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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single education program for teaching principles of the Prudent Diet was assessed for its effectiveness in producing compliance to dietary recommendations. The study population consisted of 50 free-living adults between the ages of 20 and 75. Each adult was a member of a club or organization that had requested to view the program via a local chapter of the AHA. A pretest/post-test format was used for the study. Individuals completed a questionnaire prior to viewing the program and again eight weeks after viewing the program. The questionnaire was designed to measure attitudes, knowledge, and compliance to recommendations. Demographic data regarding age, sex, and exposure to heart disease were also obtained. Results indicated that the study population changed their beliefs about their perceived susceptibility to CHD, becoming more concerned after viewing the program. Attitudes toward diet and CHD became slightly more positive but not significantly so. An overall gain in knowledge occurred that was highly significant. The study group consumed skim milk, lean meats, and broiled meats more often after viewing the program. In addition, they reported trimming all visible fat from meat before preparation and/or consumption. It was concluded that this education program has potential for producing an attitude change and knowledge acquisition and for motivating positive changes in dietary habits toward the recommendations of the Prudent Diet.
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PMID:Assessment of a cardiovascular education program. 663 Aug 19

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease. There are many theories surrounding its pathogenesis, none of which is more popular than the "lipid" hypothesis. There is an extensive body of evidence from experimental, epidemiological and pathological studies linking diet to plasma cholesterol on the one hand and plasma cholesterol to heart disease on the other. These data suggest strongly that education of the public about diet modification as one means of reducing CHD risk is a safe, appropriate and feasible approach to the prevention of the disease at the present time. The recommendations to the public are to reduce the fat content of their diets, specifically saturated fats, and limit the daily intake of dietary cholesterol to 300 mgs/day.
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PMID:Diet and coronary heart disease. 694 40

Of the risk factors related to coronary heart disease, three clearly stand out: elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and elevated levels of serum cholesterol. Recently, considerable evidence has accumulated indicating that, in addition to concentration of total blood cholesterol, the manner in which cholesterol is distributed or transported in the blood may be associated with the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Specifically, the level of one particular lipoprotein called high density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be an important predictor of the possibility of developing heart disease. The higher the proportion of HDL the lower the risk of developing heart disease. In general, the blood concentrations of HDL cholesterol are high in children, decrease with age, and are the lowest in sufferers of coronary heart disease. This observation is true in both blacks and whites. The relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol have not been definitely established. Preliminary reports indicate that exercise does, in fact, raise blood levels of HDL cholesterol and may thus provide some protective effect to coronary heart disease. Data are only now emerging as to the specific effects of diet, stress, or diabetes on the proportion changes of serum HDL cholesterol and their possible interaction in CHD. New and exciting relationships appear to be close at hand.
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PMID:HDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease. 698 62

We reviewed the records of 217 children whose first episode of supraventricular tachycardia occurred before 18 years (median age 24 months). There were 112 males and 105 females. Of the 49 with congenital heart disease, SVT began before any operation in 26 and greater than 2 weeks postoperatively in 23. Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome was present on surface ECG in 47/217 (22%). Congestive heart failure accompanied the first episode of SVT in 38% of the patients who were 4 months of age or younger, and in only 19% of those over 4 months (P less than 0.001). Treatment was successful in stopping SVT within 48 hours in 90/142 (63%). Successful short-term treatment included digoxin 57/184 (68%), cardioversion 12/20 (60%), vagal maneuvers 12/19 (63%), phenylephrine 3/9, and overdrive pacing 4/5. SVT recurred at least once in 83% of all patients. On follow-up (mean 4.6 years), episodes of SVT were still present in 56%. Three patients died--two from incessant SVT and one from a CVA after VSD repair. We conclude that long-term status was difficult to predict, but SVT was present in fewer patients whose age at onset was less than 4 months and in those with unoperated CHD. Early recurrence was not a poor prognostic sign. We recommended treatment for at least one year in all patients with SVT, whether or not the first episode terminates spontaneously.
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PMID:Supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up in 217 patients. 722 88

The incidence of congenital heart disease [CHD] among infants and children has been studied since 1976. The sample represents more than one third of all infants born annually during the years under review. In 1976, 354 of all newborns had a CHD, confirmed by autopsy in 105, as compared with 285 newborns with CHD in 1977, confirmed by autopsy in 62, the incidence in 1976 and 1977 thus being 9.48% and 7.67%, respectively. The most common diseases were ventricular septal defect (38.7% and 39.65%), atrial septal defect (9.04% and 7.72%) and left-to-right shunt (8.47 and 11.23%). The incidence of the remaining CHD was less than 5%. During the two years under review and unspecified heart diseases represented 12.15% (1976) and 7.72% (1977). Mortality within the first month of birth in 1976 and 1977 was 62.8% and 51.6%, respectively. The difference shows that the incidence of CHD in 1976 was higher than in 1977.
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PMID:Incidence of congenital heart disease among children in a selected population sample. 723 50

Is coronary heart disease in women receiving the attention it deserves? Much of the advice on the prevention of CHD has been focused on men, and women tend to concentrate on reducing their families' risk of heart disease rather than their own. This paper investigates the importance of the disease in women and examines the way certain aspects of women's lives can have an adverse effect on their health.
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PMID:Women's health. Factors linking women and CHD. 770 Jul 84

MPKU pregnancies, with or without dietary treatment to reduce maternal plasma phenylalanine (phe), show variable, increased non-physiologic levels, as the putative cause of fetal teratogenicity. Cerebral dysgenesis with clinical neonatal microcephaly and congenital heart disease indicates altered organ morphogenesis. Although there is not an established precise relationship between maternal phe levels and outcome, dietary restriction before or early in gestation is universally advised. Both human experience and animal research have suggested differential organ responses to high and low phe levels. Structural microencephaly may be due to reduced brain volume or abnormal regional brain development. Infants in MPKU are also at risk to develop PKU. Microencephaly was evident by MRI in 8 of 21 infants born to 12 MPKU mothers; 2 infants of one mother developed PKU. All levels of gestational plasma phe were associated with otherwise structurally normal infant microencephalic brains appropriate for age in myelination. CHD occurred in one microencephalic infant of a classic MPKU treated in the first trimester. Maternal, cord and neonatal plasma phenylalanine at delivery did not correlate with teratogenic effects. Only untreated 'classic' MPKU fetal effects appear predictable.
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PMID:MRI characterization of cerebral dysgenesis in maternal PKU. 776 67

An attempt was made to replicate the results of an earlier confirmatory factor analysis of the seven traditionally employed physical risk factors for CHD. As with the first investigation, a two-factor solution was confirmed; only family history loaded on factor 1; the remaining six risk variables (smoking, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, diet, exercise, and weight control) comprised factor 2. These findings may reflect a broad personality trait, i.e., generalized lack of self-control, which could underlie much CHD risk not associated with a family history of heart disease. Implications are drawn for research and practice in the areas of cardiac rehab and prevention.
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PMID:The factor analytic structure of seven physical CHD risk factors: a replication study. 801 43

Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor of arteriosclerotic diseases. In Japan, as heart disease and cerebrovascular disorders rank second and third as the causes of death, demand has intensified for measures to prevent these diseases. In the U.S., the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) was initiated as a means to prevent CHD by reducing th prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Since 1988, this program has demonstrated effectiveness in this regard. In Japan, there are no consistent guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia such as are espoused by the NCEP. In this study, in an endeavor to resolve this problem, a worksite population (1343 adult males) was classified according to the NCEP guidelines and the role and effectiveness of NCEP in this population were studied. A questionnaire concerning life-style and some biochemical findings were also used to classify the subjects according to the NCEP guidelines. Of the subjects, 22.8% were classified as hypercholesterolemic (> or = 240 mg/dl) and another 34.9% as being borderline high risk (> or = 200 < 240 mg/dl). Twenty-five percent of subjects required diet or drug therapy. The percentage of subjects requiring therapeutic intervention increased with age. The therapy group subjects tended to have a larger number of risk factors compared to the normal group. They also featured a significantly high age-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and elevated serum triglyceride. This study suggests that in the health management of those in the therapy group, educational instruction on coronary risk factors is required.
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PMID:[Classification of hyperlipidemia in a worksite population in Japan using criteria of the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program]. 804 15

Data from the National Center for Health Statistics were examined to aid in assessing the burden of congenital heart disease in the United States. In 1979 through 1988 combined, 46,450 deaths were attributed to CHD, 26,319 occurring in the first year of life. Another 14,283 deaths were attributed to other congenital anomalies of the circulatory system. In 1988 through 1990 combined, there were > 300,000 hospital discharges with any diagnosis of CHD, with 2.7 million days of care provided. For infants aged < 1 year, the rate was 13.7 per 1000 live births per year. Another 242,049 discharges had any diagnosis of other congenital circulatory anomalies. In 1983 through 1985, > 700,000 persons reported a history of CHD. In 1989, heart malformations were reported on the birth certificate of 4621 live births in 45 states and the District of Columbia. In 1988 through 1990 there were an estimated 37,445 repairs of atrial and ventricular septa. In addition, 45,635 cardiac catheterizations were performed in patients aged < 5. Average annual percentage declines in infant mortality rates for the period 1979 through 1988 were consistent with an effect of improvements in surgical technique and intensive care. The average annual infant mortality rate for hypoplastic left heart syndrome increased 1.3%, and rates for five causes amenable to treatment such as transposition of great vessels declined. Infant mortality rates in nonmetropolitan areas were higher than in metropolitan areas, suggesting that limited access to care might be associated with mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in the United States. 815 32


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