Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past decade, emerging evidence has accumulated of different nuclear transcription factors in regulation of cardiac development and growth as well as in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. GATA-4, -5 and -6 are zinc finger transcription factors that are expressed in the developing heart and GATA-4 and -6 continue expression in the adult cardiac myocytes. GATA-4 and -6 regulate expression of several cardiac-specific genes, and during murine embryonic development, GATA-4 is essential for proper cardiac morphogenesis. In support of this, mutations of gene for GATA-4 or for its cofactors have been associated with human congenital heart disease. Pressure overload of the heart in vivo as well as hypertrophic stimulation of cardiac myocytes in vitro provide adequate stimulus for activation of GATA-4. Activity of GATA-4 transcription factor is subject to regulation at the level of gene expression and through post-translational modifications of GATA-4 protein. A number of genes induced during cardiac hypertrophy possess functional GATA sites in their promoter region and cardiac-specific overexpression of GATA-4 or -6 leads to cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, a pattern of interactions between GATA-4 and its numerous cofactors have been identified, showing an increasing complexity in regulatory mechanisms. The present review discusses current evidence of the role and regulation of GATA transcription factors in the heart, with an emphasis in the GATA-4 and development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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PMID:GATA transcription factors in the developing and adult heart. 1524 77

GATA-4, a zinc finger transcription factor, plays a critical role in heart development. Previous studies have shown that p300-targeted GATA-4 acetylation increases GATA-4 stability and transcriptional activity, which then stimulates hypertrophy of cardiomyocyte. Erythropoietin (EPO), an essential hypoxia-induced hormone for normal erythropoiesis, is known to exert cardioprotective effects against heart disease of either ischemic or non-ischemic origins. Although, various action mechanisms of EPO have been proposed in the diseased heart, its action mechanism in normal condition has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of EPO-induced ERK signaling on the regulation of GATA-4 protein action. EPO treatment increased the protein level of endogenous GATA-4 via ERK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK activity by U0126, suppressed EPO-induced expression of GATA-4 protein in rat cardiac myocytes. In addition, ERK activation by over-expression of constitutively active MEK1 strongly increased GATA-4 phosphorylation and subsequently enhanced its acetylation in P19 cells. EPO-induced ERK activation further increased the association of GATA-4 with p300. On the other hand, knock-down of p300 using siRNA diminished ERK-induced GATA-4 acetylation. As EPO-induced GATA-4 phosphorylation via ERK signaling pathway directly correlated with GATA-4 acetylation, we investigated to identify the ERK-dependent phosphorylation sites in GATA-4. Site-directed mutagenesis implicated that Ser-261 in GATA-4 played an important role for ERK-mediated GATA-4 acetylation. Taken together, these results indicated that EPO-induced ERK signaling activation increased GATA-4 phosphorylation and acetylation, partly via increase in the association between GATA-4 and p300, and these processes required the phosphorylation of GATA-4 at Ser-261 residue.
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PMID:Erythropoietin-activated ERK/MAP kinase enhances GATA-4 acetylation via phosphorylation of serine 261 of GATA-4. 2267 27