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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contraception using IUDs and oral contraception, and sterilization in heart disease are discussed. IUDs are contraindicated in heart patients in whom bacterial infection might present special dangers (heart valve disease and certain congential heart defects), and in patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy, because of the increased risk of hemorrhage. Oral contraceptives are contraindicated because of the frequently observed water retention and weight gain, their effects on arterial blood pressure, and their contribution to thromboembolic desease. During sterilization procedures, particular attention should be given to anesthesia and to position. Contraindications are relative, depending on the patients' status and many other factors.
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PMID:[Contraception in cardiac patients]. 125 37

A simplified, non-invasive method for assessment of the performance of the right heart during supine leg exercise was described, which necessitated no more than a bicycle "ergometer" for leg exercise, a radiocardiograph for recording cardiac index (CI) and a "water" manometer for measuring cubital venous pressure (VP). Because the use of a cardiac catheter was omitted, right atrial pressure (RA), right ventricular diastolic pressure (RVd) or pulmonary arterial pressure (PA) were not measured. In 11 healthy subjects and 25 patients with primarily left-sided valvular disease and hypertension, the observed shift of CI-VP plot with exercise was similar to the published records of exercise-induced shift of CI-RA plot or CI-RVd plot in normal subjects and the same types of heart disease. With levels of load used in this study, a dividing line separating normal from abnormal elevation of VP during supine leg exercise (deltaVP) could be drawn at deltaVP = 35 mm H2O, because (1) none of the healthy subjects had deltaVP in excess of 35 mm H2O and (2) in these types of heart disease, deltaVP in excess of 35 mm H2O was always associated with a "subnormal" increase in CI (deltaCI less than 0.8 lit. min-1. M-2) with exercise, except in a few cases who appeared, clinically, to be in what may be termed "latent heart failure". Factors probably responsible for an impaired pumping ability of the right heart during exercise in left-sided heart disease were discussed, in relation to deltaVP.
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PMID:Non-invasive assessment of the performance of the right heart during dynamic exercise, a study of left-sided heart disease. 126 32

Moderate drinking for the elderly of both genders is no more than one drink per day, where a drink is defined as 12 oz of beer, 5 oz of wine, or 1.5 oz of spirits. Age does not affect the rate of absorption or elimination of alcohol. Lean body mass decreases and adipose tissue increases with age, however, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the volume of total body water. With a smaller volume of distribution, an alcohol dose identical to that administered to a younger individual of the same size and gender will produce a higher blood alcohol concentration in the elderly. Low-dose alcohol stimulates appetite and promoters regular bowel function. In the well-nourished nonalcoholic elderly, the negative impact of alcohol consumption on nutrition is minimal. Alcohol consumption improves mood by increasing feelings of happiness and freedom from care while lessening inhibitions, stress, tension, and depression. Although in the laboratory low-dose alcohol improves certain types of cognitive function in young men, in other types of task performance, alcohol induces impairment, which worsens with age. The effects of alcohol on sleep are primarily detrimental, worsening both insomnia and breathing disturbances during sleep. Although the role of alcohol consumption in mortality from heart disease has not been investigated in the elderly, moderate drinking appears safe. Under some circumstances low-dose alcohol may produce analgesia whereas in others it may worsen pain. The elderly use a significant proportion of both prescription and over-the-counter medication, a large variety of which interact with alcohol. Alcoholic beverage consumption may exacerbate cognitive impairment and dementias of other etiology. Although some studies suggest that moderate use of alcohol by institutionalized senior citizens appears to produce benefits including improved socialization, separation of the effects of the social situation from those specifically attributable to alcohol remains to be accomplished. Older individuals who want to drink, have no medical contraindications, and take no drugs (prescription or over-the-counter) that interact with alcohol, may consider one drink a day to be a prudent level of alcohol consumption. Patients should be counseled to avoid alcohol consumption immediately prior to going to bed in order to avoid sleep disturbances. They also should be cautioned against potential drug-alcohol interactions and told to avoid alcohol ingestion prior to activities such as driving. The decision to recommend a particular level of alcohol consumption in any given patient must, however, be carefully tailored not only to that individual's specific medical needs but to his or her social and environmental circumstances as well.
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PMID:Alcohol and the elderly. 157 71

The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of dietary n-3 fish oil on cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin levels. Adult rabbits (n = 30) received fish oil (200 mg/kg eicosapentaenoic + 143 mg/kg docosahexaenoic acid), corn oil, or water by daily gavage for 6 wk and were then tested for their pial arteriolar diameter response to topical acetylcholine, bradykinin, or systemic asphyxia using the cranial window technique. Plasma and platelet fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E and serum thromboxane B2 were measured by radioimmunoassay. n-3 Fatty acids were enriched in the plasma and platelets of the fish oil group (P less than 0.05). Serum thromboxane B2 was decreased by 31% in the fish oil group (P less than 0.05). The diameter response to acetylcholine and asphyxia was the same in all groups; however, the dilator response to bradykinin, which is known to be mediated by oxygen radicals, was significantly diminished in the fish oil group (P less than 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E concentration increased in response to acetylcholine, bradykinin, and asphyxia; however, the percent increase was less in the fish oil group. In summary, dietary n-3 fatty acids, which are purported to decrease heart disease, appear to selectively affect cerebral arteriolar reactivity, which is normally dependent on cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid and formation of vasoactive oxygen radicals.
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PMID:Effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on cerebral microcirculation. 159 Apr 42

An infant girl with congenital heart disease was fed glucose polymers as dietary supplements. During an attack of gastroenteritis with severe diarrhoea she developed hypernatraemic dehydration, probably due to the high osmotic load of the glucose polymers. This case illustrates the importance of giving adequate amounts of free water to a child on glucose polymers, especially during excessive fluid loss.
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PMID:Glucose polymers in diarrhoea--risk of hypernatraemia. 160 Mar 10

We attached a water-inflated balloon to a transesophageal probe to improve contact of the transducer with the esophageal wall and used it in 26 patients with congenital heart disease. Balloons for this study were made for use in hemostatic therapy for esophageal varix. The contact of the transducer with the esophageal wall was successfully improved in all the patients, which resulted in improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in both two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. The appropriate filling volume of water was within 5 ml to avoid compression of the left pulmonary vein and to avoid the artifact of multiple reflection.
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PMID:Attachment of a balloon to a transesophageal echocardiographic transducer for improvement of contact with the esophageal wall. 162 15

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) is an industrial water contaminant with potential for human exposure by the oral route. The systemic toxicology of 1,2,3-TCP was evaluated after subacute or subchronic exposure in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 0.80 mmol kg-1 day-1 for 10 days and 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.40 mmol kg-1 day-1 for 90 days. Chemical exposure was by oral gavage in corn oil. Lethality did not occur in either study. Toxicity was observed primarily in the high dose group of subacute and subchronically treated rats of both sexes. Weight gain suppression occurred at a dose of 0.8 mmol kg-1 (118 mg kg-1) after 10 days. After 90 days of exposure to 0.40 mmol kg-1, the final body weights were 81% and 86% of control values for males and females, respectively. When major organ weights were normalized by body weight, liver and kidney values were generally increased relative to control in the two highest dose groups after 10- and 90-day chemical exposure. Serum chemistries and histopathology indicated a mild hepatotoxic response to 1,2,3-TCP in the high dose group of each study but did not support any renal toxicity. Thymic weight reduction due to atrophy occurred at 10 days of exposure in high dose groups but was normal in all groups after the 90-day treatment. The primary histological finding in this study was an inflammation-associated cardiopathy produced by 1,2,3-TCP. Myocardial necrosis and degeneration occurred in a diffuse pattern with marked eosinophilia of affected cells. Male and female animals showed a cardiopathic response only at a dose of 0.8 mmol kg-1 1,2,3-TCP after the 10-day exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiopathic effect of 1,2,3-trichloropropane after subacute and subchronic exposure in rats. 191 91

Virologic findings reported in recent atherosclerosis literature may have profound implications. To assess them, we have viewed atherosclerosis in a broad biologic context and against a background of environmental, behavioral, and social change. Reasonable grounds exist, we believe, for regarding atherosclerosis as a chronic, low-grade infectious macroangiopathy which is aggravated by hypercholesterolemia and other recognized risk factors. There are probably multiple infective pathogens and transmission routes. The putative agents that initiate atherosclerosis might include ubiquitous viruses that produce clinically unapparent infections in many animal species. Pathways for their transmission to humans may include the food chain and contaminated water. Food-chain transmission may have been largely responsible for the parallel increases of meat consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States during the middle third of the century. It provides a hypothetical basis for considering thermal intervention as a heretofore unrecognized factor that may actually best account for the surprising reversal of climbing heart disease mortality rates. Improved sanitation and food hygiene as well as improvements in diet, lifestyle, and medical care may have shaped the downward mortality curve. The virus hypothesis may reconcile apparent epidemiologic conflicts and elucidate the natural history of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:The natural history of atherosclerosis: an ecologic perspective. 219 39

Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a greater than expected number of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease in areas where drinking water was contaminated by halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Trichloroethylene, trichloroethane and dichlorethylene were the principal contaminants in the groundwater. A previous study of chick embryos demonstrated that when injected into the air sacs of fertilized eggs trichloroethylene produced more than three times the number of cardiac defects that are found in control embryos. This mammalian study demonstrates similar effects of trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene when applied under provocative circumstances (that is, solutions delivered through a catheter into the gravid uterus from an intraperitoneal osmotic pump) to the developing rat fetus in utero during the period of organ differentiation and development. Furthermore, the effect is dose dependent for both agents. Although only a very small number of congenital heart anomalies (3%) were found in the control group, 9% and 12.5% were found in the lower dose trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene groups and 14% and 21% in the higher dose groups, respectively (p less than 0.05). A variety of cardiac defects were found. Dichloroethylene appears to be at least as great a cardiac teratogen as trichloroethylene even though it was administered at a 10-fold lower concentration. These agents appear to be specific cardiac teratogens because only a single noncardiac anomaly was found. This study in a rat model demonstrates a dose-dependent relation between fetal exposure to trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene in utero during the period of organogenesis and the appearance of a variety of congenital cardiac defects.
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PMID:Cardiac teratogenesis of trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene in a mammalian model. 222 79

A 3-year prospective, blinded, multicenter study was done to assess the efficacy of early ribavirin intervention in mild respiratory syncytial virus illness in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or with congenital heart disease. A cohort of 178 children younger than 36 months of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital heart disease were followed. Forty-seven infants whose respiratory syncytial virus infection resulted in mild symptoms of less than or equal to 72 hours' duration received ribavirin (n = 20) or water placebo aerosol (n = 27) either in a hospital or at home. Outcome measures included respiratory and analog score, room air oxygen, saturation, and oxygen flow needed to maintain saturation at greater than or equal to 91%. No difference in age, gender, family size, passive smoking, baseline oxygen saturations in room air, or duration of symptoms before treatment was found between groups. After 3 days of therapy, ribavirin produced a greater rate of improvement of analog scores (p = less than or equal to 0.001), lower oxygen requirements (p = 0.01), and higher oxygen saturation (p = 0.01). Respiratory scores and total hospital days did not differ significantly between the groups. Treatment failure occurred in 2 of 20 children (10%) in the ribavirin group versus 5 of 27 children (18%) in the placebo group, a nonsignificant difference. No child required assisted ventilation or had an adverse reaction. We conclude that early ribavirin therapy may help to reduce morbidity from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk young children.
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PMID:Early ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial viral infection in high-risk children. 188 Jun 77


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