Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentrations of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP) are typically higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in those without CKD. These elevated levels of NT-proBNP in patients with CKD do not simply reflect the reduced clearance of the peptide; rather, they largely reflect a true-positive finding, identifying the presence of heart disease in these patients, while similarly indicating prognosis as well. Although modestly stronger inverse correlations exist between renal function and NT-proBNP compared with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), the dependence of both peptides on renal clearance is similar. Across the range of CKD, correlations between BNP and NT-proBNP remain strong, and the prognostic impact of NT-proBNP in patients with CKD is preserved. When evaluating the patient with acute dyspnea and CKD, both BNP and NT-proBNP are affected similarly, with higher decision limits necessary compared with patients with preserved renal function. Importantly, when using NT-proBNP to evaluate a patient with dyspnea and impaired renal function, the recommended cut points of 450, 900, and 1,800 ng/L for those aged <50, 50-75, and >75 years, respectively, do not require further adjustment for renal function. Thus, NT-proBNP testing remains useful for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with CKD.
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PMID:Amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide testing in renal disease. 1824 65

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is an inherited heart disease characterized by left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels with LV remodeling on magnetic resonance imaging and procollagen formation in 17 healthy controls and 24 patients with nonobstructive HC attributable to an identical Asp175Asn (aspartic acid to asparagine at codon 175) mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin gene. None of the patients had history of decompensated heart failure, and all patients had normal LV ejection fraction. Patients with HC had higher NT-pro-BNP levels compared with controls (median 60 pmol/L, range <40 to 359, vs <40 pmol/L; p <0.001), but 9 patients with HC had normal NT-pro-BNP levels (<40 pmol/L). In patients with HC, levels of NT-pro-BNP were correlated significantly with LV end-systolic volume index (r = 0.50, p <0.05), LV mass index (r = 0.47, p <0.05), proportion of hypokinetic segments (r = 0.50, p <0.05), and levels of serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (r = 0.52, p <0.01). When patients with HC were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their NT-pro-BNP levels, there were statistically significant linear associations of LV end-systolic volume (test for linearity p = 0.034), LV mass index (p = 0.009), proportion of hypokinetic segments (p = 0.016), and levels of serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (p = 0.020) with NT-pro-BNP levels over the 3 groups, suggesting a tight relation between LV remodeling and levels of NT-pro-BNP. In conclusion, in patients with nonobstructive HC attributable to an Asp175Asn mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin gene, elevated NT-pro-BNP levels are associated with incipient LV remodeling, suggesting that NT-pro-BNP could be used to diagnose insidious unfavorable LV remodeling in HC.
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PMID:Significance of plasma levels of N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide on left ventricular remodeling in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy attributable to the Asp175Asn mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin gene. 1839 56

Natriuretic peptide levels B (BNP) and A (ANP) have been described in children with different diagnose of congenital heart defects (CHD). However, the impact of the type of cardiac load per se on natriuretic peptide levels, irrespective of diagnosis, has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of BNP and ANP in children with congenital and acquired heart disease according to different types of cardiac load. Plasma BNP and ANP were analysed in 137 children with CHD/heart disease, median age 2.9 (0.3-16.7) years. Haemodynamic load was classified as: no overload, pressure overload, volume overload of right and/or left ventricle and systolic ventricular dysfunction. Twenty-three children without heart disease served as controls for the natriuretic peptide measurements. The highest BNP and ANP values were observed in the systolic dysfunction, 613 ng l(-1) (81.8-3910) and 431 (43.8-1990), and volume groups, 29.8 (5.5-352) and 93.0 (15.9-346), respectively, whereas the values in the pressure, 17.9 (0.7-315) and 51.9 (8.7-210), and no overload groups, 10.3 (0.2-28.1) and 28.6 (8.6-105), respectively, were only slightly higher than those in the controls 4.7 (0.0-17.7) and 32.9 (11.7-212.2), respectively. The highest BNP and ANP values were seen in children with systolic dysfunction, while volume overload in the absence of heart failure resulted in higher levels than pressure overload.
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PMID:Plasma levels of natriuretic peptide type B and A in children with heart disease with different types of cardiac load or systolic dysfunction. 1847 95

In cardiology, B-type natriuretic peptide and the amino terminal segment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are important biomarkers. The importance of these peptides as markers for heart disease in pediatric cardiology is reviewed. The peptide levels are dependent on age, assay, and possibly gender. The normal value range and upper limits for infants and children are needed. To determine reference values, data were combined from four studies that measured NT-proBNP levels in normal infants and children using the same electrochemiluminescence assay. The age intervals for the upper limits of normal were chosen for intervals in which no age-dependent change was observed. Statistical analysis was performed on log-transformed data. A total of 690 subjects (47% males) ages birth to 18 years were included in the review. The levels of NT-proBNP were highest in the first days of life, then showed a marked decline in the first week or weeks. The peptide levels continued to decline gradually with age (r = 0.43; p < 0.001). Male and female levels differed only for children ages 10 to 14 years. However, the upper limit of normal did not differ between the boys and girls in any age group. The findings lead to the conclusion that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP are important markers for heart disease in pediatric cardiology. The levels of NT-proBNP are highest in the first days of life and decrease drastically thereafter. A mild gradual decline occurs with age throughout childhood. Girls have somewhat higher levels of NT-proBNP during puberty.
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PMID:NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in infants and children: reference values based on combined data from four studies. 1860 Mar 69

We sought to investigate whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) can be used as a biomarker for the detection of carcinoid heart disease (CHD); 200 patients with carcinoid syndrome were screened for CHD using transthoracic echocardiography. A carcinoid score was formulated to quantify severity of CHD. NT-pro-BNP was measured in all patients before echocardiography. Patients were categorised into New York Heart Association class. CHD was present in 39 patients (19.5%). NT-pro-BNP was significantly higher in those with CHD (median 1,149 pg/ml) than in those without CHD (median 101 pg/ml, p <0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of NT-pro-BNP at a cut-off level of 260 pg/ml for detection of CHD were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. NT-pro-BNP positively correlated both with carcinoid score (r = 0.81, p <0.001) and New York Heart Association class (p <0.001). The number of patients screened to diagnose 1 case of CHD decreased from 5.1 to 1.4. In conclusion, NT-pro-BNP seems to be an excellent biomarker of CHD. A high negative predictive value may allow it to provide a screening test for CHD.
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PMID:Usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of the presence of carcinoid heart disease. 1880 26

We tested the hypothesis that plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are elevated in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) independent of heart disease, and reflect CVD severity. After careful evaluations for heart disease, the study included 79 consecutive patients with CVD without any evidence of heart disease admitted within 48 h after onset (71+/-10 years), and 26 control subjects without CVD (CT, 67+/-12 years). Ischemic stroke subtypes were defined by the TOAST classification. Large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA, n=27), small-artery occlusion (SAO, n=27), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, n=25) were included. The plasma BNP levels were measured at admission and 1 month later. Stroke severity and brain infarct volume were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the clinical profiles including echocardiographic parameters among the groups. The plasma BNP level (pg/mL) upon admission was higher in LAA (70.6+/-53.9) than in SAO (38.2+/-28.4) and CT (28.5+/-19.9) (both p<0.05). The level in ICH (47.3+/-28.6) was not significantly different from that in CT. The BNP level in ischemic stroke was positively correlated with the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (rho=0.42, p<0.05) and infarct volume (r=0.34, p<0.05). Brain infarct volume and NIHSS were independent contributors to the plasma BNP level in ischemic stroke. One month later, the BNP level was significantly decreased and was similar in all CVD groups. The plasma BNP level transiently increased in patients with LAA independently of heart disease, and reflected infarct volume and the severity of acute ischemic stroke.
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PMID:Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels independent of heart disease in acute ischemic stroke: correlation with stroke severity. 1897 47

The possibility that natriuretic peptides' effects are important in hypoxia responses of vertebrates is reviewed. Both the transcription and release of natriuretic peptides are affected by oxygen tension. Furthermore, many of the effects observed in hypoxia, such as diuresis and a reduction of plasma volume, are also caused by treatment of the animal with natriuretic peptides. Also, several clinical observations about changes in natriuretic peptide levels in, e.g., sleep apnea and cyanotic congenital heart disease, are consistent with the idea that hypoxia is involved in the etiology of conditions, in which natriuretic peptide levels increase. Virtually all published information on the relationship between oxygen and natriuretic peptides is based on human studies. Because hypoxic conditions are more common in aquatic than terrestrial environments, future studies about the possible role of natriuretic peptides in hypoxia, as well as the role of hypoxia in the evolution of natriuretic peptides, including the different subtypes, should increasingly involve also aquatic organisms.
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PMID:Natriuretic peptides in hormonal regulation of hypoxia responses. 1900 14

As a result of population ageing and improved medical care that contribute to better life expectancy, heart failure occurs more and more commonly in the elderly. In the USA approximately 80% of patients discharged from hospital with newly diagnosed heart failure are over 65 years of age, whereas 50% are over 75. The average 5-year mortality rate is about 50% in subjects with systolic dysfunction and similar in those with preserved left ventricular systolic function. Disorders of the cardiovascular system occurring in the elderly (e.g. increased left ventricular mass, myocardial rigidity, atrial fibrillation, decreased maximum oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary exercise tests) result from the physiological ageing; they may also be caused by a concomitant cardiac failure syndrome. In the elderly, heart failure is often accompanied by concomitant conditions that often make diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart disease difficult. Non-specific clinical symptoms in the elderly as well as those associated with age (e.g. easy fatigability, exertional dyspnea) make a correct diagnosis difficult. The recognized biochemical marker of heart failure--brain natriuretic peptide, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide--has a limited diagnostic value in the elderly. Echocardiography plays a key role in the diagnosis. Owing to altered metabolism, impairment of hepatic processes to various degrees and decreased renal excretion of drugs, treatment requires attention, individual choice of drugs and doses, as well as periodic modification of both the doses and the intervals between them. Correct treatment improves quality of life and prolongs it. The aim of the present work is to present the differences in the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the elderly, in light of the current views and standards.
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PMID:Chronic heart failure in the elderly: a current medical problem. 1911 19

A reduced risk of fatal coronary artery disease has been associated with a high intake of (n-3) fatty acids (FA) and a direct cardioprotective effect by their incorporation into myocardial cells has been suggested. Based on these observations, the omega-3 index (eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid in cell membranes of RBC expressed as percent of total FA) has been suggested as a new risk marker for cardiac death. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the omega-3 index as a prognostic risk marker following hospitalization with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The omega-3 index was measured at admission in 460 patients with an ACS as defined by Troponin-T (TnT) > or = 0.02 microg/L. During a 2-y follow-up, recurrent myocardial infarctions (MI) (defined as TnT > 0.05 microg/L with a typical MI presentation) and cardiac and all-cause mortality were registered. Cox regression analyses were used to relate the risk of new events to the quartiles of the omega-3 index at inclusion. After correction for age, sex, previous heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, homocysteine, BMI, and medication, there was no significant reduction in risk for all-cause mortality, cardiac death, or MI with increasing values of the index. In conclusion, we could not confirm the omega-3 index as a useful prognostic risk marker following an ACS.
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PMID:(n-3) Fatty acid content of red blood cells does not predict risk of future cardiovascular events following an acute coronary syndrome. 1915 16

Ejection fraction (EF) is often unknown in patients who present with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The objective of this study was to determine whether a patient's systolic blood pressure is associated with their left ventricular EF. This study was a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to an emergency department (ED) observation unit from January 2002 to December 2004. A low EF was defined as <40%. Among 475 patients, the median age was 72 years, 53% were men, 40% were white, 59% were black, and 59% had a low EF. Patients with low EFs were more likely male ( P<.0001), with prior congestive heart disease ( P<.0001), longer QRS duration ( P<.0001), left bundle branch block ( P<.0001), and higher B-type natriuretic peptide ( P<.0001). The low EF group was less likely to have diabetes ( P<.0001). Adjusted odds ratios for an EF >or=40% were significant at all systolic blood pressure readings >120 mm Hg. Having an ED systolic BP >120 mm Hg is associated with significantly higher rates of preserved left ventricular systolic function in patients with ADHF.
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PMID:Initial emergency department systolic blood pressure predicts left ventricular systolic function in acute decompensated heart failure. 1918 1


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