Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluates the effect of balanced ultrafiltration, modified ultrafiltration, and balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration on inflammatory mediators in children's open-heart surgery. Eighty children with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C group); balanced ultrafiltration group (BUF group); modified ultrafiltration group (MUF group); and balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration group (B+M group). Clinical data of these groups were similar. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-8(IL-8), and E-selectin were measured at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 min later, at the cessation of CPB, at the cessation of MUF (MUF group and B+M group), and 2 hours postoperatively. During CPB, the concentrations of TNF, IL-8, and E-selectin increased significantly in C and MUF groups and did not change significantly in BUF and B+M groups. In the period of MUF, TNF and IL-8 increased; whereas, E-selectin did not change. The study shows that ultrafiltration can filter out the inflammatory mediators, but only BUF can decrease the concentrations of them. Moreover, MUF only can concentrate blood. Combining both techniques has both effects, but the effect of BUF was offset by MUF.
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PMID:Balanced ultrafiltration, modified ultrafiltration, and balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. 1180 33

Interferon (IFN)-beta has a more than 120-fold higher antiviral activity than the closely related IFN-alpha in human myocardial fibroblasts infected with the cardiotropic enterovirus coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). CVB3 replication induces interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in myocardial fibroblasts, and suppresses the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We investigated whether the higher antiviral activity of IFN-beta compared to IFN-alpha was a result of a suppression of IL-8 expression by IFN-beta since previous studies had indicated that IL-8 stimulates enterovirus replication. Human myocardial fibroblasts were treated with either IFN-alpha, IFN-beta or IFN-gamma (0, 10, 100, or 1,000 IU/ml) and the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were measured in culture supernatants by immunoassays. Both IFN-beta and IFN-gamma reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expression significantly. In addition, neutralization of IL-8 in culture supernatants of myocardial fibroblasts using a monoclonal antibody demonstrated a significant reduction of CVB3 titers. Antiproliferative effects of all three IFNs were very low (<30% with 1,000 IU/ml), indicating that the suppression IL-6 and IL-8 was not related to cytotoxicity. MCP-1 expression was increased only by high concentrations of IFN-gamma (1,000 IU/ml). By contrast, IFN-alpha had no significant effect on IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 expression. In conclusion, suppression of IL-8 expression is an "immuno-modulating" feature of IFN-beta in human myocardial fibroblasts, which is similar to the activity of IFN-gamma. This feature of IFN-beta contributes to its high antiviral activity against CVB3 and may be useful in the treatment of enteroviral heart disease.
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PMID:Interferons in enteroviral heart disease: modulation of cytokine expression and antiviral activity. 1368 Feb 16

Pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is frequently associated with neurologic deficits. We describe the postoperative EEG changes, assess their possible causes, and evaluate their relevance to neurologic outcome. Thirty-one children and five neonates with congenital heart disease were included. EEG recording started after intubation and continued until 22-96 h after CPB. In addition to conventional analysis, spectral analysis was performed for occipital and frontal electrodes, and differences between pre- and postoperative delta power (delta-deltaP) were calculated. Maximum values of occipital delta-deltaP that occurred within 48 h after CPB were correlated with clinical variables and with perioperative markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Occipital delta-deltaP correlated with frontal delta-deltaP, and maximum delta-deltaP correlated with conventional rating. Distinct rise of deltaP was detected in 18 of 21 children without any acute or long-term neurologic deficits but only in five of 10 children with temporary or permanent neurologic deficits. Furthermore, maximally registered delta-deltaP was inversely associated with duration of CPB and postoperative ventilation. Maximal delta-deltaP was also inversely associated with the loss of plasma ascorbate (as an index of oxidative stress) and plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8. Slow wave activity frequently occurs within 48 h after CPB. However, our data do not support the notion that EEG slowing is associated with adverse neurologic outcome. This is supported by the fact that EEG slowing was associated with less oxido-inflammatory stress.
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PMID:Electroencephalographic changes after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: is slow wave activity unfavorable? 1618 8

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin's reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
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PMID:"Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. 1721 25

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that represents the primary cause of heart disease and stroke. The recruitment of inflammatory cells in the intima is an essential step in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This process is triggered by local production of chemokines and chemokine receptors from activated endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. Various members of the CC chemokine family (e.g. MCP-1/CCL2) as well as CXC family (e.g. IL-8/CCL8, IP-10/CXCL10, SDF-1/CXCL12) and, more recently, fractalkine/CX3CL1 have been implicated in atherosclerosis development. Latest findings in animal models suggest that blocking chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions may serve as a suitable approach to treat atherosclerosis. Likewise, chemokine antagonists that inhibit leukocyte recruitment could particularly be interesting to treat inflammation in response to myocardial infarction, the major consequence of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:The specific role of chemokines in atherosclerosis. 1747 81

The impressive correlation between cardiovascular disease and alterations in glucose metabolism has raised the likelihood that atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes may share common antecedents. Inflammation is emerging as a conceivable etiologic mechanism for both. Interleukins are regulatory proteins with ability to accelerate or inhibit inflammatory processes, and matrixins are prepro enzymes responsible for the timely breakdown of extracellular matrix. Interleukins (ILs) are classified based on their role in diabetes and atherosclerosis, hypothesizing that each interleukin acts on both diseases in the same direction - regardless if harmful, favorable or neutral. They are clustered into three groups: noxious (the 'bad', 8 members), comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18; protective (the 'good', 5 members), comprising IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 and IL-13; and 'aloof' , comprising IL-5, IL-9, IL-14, IL-16 and IL-19 through IL-29 (15 members). Each group presented converging effects on both diseases. IL-3 was reluctant to clustering and IL-30 through 33 were not included due to the scarce available data. It may be seen that (1) favorable effects of a given interleukin on either diabetes or atherosclerosis predicts similar effects on the other; (2) equally, harmful interleukin effects on one disease can be extrapolated to the other, and (3) absence of influence of a given interleukin on one of these diseases forecasts lack of effects on the other. Matrixins seem to present a similar pathophysiological pattern. These facts further support the unifying etiologic theory of diabetes and heart disease, emphasizing the importance of a cardiovascular diabetologic approach to these cytokines for future research. A pharmacologic simultaneous targeting of interleukins and matrixins might provide an effective means to concurrently control both atherosclerosis and diabetes.
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PMID:Biomarkers in cardiovascular diabetology: interleukins and matrixins. 1823 Sep 55

Extensive investigations have implicated cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 as contributing to the pathology of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, since an increase in the production of those cytokines was clinically detected after myocardial infarction and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Current evidence indicates that these cytokines are autocrine contributors to myocardial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte necrosis in I/R injury, whereas, earlier evidence also suggest that cytokines have controversial roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Accordingly, it becomes vital to better define the mechanisms of action of cytokines as important steps towards the development of effective therapeutic strategies to combat their deleterious effects in ischemia-induced myocardial injury. Since TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 have been frequently studied in cardiovascular diseases, especially in I/R heart disease, the purpose of this article is to review the cardiodepressant role of these cytokines and their release in I/R injury.
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PMID:Status of cytokines in ischemia reperfusion induced heart injury. 1878 28

The benefits of pulsatile over nonpulsatile perfusion has been widely debated in pediatric cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To evaluate the role of pulsatile perfusion in pediatric complicated patients with congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery, we performed pulsatile CPB and compared several effects with nonpulsatile perfusion. Pediatric patients (n = 24) diagnosed as typical tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) were randomly divided into two groups: pulsatile perfusion (PP) group and nonpulsatile perfusion (NP) group. Pulsatile perfusion patients used modified roller pump PP during cross-clamping period in CPB, although NP cases used roller pump continuous flow perfusion during CPB. We monitored hemodynamic status and inflammatory media in blood samples over time in all patients. Effective PP can be monitored in PP patients and pulse pressure (DeltaP) was significantly higher in PP group than NP group (p < 0.01). Inflammatory media peaked at the time CPB was weaned off. In PP patients, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were lower after cross-clamp off and intensive care unit period than in NP cases. Free plasma hemoglobin concentration in PP group at preclamp off and CPB weaned off were higher than that of NP group (p < 0.05). Pulsatile perfusion can be successfully applied in pediatric perfusion. Pulsatile perfusion had the role of reducing concentration of inflammatory media in pediatric patients.
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PMID:Clinical application of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric heart surgery. 1928 49

This article deals with peculiarities of development and clinical course of heart failure (HF) in diabetic patients, influence of diabetic cardiopathy on HF formation., role of genetic predictors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and HF formation, also the importance of treatment response predictors, the significance of a more "personalized" exposure in order to optimize treatment. The role of stationary and dynamic genomics was analyzed, especially molecular visualization that allows the earliest possible intervention. The article also includes examples of molecular visualization use in diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction, disease monitoring, and treatment efficacy assessment. Authors give an analysis of targeted treatment methods on the example of targeted delivery of medications to the target-organ (myocard). Discuss means of anti-ischemic myocardial protection, perspectives of metformin use in order to enhance efficacy of myocardial ischemic pre- and postconditioning mechanisms. Presented perspectives of study of molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HF in diabetic patients, in particular, study of key biological features of stem cells, cell interactions, stem cell plasticity (in vitro direction of differentiation) and their paracrine function evaluation. Given information about identification of genes with partly altered expression due to chronic exposure of mesenchymal stem cells to the high concentration of glucose, and upon decreased ability of mesenchymal stem cells of proangiogenic factors with simultaneous increase of inflammatory markers production (IL8). In whole this article reviews modern state of HF in diabetic patients development mechanisms study with the use of molecular and genetic technologies, and of perspectives of development of this area.
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PMID:[Molecular and genetic aspects of heart failure in diabetic patients]. 2255 Jul 8

Comorbidities, are common in COPD, have been associated with poor outcomes and are thought to relate to systemic inflammation. To investigate comorbidities in relation to systemic inflammation and outcomes we recorded comorbidities in a well characterized cohort (ECLIPSE study) for 2164 clinically stable COPD subjects, 337 smokers and 245 non-smokers with normal lung function. COPD patients had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis, anxiety/panic attacks, heart trouble, heart attack, and heart failure, than smokers or nonsmokers. Heart failure (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.9, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.3-2.9), ischemic heart disease (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0), heart disease (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.0), and diabetes (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4) had increased odds of mortality when coexistent with COPD. Multiple comorbidities had accumulative effect on mortality. COPD and cardiovascular disease was associated with poorer quality of life, higher MRC dyspnea scores, reduced 6MWD, higher BODE index scores. Osteoporosis, hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher MRC dyspnea scores and reduced 6MWD. Higher blood concentrations of fibrinogen, IL-6 and IL-8 levels occurred in those with heart disease. Comorbidity is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD. The comorbidities of heart disease, hypertension and diabetes are associated with increased systemic inflammation.
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PMID:Comorbidity, systemic inflammation and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort. 2379 63


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