Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MPKU pregnancies, with or without dietary treatment to reduce maternal plasma phenylalanine (phe), show variable, increased non-physiologic levels, as the putative cause of fetal teratogenicity. Cerebral dysgenesis with clinical neonatal microcephaly and congenital heart disease indicates altered organ morphogenesis. Although there is not an established precise relationship between maternal phe levels and outcome, dietary restriction before or early in gestation is universally advised. Both human experience and animal research have suggested differential organ responses to high and low phe levels. Structural microencephaly may be due to reduced brain volume or abnormal regional brain development. Infants in MPKU are also at risk to develop PKU. Microencephaly was evident by MRI in 8 of 21 infants born to 12 MPKU mothers; 2 infants of one mother developed PKU. All levels of gestational plasma phe were associated with otherwise structurally normal infant microencephalic brains appropriate for age in myelination. CHD occurred in one microencephalic infant of a classic MPKU treated in the first trimester. Maternal, cord and neonatal plasma phenylalanine at delivery did not correlate with teratogenic effects. Only untreated 'classic' MPKU fetal effects appear predictable.
 ...
PMID:MRI characterization of cerebral dysgenesis in maternal PKU. 776 67

For radiological examinations, propofol is administered, depending on the indications, at following doses: for anxiolysis: i.v. bolus of 10-20 mg, repeated as required; for sedation with maintenance of spontaneous ventilation: i.v. bolus of 0.5 mg.kg-1 or continuous infusion of 3 mg.kg.h-1. for general anaesthesia: i.v. bolus of 2 mg.kg-1 and maintenance with a continuous infusion of 6-10 mg.kg-1.h-1. These doses are modified according to the patient's reactions and painful episodes. In neuroradiology, indications for anaesthesia include vascular explorations, MRI, computerized axial tomography, as well as biopsies of organs and tumors, with the exception of explorations in patients with tight stenoses of the carotid artery. The use of propofol for cardiological explorations is questioned in adults and mainly in children with a congenital cardiopathy. For some authors this agent is contra-indicated, as during induction it decreases, sometimes excessively, the mean arterial pressure.
 ...
PMID:[Use of Diprivan in radiology]. 787 53

Limitation on muscle work capacity independent of blood supply has been postulated to be a contributing factor for a decrease in exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the exercise energy metabolism of skeletal muscles in chronic heart disease in relation to work capacity using 31-Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Ten patients with chronic heart disease (group C) and 11 healthy subjects (group N) were studied. Peak oxygen uptake was determined during upright ergometer exercise. For the MRS study, the maximal cross-sectional area (MCA) of flexor muscles in the forearm and calf was first determined from MRI. Next, wrist and planter flexion exercises were performed separately while MRS spectra obtained. The exercise work load was applied according to each MCA (1J/cm2/min). Body weight and MCA were not significantly different between N and C. Peak oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) and work rate (watt) during ergometer exercise ware significantly decreased in C (31 +/- 6 vs. 18 +/- 8 and 154 +/- 39 vs. 100 +/- 17, respectively, mean +/- SD, N vs. C, P < 0.05). In the MRS study, the decrease in pH was significantly greater in the forearm than in the calf in both groups. In comparing C with N, a decrease in PCr (suggestive of increased ADP) and a decrease in pH were greater in C in the calf. However, the peak work rates of both flexors were not significantly different between N and C. These results suggest that chronic heart disease probably affects the energy metabolism of mitochondria in skeletal muscles of the lower extremity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Energy metabolism and work capacity of skeletal muscles in patients with chronic heart disease: a study using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy]. 822 79

An 85-year-old man who did not have any previous history of heart disease was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of disturbance of consciousness, tetraparesis, and bilateral Babinski signs. On admission, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed bilatral vertebral arteries without filling the basilar artery. On the second hospital day, MRI showed a septum in the basilar artery, and no infarctions were noted in the brain stem. He gradually improved with heparin therapy. On the tenth hospital day, intravenous DSA disclosed filling of the basilar artery. On the sixteenth hospital day, conventional cerebral angiography revealed filling of the basilar artery from the left vertebral artery, and string sign and linear shadow (intimal flap) was noted in the basilar artery. He was diagnosed to have the basilar artery dissection. The patient became ambulatory and was discharged independently. This is very rare case of the basilar artery dissection with a good prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[A case of recanalized basilar artery following basilar artery occlusion due to spontaneous dissection]. 872 Mar 33

We present a case of metastatic carcinoid tumor metastatic to the heart, presenting as ventricular arrhythmia and diagnosed by 111Inpentetreotide scintiscan despite negative endocardial biopsy. The incidence and diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease is discussed, as well as the complementary role of high-resolution anatomical images (CT, MRI) with functional images (SPECT, PET) to determine the correct diagnosis of this rare condition.
 ...
PMID:Visualization of myocardial metastasis of carcinoid tumor by indium-111-pentetreotide. 879 Feb 10

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart disease characterized by a total or partial fat replacement of the myocardium. A total of 30 patients were studied with a suspected diagnosis of ARVD. Clinical criteria used for evaluation of ARVD were: (a) ventricular origin arrhythmias with a left bundle branch block configuration, (b) T-wave inversion in the anterior precordial leads, (c) ventricular kinetic alterations observed using echocardiography and angiography and (d) cardiac failure when there are no pathologies attributable to other heart diseases. All patients had serial EKG and echocardiography tests. One third of patients underwent angiocardiography; 7 of 30 had Holter; 7 of 30 had exercise test just to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-arrhythmic therapy. All patients underwent MRI examination. The following MRI criteria were used: (a) high-intensity areas indicating the fatty substitution of the myocardium, (b) ectasia of the right ventricular outflow tract, (c) dyskinetic bulges, (d) dilation of the right ventricle and (e) enlargement of the right atrium. The diagnosis of ARVD was classified as highly probable for patients manifesting at least three positive criteria, probable with two positive criteria, dubious with one and negative in the absence of all criteria. Highly probable diagnosis of ARVD was made in 8 patients, probable in 4, dubious in 7 and negative in 11. The MRI technique is very effective in the assessment of ARVD. The MRI criteria may be helpful in the diagnosis of this condition.
 ...
PMID:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: MR features. 908 46

The disease is named after George H. Whipple who, in 1907, was the first to describe an intestinal "lipodystrophy". Although Whipple's disease is generally recognized as a multisystem chronic granulomatous disease, primarily involving the digestive system, it can also appear as a primary neurological disorder in rare cases. Most often it is manifested with loss of weight, diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, cardiopathy, hyperpigmentation and hypotension. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages in biopsy specimens (not only jejunal) and demonstration of "Whipple's bacilli" visible by electron microscopy, are diagnostic signs of active Whipple's disease. Whipple's disease confined to the CNS is rare. It is rarely found in the differential diagnosis of patients with progressive neurological deterioration. The most common neurological picture includes progressive dementia, external ophalmoplegia, myoclonus, seizures, ataxia, hypothalamic dysfunction (sleep disorders, hyperphagia, polydipsia) and meningitis. Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia as a movement disorder, associated with Whipple's disease, is reported. Fulminant course of cerebral Whipple's disease is unusual and unfavourable. The confusing and nonspecific clinical appearance is typical for primary CNS involvement. It has recently been suggested that CNS involvement occurs in all cases, although only 10-20% of patients may show it. The CNS is the most common site of disease relapse. The CT scans and MRI of the brain are often normal, but may show cortical/subcortical atrophy, hydrocephalus, focal or intracerebral mass lesions. The cerebrospinal fluid can sometimes contain PAS-positive macrophages. Brain biopsy is suggested as a diagnostic method in cases of high suspicion of CNS Whipple's disease. However, the lesions are frequently inaccessible and false negative. Without extended antibiotic therapy, the course of Whipple's disease is lethal. Now, the prognosis is good, although the optimal antimicrobial regimen is not clearly established. Initial parenteral therapy (tetracycline, penicilline, streptomycine, chloramphenicol, ampicilline) and peroral long-term treatment with trimetoprime-sulphametoxasole, are recommended. As CNS relapse of Whipple's disease may occur after several years, long-term treatment should include antibiotics that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The CNS relapse, in contrast to the systemic ones, is resistant to the treatment. Appropriate therapy instituted earlier in the course of the disease is associated with a better neurological outcome. Early recognition can be critical in Whipple's disease because of irreversible neurological sequelae seen later in the course of this potentially treatable condition. In cases with high clinical suspicion in which Whipple's disease cannot be diagnosed with procedures such as jejunal biopsy, antibiotic therapy is recommended. Recovery of an established neurological deficit may rarely occur. Longterm follow-up studies would help to identify the optimal antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Neurologic disorders in Whipple's disease]. 910 28

Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) represents an important prognostic factor in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A noninvasive diagnostic approach is offered by several imaging techniques, such as chest X-ray, nuclear medicine, real-time sonography, color Doppler US, CT and MRI. However, at present a quantitative assessment of PAP is not achieved with reasonable precision with any of these techniques. Tricuspid regurgitation can be estimated by continuous wave Doppler but it may be difficult in patients with COPD. On the contrary, the severity of pulmonary hypertension can be accurately assessed with pulsed Doppler echocardiography from the subxiphoid region, using a general purpose US device. Nineteen adult patients with COPD were studied by duplex-Doppler from an oblique subxiphoid approach and right heart catheterization. The study was diagnostic in all cases with quality Doppler recordings. A significant relationship was found between AcT and pulmonary mean or systolic pressure at rest. An accurate prediction of PAP in COPD is possible by means of pulsed-Doppler also in low-grade hypertension. This technique is considered a simple and reliable adjunct to the noninvasive evaluation of COPD and represents a satisfactory alternative to the classical parasternal approach preferred by cardiologists but often not suitable for emphysematous patients. Radiologists who routinely use a general purpose US device are encouraged to try this new technique in the study of heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic estimation of chronic cor pulmonale by Doppler echocardiography. Clinical value and comparison with other noninvasive imaging techniques. 914 16

To date, most application of cardiovascular MRI relate to the evaluation of major vessels rather than the heart itself. However, MRI plays a major role in the evaluation of specific types of cardiovascular pathology, namely intracardiac and paracardiac masses, pericardial disease, and congenital heart disease. Because the visualization of cardiovascular anatomy with MR is non-invasive and permits three-dimensional analysis, it is clear that MRI will have a growing and significant impact over the next years. We will review some of the technical aspects of cardiac MRI and will describe the current and potential clinical and investigative applications of this new methodology.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac and pericardial disease. 926 Mar 98

It can be difficult to make a timely and proper diagnosis in women who have coronary artery disease. The erroneous impression by physicians and the community that fewer women than men experience this disease plays a role. Timing of presentation and the spectrum of symptoms in women are somewhat different than in men. Once heart disease enters into the differential diagnosis, the choice of evaluation methods becomes a challenge. The variety of exercise or pharmacologic stress tests with decisions concerning the addition of nuclear techniques or echocardiography makes it important to understand the benefits and shortfallings of each modality. Pre-test probability of disease, the baseline ECG, accuracy, and expertise available all should be considered. Sometimes, technologies such as MRI, CT, or PET are useful. Whatever choice is made, it is vital to appreciate the high mortality and morbidity of coronary artery disease in women. Making prudent decisions to uncover their disease as early as possible allows appropriate treatment and risk factor modification.
 ...
PMID:Making the diagnosis in women with coronary artery disease. 951 Jun 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>