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PMID:San Luis Valley recombinant chromosome 8 and tetralogy of Fallot: a review of chromosome 8 anomalies and congenital heart disease. 174 13

In patients with terminal cancer, there is a need for a psychosomatic approach in which both the patient's psychological state, including QOL, and physical condition are considered. We studied patients with gynecologic cancer with the following practical objectives: 1. To evaluate the effect of a psychosomatic approach to patients with terminal gynecologic cancer; 2. Using psychological tests and interviews, to clarify the character tendencies of cancer patients, which are often reported in other countries; and 3. To discuss the benefits in the patient's attitude toward living with cancer. In case studies, separation anxiety of terminal cancer patients is increased due to impending death, and often patients cannot deal with these feelings. When the medical staff accepts these emotions, the patients' feelings even in the face of death often change to positive feelings of gratitude to the people around them. All of the results of psychological testing showed model answers, close to the mean of the normal range. This suggests that the patients were suppressing emotions behind their standard responses. Patients with uterine cancer showed a type C or cancer character, while those with ovarian cancer showed type A or heart disease character. Results indicated different attitudes between patients with uterine cancer and those with ovarian cancer. Cancer patients with a vigorous attitude (high POMS-V score pattern behavior) tended to have a good prognosis. This investigation represents a pilot study of a psychosomatic approach to cancer patients. However, recent psychoneuroimmunologic studies have reported the influence of emotion on cancer. Further studies of this kind are needed.
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PMID:Psychosomatic approach to patients with gynecologic cancer. 174 65

To test the hypothesis that firefighter exposures may increase cancer risk, mortality rates were calculated for 3,066 San Francisco Fire Department firefighters employed between 1940 and 1970. Vital status was ascertained through 1982, and observed and expected rates, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using United States death rates for comparison. The total number deceased (1,186) was less than expected and there were fewer cancer deaths than expected. However, there were significant excess numbers of deaths from esophageal cancer (12 observed, 6 expected), cirrhosis and other liver diseases (59 observed, 26 expected), and accidental falls (21 observed, 11 expected). There were 24 line-of-duty deaths, which were primarily due to vehicular injury, falls, and asphyxiation. Heart disease and respiratory disease deaths occurred significantly less often than expected. It was concluded that the increased risks of death from esophageal cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases may have been due to firefighter exposures, alcohol consumption, or interaction between alcohol and exposures. Because this was an older cohort and firefighter exposures have changed due to the increasing use of synthetic materials, it is recommended that the effects of modern-day exposures be further studied.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters. 200 22

One hundred seventeen Indochinese adults were screened for heart disease risk factors at a San Diego community health facility during December 1986. Two levels of excess risk, moderate-high and high, were categorically defined for blood pressure, total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and obesity. Overall, 61% were at moderate-high or high risk in at least one category, and 34% were at high risk by these criteria. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were positively correlated to age, and ethnicity was a significant covariate for cholesterol, body mass index, and cigarette smoking. The Hmong, compared with other Indochinese, had a significantly lower mean cholesterol level, which remained after adjusting for age and body mass. High rates of cigarette smoking were found among Vietnamese men and young Indochinese men. If confirmed, the high prevalence of heart disease risk factors in Indochinese refugees and immigrants suggests that cardiovascular health education programs are appropriate in Indochinese communities.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease risk factors in an Indochinese population. 274 84

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels represent one of the most challenging problems for advanced diagnostic imaging systems. Computed tomographic scanning is potentially an ideal cardiac imaging modality since it is a cross-sectional imaging method with very high resolution. Currently available computed tomographic scanners have exposure speeds of 1 to 5 seconds, which are inadequate for the majority of cardiovascular imaging applications. Nevertheless, a variety of limited computed tomographic scanning techniques have been successfully performed in selected patient subgroups. These methods require the administration of contrast medium injected or infused into a peripheral vein, combined with either dynamic computed tomographic scanning or some form of electrocardiographic gated computed tomography. The newer conventional computed tomographic scanners can display anatomic structures in the heart and great vessels with considerable fidelity and provide not only cross-sectional displays but also, by means of computer manipulation, any selected reconstructed images in oblique, coronal or sagittal projections. Feasibility studies indicate improved accuracy of computed tomographic measurements of cardiac chamber volumes. Physiologic measurements include estimation of shunt flows and cardiac output and analysis of myocardial wall thickening. The full potential of computed tomography should be reached once fast, multiple slice, computed tomographic scanners using scanning electron beam techniques become available. The prototype CVCT (cine computed tomographic C-100 scanner) designed at the University of California, San Francisco, is now undergoing evaluation. This instrument images up to eight contiguous slices at the rate of 16 to 24 images/s. The computed tomographic scanner specifically designed for cardiac imaging should extend the utility of computed tomography in the evaluation of cardiac diseases and the study of cardiovascular physiology.
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PMID:Computed tomography of the heart: evaluation of anatomy and function. 396 34


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