Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study determined if reported decreases in the delta subunit of ATP synthase and nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in hearts of copper-deficient rats were secondary to the heart disease pathology or due to lack of the trace element. Male weanling Long-Evans rats were randomly divided into six groups: rats fed a copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet (with free access) with or without 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the drinking water and rats pair-fed the copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet without DMSO treatment. After 4 wk, rats in the groups fed the copper-deficient diet had lower liver superoxide dismutase and heart cytochrome c oxidase activities compared with groups fed the copper-adequate diet. Administration of DMSO, an antioxidant, and energy restriction (pair-feeding) partially blocked cardiac hypertrophy in rats fed the copper-deficient diet. Greater mitochondrial volume density and mitochondrial:myofibrillar ratio and disrupted myofibrils and basal laminae were observed in the hearts from rats fed the copper-deficient diet and not treated with DMSO compared with hearts from groups fed the copper-adequate diet. The DMSO-treated rats fed the copper-deficient diet had hearts with intact structure but enlarged mitochondria compared with other groups fed the copper-deficient diet. The delta subunit of ATP synthase and the nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and V were depressed in rats fed a copper-deficient diet regardless of antioxidant treatment and pair-feeding. These data suggest that the effects of copper deficiency upon ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase proteins are not due to the cardiac pathology.
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PMID:Low levels of ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase subunit peptide from hearts of copper-deficient rats are not altered by the administration of dimethyl sulfoxide. 820 36

Determinants of papillary thyroid cancer were evaluated in a questionnaire-based case-control study from southeastern Sweden. A total of 104 cases, diagnosed from 1977 to 1987, and 387 randomly selected controls were included in the analyses. Female subjects with papillary cancer reported a work history as dentists/dental assistants, telephone operators, teachers, and day nursery personnel, and an occupational contact with chemicals and video display terminals more often than did controls. The 11 male cases more often reported working as mechanics and metal workers and having occupational contact with solvents. Other factors associated with increased risk for female papillary cancer were having private well water at the birth address; leisure time exposure to combustion smoke; low intake of cruciferous vegetables and seafood; and a family history of goiter, heart disease, biliary disorder, or female genital cancer. Diagnostic radiographic examinations, especially to the head, neck, or upper back/chest area, or repeated dental examinations, were also found to be associated with this form of cancer. With regard to the possible influence from hormonal factors among women less than age 50 years at time of diagnosis, an increased risk was found for a pregnancy soon after puberty. Tendencies toward a decreasing risk with increasing age at first pregnancy as well as an increasing risk with increasing number of pregnancies were found as well. Multiparity seemed to potentiate the effect from prior radiographic examinations.
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PMID:Determinants of papillary cancer of the thyroid. 771 66

We studied the changes in the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and the urinary excretion of ANF, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and catecholamines in 22 children with congenital heart disease, divided into two groups. Group 1 included 11 children with congestive heart failure (CHF), treated with digitalis and diuretics. Group 2 included 11 children without CHF and without medical treatment. Each group was compared with a control group of 15 healthy, age-matched children. The plasma concentration of ANF was raised in both groups, but it was significantly higher in group 1 (235.5 +/- 82.9 pg/ml), compared to group 2 (48.4 +/- 29.4 pg/ml, P < 0.002). Urinary excretion of ANF was measurable in both groups and higher in group 1 (185.9 +/- 116.2 pg/kg per h) than in group 2 (48.5 +/- 30.7 pg/kg per h), but not significantly so. Urinary excretion of AVP and catecholamines was not different in children with congenital heart disease and healthy children. Twenty-four hours after surgery, plasma ANF diminished in group 1 (from 235.5 +/- 82.9 to 93.4 +/- 53.8 pg/ml, P < 0.003), but did not change in group 2. The urinary excretion of ANF was unchanged in both groups. In contrast, urinary excretion of AVP and catecholamines rose significantly in both groups. These data show that plasma ANF is increased in children with congenital heart disease, even in the absence of CHF. The measurement of urinary ANF is less reliable than a plasma assay. The postoperative increases in AVP and catecholamine urinary excretions could be responsible for the vasoconstriction and water retention typical of the postoperative period.
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PMID:Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and urinary excretion of ANF, arginine vasopressin and catecholamines in children with congenital heart disease: effect of cardiac surgery. 826 94

Many epidemiological, interventional and animal studies have concluded that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin may confer special benefits in reducing cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) mortality rates by different physiological mechanisms. The available epidemiological data, although limited, suggest that a dietetic recommendation on the consumption of one or two servings per week (200-300 g = 2-4 g eicosapentaenoic acid) of cold water marine fish could lead to a reduction of the CHD risk. Nevertheless, there are important methodological shortcomings and contradictory findings in most published investigations on the omega-3 fatty acids. In order to assess the role of fish consumption in the Mediterranean diet, we have compared data on average fish and fatty fish consumption trends in some Mediterranean (Spain, Yugoslavia and Italy) and northern European (Norway, Denmark) countries. Fish consumption is not positively correlated with ischaemic heart disease mortality. That suggests that dietary factors other than fish, such as the lower meat consumption associated to the higher fish intake, or other differences of lifestyle have perhaps intervened, helping to explain the healthy nature of the Mediterranean diet.
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PMID:Fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids and the Mediterranean diet. 826 7

Comparative studies of the differences in elderly patients with and without cardiovascular disorders were made in regard to complications occurring during and after operation. The subjects included 38 patients (6 men and 32 women) aged 70 to 99 years (mean: 84 years) at Nagoya City Kouseiin Geriatric Hospital who had orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, between March 1990 and October 1992. Diseases identified in these subjects were sequelae of cerebrovascular disease (38 subjects), heart disease (22 subjects), hypertension (9 subjects), senile dementia (6 subjects), Parkinson's disease (5 subjects), malignant disease (3 subjects) and diabetes mellitus (2 subjects). They were initially divided into 2 groups according to ultrasonic cardiography: a normal group comprising 20 patients without cardiovascular abnormalities, and a disorder group comprising 18 patients with reduction of left ventricule function, left ventricular hypertrophy and/or valvular disease (more than moderate). All subjects were examined with regard to age, weight, the nutrition index proposed by Onodera, activity of daily living (ADL), cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, serum level of BUN and albumin etc. Moreover, the disorder group subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of heart failure occurring after surgery. In addition to the above-mentioned, we also studied the duration of surgery and anesthesia, and water balance during and after surgery. Results showed that the ADL and nutrition index in the disorder group were lower compared to the normal group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparative studies on complications occurring during and after surgery in elderly patients with and without cardiovascular disorders]. 829 52

Failure to thrive is a common feature of children with congenital heart disease. Whether this is the result of poor nutrition or an abnormally high basal metabolic rate is unknown, yet the state of nutrition has a profound effect on the metabolic response to injury and strongly influences the outcome of surgical treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to measure the preoperative and postoperative energy requirements of children with congenital heart disease. Eighteen children (aged 4 to 33 months) were given two oral doses of doubly labeled water (H2(18)O and 2H2O), the first 1 week before operation and the second 6 hours after the end of cardiac surgery. By measuring the relative loss of each isotope from the body water pool, we were able to calculate the rate of carbon dioxide production and therefore total energy expenditure. In five patients, energy expenditure was clearly elevated, suggesting that a raised basal metabolic rate is an important factor in the observed failure to thrive in at least a proportion of such children. Postoperatively, energy expenditure fell to values below normal for healthy children (not having an operation), which suggests that the stress of surgery leads to smaller energy requirements than have previously been thought.
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PMID:Energy expenditure in children with congenital heart disease, before and after cardiac surgery. 830 56

Contrast echocardiography performed during cardiac catheterization has mostly been limited to a few published case reports. We studied 37 patients with congenital heart disease to assess the capability of the method to diagnose cardiac shunts and valve regurgitation. Injections of 5% dextrose in water through an angiographic catheter were made to evaluate septal integrity and valve competence compared with conventional contrast angiography. An overall sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 78% were found. In four cases of atrial septal defect and seven of mitral regurgitation, the sensitivity was 100%. It was slightly lower for eleven cases of ventricular septal defect (91%) and four of patent ductus arteriosus (75%). When assessing aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary valve competence, the method proved to be more sensitive than conventional angiography to detect mild regurgitation. Contrast echocardiography is a sensitive and safe technique that may be used in association with conventional angiography reducing the need for radiographic contrast and ionizing radiation time.
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PMID:Contrast echocardiography during cardiac catheterization in patients with congenital heart diseases. 834 95

Chronic hypoxemia is associated with a decreased growth rate and a decreased rate of cell division. In lambs with experimental cyanotic heart disease, the gain in body mass was decreased. In this study, we determined to what extent the lower body mass in these lambs was related to alterations in body fluid compartment volumes, specifically whether intracellular volume was decreased. Therefore, fluid compartment volumes were studied in nine lambs, after 3 to 4 wk of experimental cyanotic heart disease, and in 13 control lambs. Hypoxemic lambs had a lower arterial oxygen saturation (65 +/- 11 versus 91 +/- 2%, p < 0.001) and a higher Hb concentration (142 +/- 16 versus 101 +/- 8 g.L-1, p < 0.001). The lower body mass in hypoxemic lambs (10.5 +/- 2.3 versus 13.0 +/- 2.8 kg) could be mainly accounted for by a decrease in intracellular water volume (4.7 +/- 1.3 versus 6.6 +/- 1.5 L, p < 0.01). Total body water (753 +/- 27 versus 780 +/- 40 mL.kg-1) and extracellular water volume (307 +/- 25 versus 277 +/- 15 mL.kg-1) in hypoxemic lambs were not significantly different from those in control lambs, but intracellular water volume was decreased (445 +/- 27 versus 501 +/- 35 mL.kg-1, p < 0.01). The ratio of extracellular to intracellular water volume was higher in hypoxemic lambs (0.69 +/- 0.10 versus 0.55 +/- 0.04, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Body fluid compartment volumes in chronically hypoxemic lambs. 846 63

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) measured by a double indicator dilution method using thermal-dye indicator was evaluated in 204 patients after cardiac surgery during last 7 years. The measurement of EVLW was done at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after extracorporeal circulation (ECC), EVLW showed no significant change except transient decrease at 4 hours after ECC, average of that was 7.62 +/- 3.58 ml/kg, EVLW of group I (MVR) and group III (AVR + MVR) were significantly higher than those of group II (AVR), group IV (noncyanotic congenital heart disease) and group V (A-C bypass). EVLW of 7 patients with postoperative pulmonary edema was 14.47 +/- 4.44 ml/kg, and that was significantly higher than those of others (7.54 +/- 3.06 ml/kg). EVLW of the patients using bubble oxygenator (8.60 +/- 3.90 ml/kg) was significantly higher than those of membrane oxygenator (7.15 +/- 3.40 ml/kg). Postoperative EVLW correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean left atrial pressure (LAP) and microvascular hydrostatic pressure (PMV), and showed inverse correlation with cardiac index (CI). But there was no correlation of EVLW with duration of ECC. In the preoperative parameter, EVLW correlated with age, mPAP, mean pulmonary wedge pressure (mPAWP), PMV, serum BUN and serum creatinine, and showed inverse correlation with CI, %VC, FEV%, PSP test and creatinine clearance. We concluded that the patients with mitral valve disease who have high mPAP and LAP, respiratory and renal dysfunction and old aged preoperatively showed upward trend of EVLW. In perioperative management, care must be taken in such patients and membrane oxygenator was thought useful for prevention of pulmonary edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Extravascular lung water in patients after cardiac surgery]. 847 65

The mechanism of cardiac involvement in scleroderma is not known. Histologic studies of the myocardium in patients who died of scleroderma revealed that half had myocardial damage. Characteristic involvement ranges from focal contraction-band necrosis to diffuse fibrosis despite the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease of the major epicardial vessels. These findings suggest that scleroderma heart disease might result from episodic reduction of coronary blood flow due to abnormalities of coronary vasomotor tone. Studies using cold pressor thallium 201 myocardial perfusion scans support this hypothesis. Our study measured coronary blood flow during hand immersion in ice water at cardiac catheterization to determine whether patients with scleroderma had an abnormal coronary blood flow response. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured using a thermodilution method. Five patients with scleroderma were compared with 5 control subjects. All patients and controls had normal coronary angiograms. The coronary blood flow at baseline in the scleroderma and the control group (130 +/- 33 mL/min and 86 +/- 27 mL/min, respectively) was not significantly different. During the cold pressor test, both groups had a small, insignificant increase in coronary blood flow from baseline to 60 seconds (130 to 144 mL/min, scleroderma patients; 86 to 89 mL/min, control subjects). Our findings suggest that the cold pressor test does not cause an abnormal increase in coronary vasomotor tone or an absolute reduction in coronary blood flow in patients with scleroderma, as previously suggested by thallium 201 cold pressor studies.
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PMID:Effect of cold stress on coronary sinus blood flow in patients with scleroderma. 849 Feb 89


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