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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality in 180 census tracts of Harris County, Texas, were studied using 3 years mortality for 1969--1971. This study was designed to test with a different data base the universality of several study results which have reported significant correlations between heart disease and air pollutants. Air quality data (suspended particulates, benzene solubles, sulfur dioxide, and metals associated with particulates: copper, mercury, manganese, lead, nickel, zinc, chromium, and cadmium) were related to both sex and age adjusted crude death rates, and cause-specific death rates for age cohorts for 7 categories of heart disease, and pneumonia, asthma, cancer, tuberculosis, and accident deaths. The results of the study were in agreement with the findings of the other researchers who used national data. Suspended particulates and cadmium concentrations were found to be correlated (r=.38, .36; P less than .001) with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many other significant correlations are reported but are not cause-specific. Socio-economic indicators were also correlated with IHD, thus confounding the issue. Further work is planned using more sophisticated statistical techniques to disentangle the relative contribution of each of these highly intercorrelated factors. No causality can be assigned at this stage, although this study, with the other cited, points to possible risk factors for IHD which need further evaluation.
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PMID:Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality: Harris County, Texas 1969--1971. 72 89

Changes of the mineral concentrations of the heart muscle can point at disturbances of myocardial metabolism. Disturbances of heart muscle with functional loss and without coronary or inflammatory heart disease are called myocardosis, especially cardioplegic myocardosis after open-heart surgery with extracorporal bypass. 30 dogs were examined in three groups varying the method of induced cardiac arrest: 1. ischemic cardiac arrest by clamping the ascending aorta, 2. functional cardiac arrest by electrically induced fibrillation and 3. ischemic cardiac arrest and in addition injection of a Mg-aspartate-procain-solution. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper and zinc were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Specimens from the left and right ventricular wall were examined before and after extracorporal circulation. After a recovery period for one hour the dogs were killed and specimens from the right and left ventricular wall and from the basis and apex of the interventricular septum were taken and reduced to ashes with mineral acids. In all animals changes of the mineral content were most marked after the recovery period. In all forms of cardiac arrest mineral metabolism showed monotone reactions: water content increased, potassium and magnesium decreased. Variations of mineral concentrations were more expressed in the right ventricular wall than in the left. Animals with cardiac arrest by electrically induced fibrillation indicated the smallest deviations from the basic values. The comparison of the values of dogs with sufficient circulation at the end of the experiments and those dogs with medicamentally or mechanically supported circulation at this time showed a more increased water content and simultaneously a decrease of all cations in the group with supported circulation. The decrease of the osmolality of the cations seems to be the metabolic answer to the increased cardioplegic damage of heart muscle.
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PMID:[Myocardial electrolytes in "cardioplegic" myocardosis (author's transl)]. 122 Jun 68

5 major criteria are used to evaluate family planning methods: efficacy, both theoretical and practical; acceptability as measured by continuation of use; safety; reversibility; and cost, including the cost of treatment, follow-up, and screening for contraindications. Traditional family planning methods are mostly based on periodic abstinence during the presumed fertile period. The calendar, temperature, Billings or cervical mucus, and symptothermal methods are based on observation of different symptoms of ovulation and fertility. Their advantages are that they do not require intervention by health personnel, their costs of use are nil, and they are morally acceptable to some couples. Their efficacy is lower than that of other methods and they should be viewed as methods to space rather than limit births. The withdrawal method, also less effective, requires active cooperation by the male partner. Among mechanical methods, the use of condoms has increased recently because of the protection they offer against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Their efficacy depends on correct use, regular use, and the quality of the condom. The Pearl index varies from 93099 per 100 woman-years. The diaphragm must be individually measured and should be used with spermicides. The Pearl index ranges from 85095 per 100 woman-years. Spermicides, generally either nonoxynol-9 or benzalkonium chloride, are surfactants that have a Pearl index of 83-97 per 100 woman-years. They are available as creams, jellies, foams, suppositories, tablets, or impregnated sponges. Most failures appear due to errors of utilization. The mechanism of action of the IUD is imperfectly understood, but it is known to prevent nidation of the fertilized egg. Copper devised have higher rates of efficacy and tolerance. Pearl indices range from 95-99.5. Contraindications include genital infection, uterine anomalies, valvular cardiopathy, and coagulation problems. The IUD is relatively contraindicated if there is history of ectopic pregnancy or upper genital tract infections. The combined oral contraceptive is the most widely utilized method in France. The Pearl index is nearly 100 in the absence of forgetting, vomiting, or drug interactions. The contraindications are basically those of estrogens: history of thrombosis, prolonged bedrest, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatic disorders, hormonodependent cancers, or smoking after age 35. Progestin-only methods are available in 3 forms: low-dose pills which must be taken at the same time each day, higher-dosed progestins taken for 20 days each month, and injectable progestins providing contraception for 8-12 weeks. Postcoital contraception using OCs or IUDs is possible but not well known among women or physicians. The Neuwirth law authorizing use of contraception in France was passed in 1967. Amendments in 1974 improved access and provided for reimbursement for some methods, but some newer forms are not reimbursed.
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PMID:[Family planning. Objectives, measures, regulations, structures]. 185 35

The authors investigated the association of serum copper concentration with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,666 randomly selected men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years who had no symptomatic ischemic heart disease at entry. Baseline examinations in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Eastern Finland were done during 1984 to 1988. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusting for age, examination year, ischemic electrocardiogram in exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, diabetes, family history of ischemic heart disease, cigarette-years, mean systolic blood pressure, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol subfraction HDL2 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and blood leukocyte count, serum copper concentration in the two highest tertiles (1.02-1.16 mg/liter and 1.17 mg/liter or more) associated with 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.3-9.4, p less than 0.05) and 4.0-fold (95 percent Cl 1.5-10.8, p less than 0.01) risk of acute myocardial infarction. These data indicate that high copper status, reflected by elevated serum copper concentration, is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Serum copper and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective population study in men in eastern Finland. 159 83

There exist 11 essential elements (iron, copper, iodine, zinc, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, selenium and fluorine) vitally important for human health. The deficiency of these trace elements results in many pathological processes, including such world-wide human diseases, as iron-deficient anemias and other forms of hyposiderosis, endemic hypothyroid goiter, endemic fluorine deficiency states, particularly manifested by dental caries in children and osteoporosis of the advanced age. Selenium deficiency causes endemic cardiopathy in China, is a risk factor for the development and severe course of congestive cardiopathies, as well as myocardial infarction in a number of European countries. Correction of selenium deficiency with sodium selenite reduced to the minimum the mortality rate from endemic cardiopathy in China (Keshan disease) and had a favourable effect on other forms of cardiovascular pathology. Essential trace element deficiency results in many forms of embryonal and fetal pathology and decreases the antitumour resistance in man. New essential trace elements are still being identified and their number reached 19 at present. Development of pathological anatomy of essential trace element deficiency is an important task of modern medicine.
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PMID:[An insufficiency of essential trace elements and its manifestations in pathology]. 219 34

The importance of metals in normal and pathologic cardiovascular function has been recognized. Significant derangements in myocardial Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ have been reported in ischemic heart injury. We studied 3 groups of hearts: 1) fifteen specimens obtained from patients who had no heart disease, 2) nine specimens from patients who had expired from cyanotic congenital heart disease, and 3) ten specimens from patients who had expired from acute rheumatic heart disease with carditis and severe heart failure. None of the patients had undergone cardiac surgery. Left ventricular lateral wall Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed a significant decrease in myocardial Mg2- (Group I 177.06 +/- 32.71; Group II 155.66 +/- 14.79; Group III 149.00 +/- 13.29, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively), and Cu2+ contents (Group I 3.22 +/- 0.37; Group II 2.94 +/- 0.22; Group III 2.56 +/- 0.32, p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001, respectively), and a rise in myocardial Ca2+ content (Group I 36.06 +/- 10.72; Group II 43.22 +/- 7.01; Group III 46.30 +/- 4.85, p = not significant, and p less than 0.01, respectively). The myocardial Zn2+ content did not change significantly (Group I 26.53 +/- 3.99; Group II 26.00 +/- 4.15; Group III 26.40 +/- 3.53). The myocardial Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio was reduced markedly in both groups (Group I 5.328 +/- 1.879; Group II 3.685 +/- 0.735; Group III 3.135 +/- 0.291, p less than 0.001 for both Groups II and III vs Group I). The latter results correlated closely with the myocardial Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios reported in experimental models in peri-infarction zones. Thus, the myocardium of patients who had expired from cyanotic congenital heart disease and acute rheumatic carditis is jeopardized by ischemia, with metal contents similar to the border areas in myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Myocardial metal content in patients who expired from cyanotic congenital heart disease and acute rheumatic heart disease. 717 80

According to the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program, age is a major risk factor for heart disease. To assess the relation between age and LDL oxidizability, we studied copper-mediated LDL oxidation in 13 healthy elderly subjects (> 59 years) and 13 sex-matched healthy young controls (< 30 years). Total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased in elderly subjects. The time course of copper-mediated LDL oxidation showed no significant differences between the two groups as assessed by formation of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, and apolipoprotein B fluorescence. Kinetics of LDL oxidation as quantified by lag time, oxidation rate, and maximal oxidation were not significantly different between the elderly and young groups. Although the concentrations of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:3, and 20:4 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in the elderly group, LDL fatty acid concentrations were similar in both groups. Lipid-standardized alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbate concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. The findings of the present study suggest that in the healthy elderly, LDL oxidation may not be a crucial mediator for atherogenesis.
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PMID:Effect of aging on susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation. 758 53

This study determined if reported decreases in the delta subunit of ATP synthase and nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in hearts of copper-deficient rats were secondary to the heart disease pathology or due to lack of the trace element. Male weanling Long-Evans rats were randomly divided into six groups: rats fed a copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet (with free access) with or without 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the drinking water and rats pair-fed the copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet without DMSO treatment. After 4 wk, rats in the groups fed the copper-deficient diet had lower liver superoxide dismutase and heart cytochrome c oxidase activities compared with groups fed the copper-adequate diet. Administration of DMSO, an antioxidant, and energy restriction (pair-feeding) partially blocked cardiac hypertrophy in rats fed the copper-deficient diet. Greater mitochondrial volume density and mitochondrial:myofibrillar ratio and disrupted myofibrils and basal laminae were observed in the hearts from rats fed the copper-deficient diet and not treated with DMSO compared with hearts from groups fed the copper-adequate diet. The DMSO-treated rats fed the copper-deficient diet had hearts with intact structure but enlarged mitochondria compared with other groups fed the copper-deficient diet. The delta subunit of ATP synthase and the nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and V were depressed in rats fed a copper-deficient diet regardless of antioxidant treatment and pair-feeding. These data suggest that the effects of copper deficiency upon ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase proteins are not due to the cardiac pathology.
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PMID:Low levels of ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase subunit peptide from hearts of copper-deficient rats are not altered by the administration of dimethyl sulfoxide. 820 36

There are many diseases of unknown etiology. Increasingly vibrant, contemporary research is attempting to associate trace element metabolism with some of these illnesses. Because trace elements can produce profound effects on health via enzymes, hormones and messenger molecules, analytical assessment must be directed toward these chemicals as well as to the trace elements. Element analysis may be directed best toward specific cells, tissues and organs. Copper deficiency is associated with the etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease via metabolic processes affecting cardiovascular health. Some drugs now used to treat heart disease affect copper metabolism but many other metabolic processes are unaffected by deficiency. It seems prudent to avoid diets containing amounts of copper that have been proved insufficient for people in controlled experiments.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease: nutrition or pharmacotherapy? 821 46

The endocrine phase of the stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children is known to be subtly different from that seen in adults. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there are similar differences in the acute phase response. Thirteen children were studied (mean age 2.65 years). Each child had congenital heart disease and underwent corrective cardiac surgery. Blood samples taken two days prior to operation and at 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours after were analysed for C-reactive protein, albumin, caeruloplasmin, zinc and copper concentrations. Metal:carrier protein molar ratios were also calculated. Results demonstrate changes which, although similar to those seen in adults, differed both quantitatively and qualitatively. This is explained by the concept of immaturity leading to a generally poor capacity for protein synthesis and a relative inability to respond to altered circumstances.
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PMID:The acute phase response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children. 874 Mar 51


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